As Secretary of War, this man attempted to import camels for cavalry soldiers, an experiment whichresulted in Douglas the Camel fighting for the 43rd Mississippi. This man fled Richmond in women'sclothing but was eventually arrested for treason. He was appointed to his highest position in (*) 1861shortly following the outbreak of the Civil War. For 10 points, name this only Confederate president.
The highest peak of this peninsula is Mount Baekdu, and this peninsula's northern boundary isdemarcated by the Yalu River. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, the two countries on this peninsulafielded a (*) unified women's hockey team. The DMZ separates the Northern and Southern halves of, for 10points, what peninsula in Asia that contains the cities of Pyongyang and Seoul?
This figure legendarily founded the city of Mycenae, and he fulfilled a prophecy when his discuskilled his grandfather Acrisius. This man's mother Danae was visited by Zeus in the form of a goldenshower. This hero used Athena's (*) reflective shield to kill a Gorgon, after which Pegasus was born.Andromeda's husband was, for 10 points, what Greek hero who slew Medusa?
Robert Welch and the John Birch Society fought against this ideology. Along with anarchists, thePalmer Raids were conducted against people holding this belief. Joseph (*) McCarthy investigatedpeople suspected of this political position in a period known as the Red Scare. The U.S. joined the VietnamWar to stop the spread of, for 10 points, what political ideology championed by the Soviet Union?
This author depicted Green Town, Illinois in his short story collection Dandelion Wine. Anotherstory collection by this author begins with "Rocket Summer" and follows the human settlement ofMars in the mid 21st century. This man wrote a novel in which the (*) fireman Guy Montag saves booksinstead of burning them. For 10 points, name this author of the Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451.
Along with variance, this value is affected by Bessel's correction. T and z scores have this number intheir denominator. This value, symbolized by a lowercase sigma, is equal to the square root of the (*)variance. 63% of the data in a normally distributed set is within this value of the mean. For 10 points, namethis value that measures the "spread" of a set of data.
A Dead Kennedys song is titled for a "Holiday in" this country. An empire in this country developed amartial art called "lion-pounding", or bokator. The use of "killing fields" was among the atrocitiescommitted by Pol Pot, the head of this country's (*) Khmer Rouge regime. The massive Angkor Wat templeis located in, for 10 points, what Southeast Asian country with capital at Phnom Penh?
Along with sinkholes, these formations occur frequently in regions of karst topography, wherelimestone or dolomite is dissolved by groundwater. The deepest known one of these formations iscalled (*) Krubera, and these places are explored by spelunkers. Stalactites and stalagmites occur in, for 10points, what natural holes that extend underground?
Users of this platform were widely credited with deflating attendance at a June 2020 Trumpcampaign rally. In August 2020, Donald Trump issued an order banning transactions with thisplatform’s parent company, ByteDance, and encouraged it to be bought by a "very (*) American"company like Microsoft. For 10 points, name this video-sharing app which has been criticized for associationswith China.
Members of one of this country's political parties run for British parliament but do not take theirseats. That party, Sinn Féin (shin fayn), was founded to fight for this country's independence. In 1920,British forces shot into a crowd of spectators watching a (*) Gaelic football match in this country's capital.For 10 points, what European country bordering the UK adopted a green-white-orange tricolor flag?
Andrew Marcus brews a potion to give himself freckles in one book by this author. A series by thisauthor features the turtle Dribble and chronicles Peter Hatcher's annoyance with his younger brother.The title character gets her first (*) period at the end of Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret, a novel by, for10 points, what author of Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing who created "Fudge" Hatcher?
Benzoyl peroxide is one drug used to treat a condition of this organ. Basal cell carcinoma is acommon type of cancer that affects this organ, which can also be afflicted by psoriasis and (*) eczema.Excessive exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of cancers like melanoma in, for 10 points, what largesthuman organ, which covers the entire human body?
