The chemical symbols for these elements are used as abbreviations when writing electronconfigurations, because these elements have a full valence shell. These elements exist in nature asmonoatomic gases. Fluorescent lighting often uses tubes containing these elements, most commonly(*) neon. The rightmost column of the periodic table contains, for 10 points, what group of unreactiveelements?
One character in this musical describes "knobs on the doors" and "wall-to-wall floors" as attractionsof moving from Puerto Rico to New York in the song "America". This musical's song "I Feel Pretty" issung by Maria, who holds her lover (*) Tony as he dies. For 10 points, name this musical inspired by Romeoand Juliet about a gang war between the Jets and the Sharks, composed by Leonard Bernstein.
Two wolves named Geri and Freki follow this deity around, and he owns a horse named Sleipnir.With his brothers Vili and Ve, this deity helped create the world by killing Ymir. Hugin and Munin aretwo (*) ravens that help this deity receive information from around the world. He is often known as theAllfather, has just one eye, and is the father of Thor. For 10 points, name this chief Norse god.
For surviving this event, criticism was directed at J. Bruce Ismay, a chairman of White Star Lines.Robert Ballard searched the remains of this event, in which "Nearer, My God, To Thee" was played by adoomed (*) orchestra. The Carpathia rescued survivors of this event, in which a lack of lifeboats led to extradeaths. For 10 points, name this 1912 event in which an "unsinkable" ship hit an iceberg.
One common proof of this theorem places four congruent triangles inside each side of a square,forming a smaller square. The law of cosines is a generalization of this theorem, which can be appliedto find the Euclidean (*) distance between two points. The length of a triangle's hypotenuse may be foundwith, for 10 points, what theorem about the squares of the side lengths of right triangles?
A mercury thermometer is one object in this artist’s Why Not Sneeze, Rose Selavy?. This man drew amustache and goatee on the Mona Lisa in his L.H.O.O.Q.. Many people have attempted to (*) pee in hismost famous artwork. For 10 points, name this French Dadaist artist who created Fountain by writing thename "R. Mutt" on a urinal.
New Haven, Connecticut is known for a distinctive variety of this food, including one type made withwhite clams, while the St. Louis style of this food is noted for its use of Provel cheese. Giordano's andLou Malnati's are known for making the (*) deep-dish variety of this food popular in Chicago. For 10points, what Italian food's New York style is characterized by a thin, foldable crust?
This country was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979, prompting a 1980 boycott of the Olympics.This country's massive Bamiyan Buddha statues were destroyed by a terrorist group based in it calledthe (*) Taliban. It's not Iraq, but the United States has been fighting in this country since 2001. For 10 points,name this Asian country led from Kabul.
This character discovers that an old man he killed was actually King Laius. This character solves theriddle of the Sphinx, defeating it and becoming king of Thebes. This man stabs his eyes out with pinsafter realizing that his wife, Jocasta, is actually his (*) mother. For 10 points, what Theban king depicted ina trilogy of Sophocles plays was prophesied to marry his mother and kill his father?
In Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House, these objects have 30 and 60 degree lines to imitate plants.James Stewart starred in an Alfred Hitchcock mystery film named for a "Rear" one of these objects.Vista and XP were versions of an (*) operating system named for these objects and made by Microsoft. For10 points, what objects are often made of stained glass in churches and let sunlight into buildings?
Seymour commits suicide at the end of this author's short story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish". TheGlass family appears in many stories by this author, whose most famous work centers on a PenceyPrep (*) dropout who visits his sister Phoebe while in New York City. For 10 points, the "phony"-hatingHolden Caulfield is the protagonist of what author's novel The Catcher in the Rye?
Air resistance is caused by the air exerting this force on objects moving through it. This force isequal to the product of the normal force and its namesake coefficient, symbolized mu. This force canbe "kinetic" or (*) "static", depending on whether its objects are already moving. Lubricants counteract, for10 points, what force which can prevent objects from moving or slow them down?
An 1885 massacre targeted coal miners of this ethnicity in Rock Springs, Wyoming. The term"coolie" was disparagingly applied to laborers of this ethnicity on the Transcontinental Railroad. In1882, a namesake (*) "Exclusion Act" barred members of this ethnicity from immigrating to the UnitedStates. For 10 points, identify these people who came to America from cities like Fuzhou or Shanghai.
In addition to writing many of the Psalms, this man committed adultery with Bathsheba, producinghis son, Solomon, who would succeed him. This man slew a Philistine giant near the Valley of Elah. Asix-pointed (*) star named for this man is often used as a symbol of Judaism. For 10 points, name this king ofIsrael who used a slingshot to kill Goliath.
Oliver Hazard Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie during this war, and a freak tornado stopped theBritish army from continuing to set fire to one city during it. During an attack on Fort McHenry in thiswar, Francis Scott Key composed "The (*) Star-Spangled Banner". Washington, DC was burned during, for10 points, what 19th century war between the US and Britain named for the year in which it began?
