At this battle, William II of the Netherlands suffered a bullet wound and was knocked off his horse at a spot now commemorated by the 140-foot-tall Lion’s Mound. The battles of Ligny [lihn-yee] and Quatre Bras [KAHT-rah brah] were fought two days prior to this battle, where (*) Blucher’s [bloo-ker’s] Prussians broke through the right flank. The Seventh Coalition’s victory in this battle doomed the losing general to exile for the second time. For ten points, name this 1815 battle, the final defeat of Napoleon.
By 2030, half of Vietnam’s farmland may be ruined by an intrusion of this substance. Domes of this substance are often drilled to access trapped oil. Halite is the mineral form of this substance, which is found in large amounts in both the (*) Bonneville Flats and Dead Sea. For ten points, name this substance with an average concentration of 3.5% in seawater, whose chemical name is sodium chloride.
The protagonist of this novel secretly reads The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism in a room above Mr Charrington’s shop while on break from the Ministry of Truth. In this novel, dissident citizens of Airstrip One are sent to (*) Room 101 to be tortured with their worst fear. In this novel, Winston Smith meets with Julia and is arrested for thoughtcrime against Big Brother. For ten points, name this dystopian novel, set in the title year, written by George Orwell.
This piece in D-flat major opens with a softly trilled A-flat before a run of eighth notes. This piece, which is in three-four time, was dedicated to Delfina Potocka, a countess whose small dog enjoyed chasing its (*) tail, inspiring this piece. For ten points, name this piano piece by Frederic Chopin [sho-pan], a waltz whose name doesn’t actually mean it should be played in 60 seconds.
A character in this film “never looks back” because it “distracts from the now,” and mocks supermodels. In this film, the password “KRONOS” is used to discover the secret behind the (*) Omnidroid. This film’s villain, Syndrome, is sucked into a jet engine by his cape, a fashion choice that Edna Mode would never have allowed. A sequel was released in 2018 for, for ten points, what 2004 Pixar film about the Parr family, which includes Elastigirl and other “supers?”
The 1670 work Pensees ´pahn-say] argues in favor of this concept with an example involving a wager, noting that betting against this concept has the possibility of infinite loss. Thomas Aquinas offered five arguments in favor of this concept, which (*) Pascal’s Wager argues rational people should accept. For ten points, name this theological position that is opposed by atheists.
In the Mahabharata, this god gives the Pashupatastra arrow to Arjuna, and he appeared in a pillar of flame as Nataraja. This god drank Halahala and cut off his son’s head while trying to reach his wife, (*) Parvati. Ganesha received the head of an elephant from this god, whose consumption of poison turned his throat blue. For ten points, name this three-eyed Hindu destroyer god, a member of the Trimurti along with Brahma and Vishnu.
Improved precision in measuring the position implies worse precision in measuring this quantity, according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Unlike kinetic energy, this quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic (*) collisions. The recoil of a rifle is a demonstration of, for ten points, what physical quantity, equal to mass times velocity, that describes how much impact a moving body can have in a collision?
This country controlled an island that the Teller Amendment guaranteed would not be annexed by the US. A war against this country was supported by William Randolph Hearst, whose “yellow journalism” blamed the sinking of the USS (*) Maine in Cuba on this country. Teddy Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in an 1898 war against, For ten points, what European country that gave the Philippines and Puerto Rico to the US and whose capital is Madrid?
This short story’s protagonist is told to wear “two or three gorgeous roses” to the Ministry of Education ball, but instead she borrows a decoration from Madame (*) Forestier [foh-ress-tee-AY] that she later discovers is worth only a few francs. For ten points, name this short story by Guy de Maupassant [ghee duh moh-pah-SAWN], in which Mathilde Loisel [mah-TEELD lwah-ZELL] struggles for ten years to replace the title fake piece of jewelry.
In many stories, this man told King Vortigern a story about a pair of sleeping dragons under his castle. This man was credited with using advanced machines to move the rocks of Stonehenge to their current place. This man was trapped in a cave by (*) Nimue after living his life backwards, and he served as an advisor to a “once and future King.” For ten points, name this creator of the Round Table, a famous wizard who served King Arthur.