This nation carried out Operation Orchard in order to destroy a suspected Syrian nuclear reactor.Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of this country, but declined. This nation's parliament, theKnesset, was first led by its first prime minister, David (*) Ben-Gurion. Tel Aviv is the economic center of,for 10 points, what nation engaged in land disputes with Palestine?
This person's cause of death is recounted differently in the Bible, but both Matthew and Acts statethat it happened in the Potter's Field. He was paid 30 pieces of silver by the Sanhedrin for turning in acertain man, who he distinguished with a (*) kiss on the cheek. At the Last Supper, Jesus predicted thebetrayal of, for 10 points, what traitorous Apostle given the epithet "Iscariot"?
Asteroids sharing an orbit with this planet are called trojans. In 1994, the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9collided with this planet. This planet's moons include the most volcanically active body in the solarsystem, Io, as well as the three other (*) Galilean moons: Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The Great RedSpot is found on, for 10 points, what largest planet in the solar system?
This painting appears opposite the artist's La Disputa. A large marble arch dominates this work,whose central figures hold copies of the books Timaeus and Ethics and which also depicts Averroespeering over Pythagoras's shoulder at Archimedes. Pythagoras, Socrates, and (*) Plato are some of themany philosophers depicted in, for 10 points, what fresco of a namesake Greek city by Raphael?
The ratio between this quantity in a given material and in a vacuum is that material's index ofrefraction. Cherenkov radiation can be produced when particles exceed this value in a certainmaterial, and tachyons are (*) hypothetical particles that could exceed this value. For 10 points, name this"universal speed limit" equal to about 300,000 kilometers per second and symbolized c.
In this novel, a marriage proposal from St. John (sin-jin) Rivers is rejected. In this book, GracePoole cares for the insane Bertha Mason in Thornfield Hall, which Bertha burns down. The titlecharacter declares "Reader, I (*) married him" at the beginning of the final chapter of this novel. Mr.Rochester marries the title character of, for 10 points, what Charlotte Brontë novel?
Mozart owned one of these instruments made by Anton Walter that had levers operated by theplayer's knees. Unlike a harpsichord, which this instrument replaced, this instrument has malletswhich strike its strings. The left una corda (*) pedal on this instrument makes it softer, and its damperpedal causes notes to be sustained longer. For 10 points, what instrument has 88 keys which are white andblack?
A company founded by this man has lobbied extensively to extend copyright protection to avoid hisworks entering the public domain. This man's brother Roy changed his unfinished design for afuturistic city, (*) EPCOT, into a theme park. The Magic Kingdom is part of a resort named for this man inOrlando. For 10 points, what animator's namesake company produces cartoons featuring Mickey Mouse?
[10] Name this Egyptian god who piloted the solar barque and fought the serpent Apep.
[10] Ra was also sometimes fused with this other falcon-headed deity, the rival of Set.
[10] One of these body parts belonging to Horus was a common protective symbol in Ancient Egypt. In Greek mythology, Argus Panoptes was a giant who had a hundred of these body parts.
[10] Identify this Indian religion whose five vows include ahimsa, or nonviolence. They believe that the last tirthankara, Mahavira, achieved salvation around 2500 years ago.
[10] The doctrine of ahimsa leads most Jains to follow this sort of dietary restriction in order to avoid committing violence against animals.
[10] Monks belonging to the Digambara, or "sky-clad", sect of Jainism generally dress in this manner. Jews are required to dress in this manner before entering a ritual bath, and many paintings of the Garden of Eden use strategically-placed fig leaves to hide the fact that Adam and Eve dressed in this manner.
[10] He was the lead prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey trial, which concerned John Scopes having allegedly taught this theory in school. This biological theory is opposed to creationism or intelligent design.
[10] Bryan later served as Secretary of State under this president. This president won reelection in 1916 using the slogan "He kept us out of war".
[10] Bryan is probably best known for giving a speech in which he defended bimetallism and which he ended by declaring "you shall not crucify mankind upon" one of these specific objects, for which the speech is named.
[10] Name these beings. In his short story "Runaround", sci-fi writer Isaac Asimov devised a set of "Three Laws" governing these beings.