The warming of this layer is the cause of polar vortex warming and weakening. A temperatureinversion causes temperature to unusually increase with altitude in this layer of the atmosphere,thanks to a high concentration of (*) ozone, which also absorbs harmful radiation. Commercial aircraftcruise in the lower part of, for 10 points, what 2nd atmospheric layer, above the troposphere?
The rock-carved Abu Simbel temples had to be relocated to higher ground thanks to a dam on thisriver creating Lake Nasser. This river's "Blue" and "White" branches merge at Khartoum. The (*) AswanHigh Dam lies along this river, whose delta contains most of Egypt's population and agriculture. For 10 points,identify this African river, the longest in the world.
This author created Fanny Price, who is sent by her poor family to live at the title estate in hernovel Mansfield Park. This author wrote a book whose main character is lifelong friends with Mr.Knightley called Emma. Elizabeth (*) Bennett, one of five daughters, is the main character of another of thiswoman's novels. For 10 points, name this author of Pride and Prejudice.
It's not the mitochondrion, but this organelle is believed to have originated throughendosymbiosis. "Light" and "dark" reactions are part of a process that takes place in this organelle andconverts carbon dioxide and water into (*) glucose. The presence of a pigment in these organelles isresponsible for plant leaves' green color. For 10 points, in what plant organelles does photosynthesis occur?
A minor character in this film claims he robbed the second-largest bank in France using only aballpoint pen. In this film, Peter O'Toole plays a notoriously stingy critic named Anton Ego. This film'sprotagonist, who idolizes Auguste (*) Gusteau (goose-TOE), teams up with Linguini and is inspired by themotto "anyone can cook." For 10 points, name this Pixar animated film about a rodent who becomes a chef.
[10] Identify this John Green novel about Hazel Lancaster and Augustus Waters, who fly to Amsterdam to meet the author Peter Van Houten.
[10] Hazel and Augustus meet at a support group for sufferers of this disease, from which Augustus dies at the end of the book. An Eleanor Coerr book describes Sadako Sasaki folding a thousand paper cranes while undergoing treatment for leukemia, one kind of this disease.
[10] Augustus also has this physical condition as a result of his bone cancer, which ended his basketball career. In Wendelin Van Draanen's The Running Dream, Jessica acquires this physical condition in a car accident.
[10] This Frenchman included "The Albatross" and "To the Reader" in his most famous collection, Les Fleurs du Mal.
[10] This man wrote the poem "To a Skylark," in addition to his more famous "Ozymandias." His wife Mary, who shares his surname, wrote Frankenstein.
[10] This man wrote of leaving the world "unseen" in his "Ode to a Nightingale". This author also penned "Ode on a Grecian Urn”.
[10] Name this Genoese explorer who left Spain for the New World in 1492.
[10] Columbus sailed on behalf of these two Catholic monarchs whose marriage to each other unified Spain through joining their respective kingdoms, Castile and Aragon. ANSWERS: Ferdinand II of Aragon [or Ferdinand V of Castile, or Ferdinand I of Spain, or Ferrando II, or Ferran II, or Errando II, or Fernando II] AND Isabella I of Castile [or Isabel I] [10] This was the largest boat of the three in Columbus’s fleet. It ran aground due to incompetent piloting and was dismantled to build the first Spanish settlement in the New World.
[10] Name this corrupt political machine associated with the Democratic Party that dominated New York state politics during the 1800s. Its most infamous leader was “Boss” Tweed.
[10] Name this hobby. Paul Cézanne painted two "Players" performing this activity seated at a table.
[10] Excluding the two jokers, a standard poker deck contains this many playing cards.
[10] Besides poker, another popular game at casinos is this card game in which players compete against the dealer and try to avoid causing a "bust". “Card-counting” is a strategy that can eliminate the house’s advantage in this game.
[10] Name this quantity computed by adding all the values in a data set and then dividing by the number of values.
[10] The arithmetic mean, or average, of two values is always greater than this other mean, which is calculated by multiplying two numbers by each other and taking the square root.
[10] This other statistical measure of an "average"-like value is the most common value in a data set.
[10] These organisms hunt, kill, and eat prey for food. On a food chain, these organisms are usually located directly above their prey, and the "apex" type of these species are located at the top of the food chain.
[10] Isle Royale, an island and national park in Michigan, is home to a unique ecosystem where there is only one species of large predator and one species of large prey animal. Name either.
[10] In addition to predators, some carnivores are this other type of organism that eats dead animals that have died of natural causes or been left behind by predators. Vultures and flesh flies are examples of this feeding behavior.
[10] Name these edifices which can be closed to seal off the entrance to temples or other buildings. Examples of them allowed people to pass through the walls of Rome.
[10] The Romans believed that this two-faced deity was the God of Gates. The aforementioned gate in Rome was named for him.
[10] The Gates to the Underworld, meanwhile, were said to be guarded by this three-headed dog.