The symmetric group of this many elements is the smallest that is not a solvable group, a result that inspired the Abel-Ruffini theorem. This is the central number of the only 3-by-3 magic square. There are this many (*) Platonic solids, and there are this many complex solutions to a quintic polynomial. The only odd proper factor of ten is, for ten points, what prime number, the number of sides of a pentagon?
This poet described a time when “the great star early droop’d in the western sky” and a coffin passed “through lanes and streets.” This author addressed the poems “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” and “Oh Captain! My Captain!” to (*) Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American poet who wrote “I celebrate myself and sing myself” in “Song of Myself,” and whose poems were collected in Leaves of Grass.
This man’s second wife, Peggy Shippen, helped him work with John Andre, who was hanged after being caught with letters written by this man. A monument of this man’s (*) boot was built at the site of the Battle of Saratoga, where this man’s efforts went unrewarded. For ten points, name this Revolutionary War general who plotted to betray West Point to the British.
Decline at the apex of these constructs can result in mesopredator release. The ten percent rule explains why these pathways rarely have more than five (*) trophic levels. Primary producers form the base of these pathways, whose links are connected by decomposers. For ten points, name these lists of organisms that show the transfer of matter and energy from plants to herbivores to carnivores.
This empire’s capital city was built south of Tlatelolco [t-lah-tell-ohl-koh] on a small island in Lake Texcoco [tesh-koh-koh]. Pedro de Alvarado helped lead an escape from this empire’s capital city during La Noche Triste [lah noh-chay tree-stay] after his men murdered (*) Montezuma II. Hernan Cortez conquered, For ten points, what empire whose ruined capital of Tenochtitlan was built in what is now Mexico City?
In this story, a man pretending to be the brother of Mustafa the Tailor traps Mustafa’s son in a booby-trapped cavern. A princess in this story is fooled into giving away a magical (*) artifact to a sorcerer who is trying to take possession of a magical creature who grants wishes. For ten points, name this story, a late addition to The One Thousand and One Nights, in which the title man rubs a magical lamp to release a djinn.
This river may originate at the usually-dry Trewsbury Mead, or at a location known as Seven Springs, which would make this river its country’s longest, surpassing the (*) Severn. This river, whose name comes from the Celtic for “dark,” is called the Isis where it flows through Oxford. Tower Bridge crosses this river just east of St. Paul’s Cathedral. For ten points, name this English river that flows through London.
This man’s insistence on a static universe led him to call the cosmological constant his “biggest blunder.” The observation of starlight bending during a solar eclipse validated this man’s concept of (*) spacetime. He received the 1921 Nobel for his work on the photoelectric effect, but was refused the prize for formulating his most famous theory. For ten points, name this scientist who modernized cosmology by incorporating gravity into his theory of general relativity.
This woman is the subject of L.H.O.O.Q. [el-osh-oh-oh-koo], a work in which Marcel Duchamp added a moustache to a postcard of this woman. Overcleaning of a painting of this woman is blamed for her missing (*) eyebrows and the transparency of her delicate black veil. For ten points, name this woman, thought to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, who has an enigmatic smile in a painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
After this god lost a contest to Pan, he gave Midas donkey ears. This god was forced to serve Admetus after killing the cyclopes to avenge his son Asclepius. After (*) Niobe boasted of her seven sons and daughters, Leto sent this god and his sister to kill them all. For ten points, name this lyre-playing Greek god of music and light, the twin brother of Artemis.
This state’s second-largest city is home to the BOK Tower, a half-sized replica of the original World Trade Center twin towers designed by the same firm. This state’s flagship university is in Norman, a suburb of its largest city. The (*) Choctaw Nation is established in the southeast of this state, which was once labeled Indian Territory. For ten points, name this central US state that is home to Tulsa and a prominent panhandle north of Texas.
The dimethyl of this element is a toxin that can penetrate nitrile gloves. The vaccine preservative thimerosal has been banned in some countries for containing this element, which forms amalgams with other metals. A common unit of pressure is (*) millimeters of this element, which was once used in thermometers since it is a liquid at room temperature. For ten points, name this element with symbol Hg that shares its name with the planet closest to the Sun.
A leader of this country visited Roswell Garst’s corn farm in Iowa but wasn’t allowed to tour Disneyland in 1959. Margaret Thatcher praised a leader of this country by saying “We can do business together;” that leader promoted glasnost, a policy of openness, before this country (*) dissolved in 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev and Nikita Khrushchev led, for ten points, what country that fought the Cold War with the US?