[10] This author depicted Marvin the Paranoid Android alongside Zaphod Beeblebrox and Ford Prefect in his comedic sci-fi series The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.
[10] In the Hitchhiker’s Guide series, a group of alien robots attack Earth during the Ashes, a match between Australia and England in this sport. Teams compete to score the most runs in this non-baseball sport popular in the Commonwealth.
[10] Name this country where that "hostage crisis" occurred after its Shah, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown in 1979 and replaced by a regime led by Ruhollah Khomeini.
[10] The Iranian Revolution was strongly aligned against this country, using "Death to [this country]" and "Death to Israel" as slogans. This country's embassy was used to hold its diplomats hostage during the revolution despite the efforts of its president, Jimmy Carter, to free them.
[10] Ruhollah Khomeini is generally referred to using this title for high-ranking Shia Muslim clergy with the power to make far-reaching declarations about religious law.
[10] A song on Gojira's The Way of All Flesh is named for a "Toxic [this type of material] Island." A "Great Pacific Patch" of this material lies between Hawaii and California.
[10] In a Gojira song titled for this phenomenon, Joe Duplantier sings "A world is down / And none can rebuild it." This phenomenon has greatly accelerated since the Industrial Revolution due to fossil fuel burning, and it causes ice melting and sea level rise, among other things.
[10] Gojira is from this country, as is a chemist who discovered the vaccines for anthrax and rabies and a 17th century mathematician with a namesake "triangle" of binomial coefficients.
[10] Name this Scott O'Dell book about Karana, a girl left alone in the title place off the California coast after the rest of her tribe sank in a boat while travelling to the mainland.
[10] Karana is a member of this general ethnic group, members of whom often live on reservations in the United States. Subsets of them include the Cherokee and Lakota.
[10] Sherman Alexie, another Native American author, set The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian and Reservation Blues on this state’s Spokane Reservation.
[10] Empedocles proposed that there were four of these things: air, water, earth, and fire. Modern chemists recognize 118 of these, such as hydrogen and bismuth.
[10] Empedocles believed that the elements were controlled by two divine powers, one of which he called Strife and the other one he gave this name. The greek words "eros", "philia", and "agape" all describe different kinds of this emotion.
[10] Empedocles legendarily killed himself in this fashion on Mount Etna, believing that it would prove his immortality to his followers.
[10] Identify this South American country whose capital, Quito, is the second highest in South America at over 9,000 feet above sea level. It is named for the fact that part of it is at 0 degrees latitude.
[10] One of these places in central Quito named for Mariscal Sucre was closed and turned into a large public park in 2013. Chicago is home to two of these places named Midway and O'Hare, which are hubs for Southwest and United respectively.
[10] This other volcano is the highest mountain in Ecuador, and the furthest point from the Earth's center in the world, because of the equatorial bulge.
[10] This composer used a libretto partially written by W. H. Auden in his opera A Rake's Progress. He also composed ballets such as The Firebird and Petrushka.
[10] The poem "I Vow to Thee, My Country" was set to the tune "Thaxted", which was written by Gustav Holst as part of this orchestral suite which included "Mars, the Bringer of War" and "Neptune, the Mystic".
[10] This German composer used a Friedrich Schiller poem in his 9th Symphony. A "short-short-short-long" motif features prominently in the 5th symphony by this composer, who famously went deaf later in his career.
[10] Name this man who accurately explained the orbits of the celestial bodies through the use of his three laws of planetary motion.
[10] Kepler's 2nd law of planetary motion is an application of the conservation of this quantity. The conservation of this quantity explains why figure skaters draw their arms closer to themselves to spin faster.
[10] Kepler's 1st law, meanwhile, states that planets' orbits around the Sun take this shape, which is equivalent to a stretched circle.
[10] Name this adopted son of Julius Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate.
[10] Augustus defeated Marc Antony in this 31 BCE naval battle. Marcus Agrippa commanded the winning side in this battle.