[10] Name this opera whose title Ethiopian princess falls in love with Radamès, the Captain of the Guard.
[10] This Italian composer of Rigoletto and La traviata composed Aida.
[10] Aida is set in this African country during its Old Kingdom period. The premiere performance of Aida took place in this country's capital city of Cairo.
[10] Name this smallest and closest planet to the Sun.
[10] Mercury's orbit has the largest value of this quantity among all planets. This quantity measures the ratio between the closest and furthest distances from the Sun; more elliptical orbits have higher values of it.
[10] Mercury's Caloris Basin is one of the largest of these structures in the Solar System. A large one of these structures has caused Saturn’s moon Mimas to be nicknamed the Death Star.
[10] Name this former Socialist and fascist world leader. He was nicknamed “Il Duce” (eel doo-chay) and was supported by the paramilitary Blackshirts.
[10] Benito Mussolini led this country, whose other former leaders include Sergio Mattarella and Giuseppe Conte.
[10] Another European fascist leader was this Spanish generalísimo, a dictator who led the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War and ruled until the 1970s.
[10] A UN investigation found that the novel coronavirus originated in this Central Chinese city, possibly from a wet market. This city is the capital of Hubei Province.
[10] Public health authorities in this country released a remix of the pop song “Ghen” to inform the public about coronavirus precautions, which achieved worldwide popularity.
[10] This renowned American physician and immunology expert has been a prominent figure in the coronavirus response. This man has been the director of NIAID since 1984, in which capacity he has advised every president since Ronald Reagan on matters of public health.
[10] Name this northeastern state nicknamed the "Green Mountain State" and located between New York and New Hampshire.
[10] This capital of Vermont is the least populous state capital in the U.S., with fewer than ten thousand inhabitants.
[10] This most populous city in Vermont lies on Lake Champlain. Bernie Sanders was elected mayor of this city in 1981.
[10] Name this "Boy Pharaoh" of Egypt, whose tomb was famously discovered nearly intact by Howard Carter.
[10] During his reign, Tutankhamun moved Egypt's capital from Amarna back to this other city. This city shares its name with a city-state in Greece that was legendarily founded by Cadmus.
[10] According to one theory, Tutankhamun's premature death may have been caused by an accident involving one of these vehicles. In ancient Rome, spectators could watch these vehicles at the Circus Maximus.
[10] Name this English Romantic poet known for "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and the unfinished "Kubla Khan".
[10] Coleridge claimed to have composed "Kubla Khan" in a dream while high on this drug. Britain fought two wars with China over this drug, which is produced from poppies.
[10] "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" follows a frame narrative in which the story is told to a guest at one of these events. Federico Garcíia Lorca wrote about a "Blood" one of these events in which the Groom and the Bride's lover kill each other.
[10] Name these elementary particles that come in 6 "flavors", such as the down and up types, and make up protons and neutrons.
[10] Quarks belong in a class of particles along with leptons named after this Italian scientist, who also formulated a thought experiment asking "where are the aliens?"
[10] Fermions are contrasted with this other type of subatomic particle named for an Indian physicist and whose types include W, Z, and one named for Higgs.
[10] A 2016 album by Swedish djent band Meshuggah is titled The Violent Sleep of Reason, a reference to this Spanish artist's The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, one of his Los Caprichos etchings. He also painted The Third of May, 1808.
[10] This American musical artist sang "And how you suffered for your sanity / And how you tried to set them free" in "Vincent", a song addressed to Vincent van Gogh. He is better known for singing about "the day the music died" in "American Pie".
[10] The pioneering pop artist Richard Hamilton designed the album cover for this band's "White Album". John Lennon and Paul McCartney were both members of this rock band from Liverpool.
[10] Name these cyclonic storms formed over warm oceans and measured by the Saffir-Simpson scale, which rates them from Category 1 to Category 5.
[10] Hurricanes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres rotate in different directions as a result of this inertial effect. Contrary to popular belief, this effect does not cause toilets to flush in opposite directions in different hemispheres.
[10] The aforementioned "stadium effect" causes the wall of this part of a hurricane to be slanted. This part of a hurricane typically has no cloud cover and low winds.
[10] This Enlightenment philosopher developed the categorical imperative to argue that actions are moral only if they can be treated as universal law. He's also known for his critiques of "pure" and "practical" reason.
[10] According to the categorical imperative, it is always impermissible to take this action because if everyone did this, nobody could be trusted.
[10] A common critique of the categorical imperative questions the morality of telling the truth to someone who arrives at your door and asks where he can find your children so that he can do this action to them. The trolley problem is often formulated as doing this to one person to save a greater number of people.
[10] Identify this founder of an Abrahamic religion. His sayings are known as aḥadith by followers of that religion.
[10] The Qur'an, the holy text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by this archangel.
[10] After a period of time in Medina, Muhammad and his followers captured this holiest city in Islam in the year 630. Muslims must perform hajj, a pilgrimage to this city, once in their lifetime.