In this play, a talkative character who declares that “brevity is the soul of wit” is stabbed through a curtain. A goblet of poisoned wine and a poison-coated sword are prepared for a duel in this play, but end up killing (*) Gertrude and Laertes instead. This play’s protagonist tells Ophelia to “get thee to a nunnery” and vows to get revenge on Claudius for his father’s death in, for ten points, what Shakespeare tragedy about the Prince of Denmark?
This region is paralleled below ground by the andesite line. Subduction of the Juan de Fuca and Nazca plates powers this region’s eastern zone. Both the 1964 Good Friday and 2011 Tohoku quakes occurred in this region, whose Mount (*) Pinatubo and Mount Saint Helens have experienced powerful eruptions. For ten points, name this geologically active region that contains 75% of Earth’s volcanoes and follows the rough outline of the Pacific Ocean.
An artist from this country painted Soft Construction with Boiled Beans. A painting from this country’s civil war depicts a flower growing from a sword and an impaled horse writhing under an (*) eye-shaped lightbulb. A landscape with soft-textured clocks and a depiction of the bombing of Guernica are both from, for ten points, what home country of Salvador Dalı and Pablo Picasso?
In a short story by this author, a smart house cooks and cleans, unaware that its inhabitants have died in a nuclear holocaust. This author of “There Will Come Soft Rains” wrote a novel in which a rulebook tells (*) firement to “start the fire swiftly.” In a novel by this man, Clarisse McClellan’s disappearance makes Guy Montag lose faith in his job as a book burner. For ten points, name this author of Fahrenheit 451.
This woman advised James Montgomery on a raid on the Combahee River. This woman had a prophetic vision of meeting John Brown, who called this woman “General” after they met. This nurse and spy during the (*) Civil War carried a revolver on nearly 20 trips into the American South. “Moses” was the nickname of, for ten points, what conductor of the Underground Railroad, a woman who brought dozens of slaves to freedom?
These shapes are the subject of Book 3 of Euclid’s Elements, whose tenth Proposition notes that two of these shapes cannot intersect at more than two points. Euclid also proposed that a quadrilateral drawn in one of these shapes will have opposite angles that add to (*) 180 degrees. In classical construction, these shapes can be drawn with a compass. For ten points, name this geometric shape whose area is equal to pi times its radius squared.
This position was played by Daniel Carlson and Zane Gonzalez, who were each released after just two games in 2018. Another player at this position, Mason Crosby, failed five times in an October 2018 game. Matt Prater’s (*) 64-yard score is the record best for this position, and Sebastian Janikowski’s 76-yard attempt is the longest miss in NFL history. For ten points, name this football position that is tasked with scoring field goals.
In this city, Timothy Leary first said “Turn on, tune in, drop out” at the Human Be-In. An anarchist group called the Diggers established Free Stores and Medical Clinics in this city’s neighborhood of (*) Haight-Ashbury. The Mamas & The Papas sang a song celebrating this city as a place where people “Wear Flowers in [Their] Hair” in 1967. For ten points, name this California city where the Summer of Love attracted numerous hippies.
An ion consisting of one atom of this element and four oxygen atoms is commonly added to a sugar molecule to start its breakdown, and three copies of that ion are present in ATP, the “currency” of cellular energy transfer. This element, which commonly exists in (*) red and white forms, is found below nitrogen on the periodic table. For ten points, name this chemical element with atomic number 15 and atomic symbol P.
In a story by these writers, a woman asks her husband to make more and more extravagant wishes from a powerful fish. These writers added an ending to another tale in which a huntsman cuts a (*) grandmother and a girl with a red cap out of the belly of a wolf. For ten points, name these German brothers who collected fables like “Hansel and Gretel” and “Little Red Riding Hood.”
According to legend, Artemis was too busy attending the birth of this ruler to stop her temple in Ephesus from burning down. The battles of Issus and Gaugemela were won by this ruler, who built a causeway to attack the island of Tyre and was (*) tutored by Aristotle. Greece, Persia, and much of India was conquered by, for ten points, what “Great” ruler of Macedon who ruled one of the largest empires in ancient history?