[10] Antony and this woman both committed suicide after the Battle of Actium. This woman was the last queen of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt before it became a Roman province, and she was renowned for her knowledge of many languages.
[10] Name these pieces of infrastructure in a city now called Kaliningrad. Leonhard Euler formulated, and solved negatively, a famous problem asking whether it was possible to cross each of these things exactly once.
[10] The Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem was the first famous problem in a field of math named for these things. Another kind of these things are used to visually represent functions on the Cartesian plane, and advanced calculators are sometimes named for being able to produce these.
[10] The eighth-most famous bridge in mathematics, meanwhile, is the Broom Bridge in Dublin, Ireland, into which W. R. Hamilton carved the formula for multiplying quaternions, an extension of this number system. This set contains both real and imaginary numbers and is symbolized with a double-struck C.
[10] Name this vitamin whose deficiency can inhibit collagen production. It is also known as ascorbic acid.
[10] Insufficient amounts of Vitamin C cause this disease, which was historically a major limiting factor in long-distance travel until it was discovered that products containing Vitamin C prevent it.
[10] The frequency of scurvy among land-dwellers in Europe decreased drastically after the introduction of this tuber from South America rich in Vitamin C.
[10] Name these two states which were admitted as the 39th and 40th states in some order. They share the Standing Rock Indian reservation,
[10] The Dakotas are both crossed by this longest American river, which divides South Dakota into "West River" and "East River" regions and forms North Dakota's Lake Sakakawea. It is named for the central state where it flows into the Mississippi near St. Louis.
[10] The capitals of North and South Dakota both lie on the Missouri River. Name either.
[10] Name this novel in which Sydney Carton takes the place of Charles Darnay.
[10] This British author wrote A Tale of Two Cities. His other characters include Pip Pirrup and Oliver Twist.
[10] Pip is the protagonist of this rags-to-riches Dickens novel, in which he is given a large sum of money by the convict Abel Magwitch.
[10] This quarterback played on the first team in NFL history to score 50 points in a loss when his team lost 51-54 to the Rams. He was named the 2018 NFL MVP and the 2019 Super Bowl MVP after leading his team to defeat the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl LIV (fifty-four).
[10] Mahomes played college football for this Big 12 school nicknamed the Red Raiders. During his junior season, they were the first team in Division I history to score 50 points in a loss twice in the same season, including a 59-66 loss to Oklahoma despite Mahomes’s astonishing 52 for 88 with 734 yards.
[10] Mahomes is the quarterback for this AFC West team, confusingly based in Missouri despite their name. They won Super Bowl LIV and play their home games in Arrowhead Stadium.
[10] Name these holes dug by soldiers for shelter from gunfire. A stalemate occurred in the Western Front of World War I because of a style of warfare named for these structures.
[10] The introduction of these machines ended years of trench warfare in World War I, since they could shield soldiers from gunfire. Types of them such as the Panzer were used heavily in World War II.
[10] Trench warfare in World War I began after this 1914 battle in France, fought at a namesake river. Thousands of Allied soldiers were transported in taxis to this battle, which marked the failure of Germany's Schlieffen Plan.
[10] Name this caustic compound used in a variety of industrial applications, with chemical formula H SO2. 4t can be produced through the contact process.
[10] In the contact process, vanadium pentoxide is used as one of these things, and in ammonia production, iron is used as one of these as well. These things lower the activation energy in reactions.
[10] Sulfuric acid can also be produced in this element's namesake chamber process. This element symbolized Pb is used for protection from X-rays, and many old houses have this element as an ingredient in their paint.
[10] Gunpowder was invented in this country. Other inventions from this East Asian country include paper, printmaking, and the compass.
[10] Gunpowder is made from sulfur, potassium nitrate, and this material that is made from heating wood in a low oxygen environment. When burned, this carbon-based material turns into soot.
[10] Nowadays, gunpowder has become less commonly used due to the invention of high explosives, such as this explosive composed mainly of nitroglycerin and made by Alfred Nobel.