Simeon realized he could die in peace while under the influence of this entity, and after Zechariah named John the Baptist, he predicted the coming of Jesus with the power of this entity. This entity appeared as (*) “tongues of fire” and caused the disciples to speak in strange languages during Pentacost, and descended to Jesus “like a dove” during his baptism. For ten points, name this entity that joins the Father and the Son in the Christian Trinity.
In 2008, the recovered text of this scientist’s lost Palimpsest was published. A machine for filling irrigation ditches is known as this man’s (*) screw, and his namesake principle states that the weight of fluid displaced by a body equals the buoyant force acting on it. For ten points, name this Greek mathematician and inventor who stated the law of the lever and famously shouted “Eureka!”
In an opera by Bartok, Judith opens seven doors in one of these locations owned by Duke Bluebeard. In another opera, Tosca sees the death of Cavaradossi from the (*) parapets of one of these structures. Tannhauser inspired King Ludwig II to build one of these buildings called Neuschwanstein [noysh-van-stein]. For ten points, name this building, a common setting of Lohengrin and other medieval-inspired operas.
The Supreme Court ruled that this amendment applied to state governments in Mapp v. Ohio. This amendment specifically names “houses, papers, and effects” as under its protections. This amendment requires probable cause for a specifically-designated (*) warrant to be issued. For ten points, name this Bill of Rights amendment that protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
The narrator of this story stalks a man for eight nights until he hears a “groan of mortal terror.” This story’s narrator claims that he has an “acuteness of the senses” and sensitivity to an old man’s (*) “vulture eye.” The narrator confesses to three policemen because of the sound of “a watch enveloped in cotton” in, for ten points, what short story by Edgar Allan Poe, whose narrator imagines the beating of the title organ under the floorboards?
This religion holds that the Buddha, Mohammad, and Jesus are all manifestations of a single god. For ten points each, Name this off-shoot of Islam founded by the Bab. This religion is led by a ruling body called the Universal House of Justice, and divides a year into nineteen months of nineteen days each.
Followers of Baha’i [bah-hah-ee] believe that neither hell nor this pleasant afterlife have physical locations. Rather, they believe that this location is a spiritual state especially near to God.
Adult Baha’is are required to perform an “obligatory” form of this action once daily while facing the shrine of Baha’u’llah, who wrote the standard text for these religious actions. In Islam, this action is performed while facing the Ka’aba in Mecca.
This short story concludes that “of all who give gifts,” this story’s protagonists “were the wisest.” For ten points each, Name this short story in which Della cuts her hair to buy a chain for her husband, James, only to discover that he has sold his watch to buy a present for her.
In “The Gift of the Magi,” Jim buys these jeweled decorations for Della with the money gained by selling his watch.
“The Gift of the Magi” is a short story by this author, who also wrote “A Retrieved Reformation” and “The Ransom of Red Chief.”
The “Crime of ‘73” ended a policy in which people who owned this commodity could freely have it struck into coins at the Mint. For ten points each, Name this precious metal that bimetallists wanted the US government to use, along with gold, in the minting of coins.
This bimetallist ran for President in 1896, electrifying the audience at the Democratic National Convention with the “Cross of Gold” speech.
The biggest support group for free silver was this class of workers, who hoped that the ensuing inflation would help them pay their debts. The Grange was a fraternal organization of these workers, who fueled the rise of a brief Populist Party in the late 1800s.
Examples of this symbiotic relationship include cattle egrets that feed on insects stirred up by buffalo; and remoras that attach themselves to sharks. For ten points each, Name this symbiotic relationship, in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. Humans have this relationship with eyelash mites, and most bacteria that live on our skin.
About three-fourths of the species in this plant family are commensalists, growing on the branches of trees. More than one hundred thousand varieties of these flowers are raised in greenhouses, including the one that produces vanilla extract.
Thehermit typeofthesecrustaceans actascommensalists by living inside discardedsnail shells. Other commercially harvested species of these include the Dungeness and Alaskan king.
This enormous composite sculpture originally included a depiction of Francesca da Rimini and her lover, Paolo, embracing in The Kiss. For ten points each, Name this massive work depicting scenes from Dante’s Inferno that also contains a smaller version of its sculptor’s work The Thinker.
This artist worked on The Gates of Hell for half of his life. He also sculpted works such as The Walking Man and The Burghers of Calais.
Rodin [roh-DAN] worked primarily by casting sculptures out of this alloy of copper and tin. Critics falsely accused Rodin of casting his intricate sculpture The Age of this material from a living model.
Give the following about the formula for linear equations, “y equals m x plus b,” for ten points each. The m in the formula represents this property of a line, indicating its steepness and direction.
If a line is increasing, m will be this type of number.
information noting that m could be equal to 0) Consider the line with equation “y equals 10 x plus 10.” How many of the four quadrants does the graph of this line pass through?
Speakers at this event included David Hogg, who has been accused of being a “crisis actor,” and Emma Gonzalez, who led a six-minute long moment of silence. For ten points each, Name this March 24, 2018 demonstration and protest against gun violence, led by survivors of a February 2018 school shooting.
Gonzalez and Hogg attended this school, where 17 students and staff were killed in the aforementioned February 2018 attack.
Stoneman Douglas High School is located in this state. In 2016, 49 people were killed in the Pulse nightclub shooting in this state’s city of Orlando.
The owner of one of these animals meets her lover at a performance of The Geisha. For ten points each, Name this animal. In the aforementioned short story, Dmitri Gurov begins an affair with Anna after meeting her in Yalta where she is walking one of these animals, a small Pomeranian.
The Lady with the Lapdog; accept The Lady with the Pet Dog; accept The Lady with the Little Dog; accept Dama s sobachkoy) “The Lady with the Dog” is a short story by this Russian author of plays like Ivanov, Uncle Vanya, and The Seagull.
In this Chekhov play, the title property is chopped down and replaced with cottages by the merchant Lopakhin, who purchases the title grove from Madame Ranevskaya.
The upper hand in this war shifted drastically after a 17-year-old peasant girl with religious visions joined the army in 1429. For ten points each, Name this war between England and France that began in 1337.
In 1429, the French lifted a six-month-long siege of this vital city on the Loire River, preventing the English from taking southern France.
This peasant girl inspired troops at Orleans [ohr-lay-OWN] and led the French to Reims [rehm]. She was captured at Compiegne [com-pee-yen] by the Burgundians and burned at the stake after a show trial.
On National Weather Service maps, two types of these features are marked with lines of blue triangles or red semicircles. For ten points each, Name these boundaries between air masses of different temperature and density. Thunderstorms and other severe weather typically form along one of these boundaries.
Besides fronts, weather maps often show these lines that connect locations of equal air pressure. One of these lines that forms a closed loop can mark a high pressure system.
When a map shows tightly bunched isobars and perpendicular isotherms over land, there is a strong chance one of these rotating storms will form. Many of these occur each year in a namesake alley that stretches from Texas to Minnesota.
Answer the following about the pop culture inspirations of Binging With Babish, a popular YouTube cooking channel starring Andrew Rea [ray], for ten points each. In the most popular video on the channel, Rea makes a Krabby Patty, as made by this yellow Nickelodeon character on his namesake show. He accurately complains that putting the lettuce directly above the meat patty is a terrible idea.
On another episode, Rea makes congee [con-jee], a rice porridge. The congee is topped with eggs and bacon in the shape of a smiley face, the way the dragon Mushu makes it in this 1998 Disney film.
Another episode explains how to make this rosewater-flavored confection, which is offered by the White Witch in the Chronicles of Narnia and “tastes like potpourri,” according to the video.
The prologue of this collection claims that April is when people long to go on pilgrimages and come from every part of England to seek the “holy blissful martyr.” For ten points each, Name this collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims, including a Knight and a Nun, as they stop at the Tabard Inn on the way to the grave of a famous archbishop, written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
In the Canterbury Tales, this frequently-married woman with a gap in her front teeth tells a story in which Queen Guinevere sends a knight to find what women most desire.
In this man’s story, an old carpenter is tricked by his young wife, Alison, and a pair of clerks named Nicholas and Absolon.
Answer these questions about some physical properties used as identifiers in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, for ten points each. One column in the table of physical constants lists this property, which is defined as a substance’s ratio of mass to volume. Ice has a value of 0.92 grams per cubic centimeter for this property, allowing it to float in liquid water.
While many descriptions of the non-metal elements include the term brittle, most metals are described by this word, which means they can be hammered into thin sheets.
The Handbook’s table of thermodynamic properties includes this one defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Gold has a very low value for this property while liquid water has a value above four.
Answer the following about geographic landmarks in California, for ten points each. This valley of the Mojave Desert reaches nearly 300 feet below sea level at Badwater Basin. Its Furnace Creek set the American record for hottest air temperature in 1913.
Less than 100 miles away from Death Valley is this tallest mountain in the lower 48 states. The John Muir Trail, named for a 20th-century conservationist, ends at this peak’s summit.
The John Muir Trail winds through this mountain range, passing through the Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. Only a small portion of this range called the Carson Spur is found outside California.
This form evolved from the ricercar [REE-cher-kar], and it is often contrasted with the simpler canon. For ten points each, Name this contrapuntal style in which voices repeat and embellish on a central theme. In each set of The Well- Tempered Clavier, twenty-four pieces in this style are paired with twenty-four preludes.
This Baroque composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier showed his mastery of the fugue [fyoog] in an unfinished Art of the Fugue. He also wrote 6 Brandenburg Concertos and was the father of several notable composers.
Some of Bach’s fugues, such as the Little Fugue in G minor and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, were written for this massive pipe instrument usually found in churches.
The original form of this document listed 16 articles, which became condensed and contracted into 12 articles by its 1789 approval by Congress. For ten points each, Name this document. Ten of its articles were ratified and applied to the US Constitution in 1791 as the first amendments.
This Founding Father was elected to the first Congress after pledging to introduce a Bill of Rights, which he drafted and presented to the House.
The first two of the 12 original articles were not ratified by the states by 1791 and did not make it into the Constitution as part of the Bill of Rights. Article 1 provided formulas for calculating Congressional apportionment and is still technically pending before the states, and Article 2 concerned Congressional pay raises and ultimately became this amendment in 1992.
Answer the following about very different mythological weavers, for ten points each. Name this Greek woman who foolishly challenged Athena to a weaving contest. Her pride was well-placed, as she easily bested the goddess, but she was turned into a spider nonetheless.
In this country’s folklore, the Jade Emperor prevented his daughter, the Goddess Weaver, from returning to Earth to meet her husband by creating the Milky Way. Later, he took pity on her and allowed her to see her husband on the seventh day of the lunar calendar.
The Egyptian goddess Neith wove the fabric of the world every day, but broke the mold of a peaceful weaver by also being a god of this type. In her role as a god of this type she produced weapons and guarded the bodies of dead warriors.
For ten points each, give the following the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi [why-tahn-gee]. The treaty was written by British colonizers and purposefully mistranslated when described to leaders of this ethnic group, which didn’t intend to give up all sovereignty to the British. Western contact with these people led to a period of infighting called the Musket Wars.
The Maori were forced to give up their land rights in what is now this country. Like the Aborigines in Australia to the west, the Maori people had been native to this country for centuries before Western contact.
The physical document of the Treaty of Waitangi is held in New Zealand’s National Library in this capital city on the North Island.
In a novel by this author, a group of squirrels decide that Veruca is a bad nut and throw her down a trash chute in a candy factory. For ten points each, Name this author of bizarre children’s books like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
In this Roald Dahl novel, the title orphan flies away from his awful aunts in a huge piece of fruit, accompanied by a grasshopper, a centipede, a worm, a spider, a ladybug, and a silkworm.
In this other animal-themed book by Roald Dahl, the title character creates an underground society by stealing from farmers Boggis, Bunce, and Bean.
Accurate dating of Stone Age artifacts is possible because this value is equal to 5,730 years for the carbon-14 isotope. For ten points each, Identify this quantity, the average time needed for fifty percent of a radioactive sample to decay into a new element. This quantity is 4.5 billion years for uranium-238.
Carbon-14 undergoes this type of radioactive decay, in which an electron is emitted while a neutron is converted into a proton.
One famous example of radioactive dating in archaeology involves this Italian relic of the Roman Catholic Church. It shows the face and body of a buried man believed by some to be Jesus, but radiocarbon tests only date this item to the fourteenth century.
Answer the following about two similarly named but very different novels, for ten points each. Name either the novel about Griffin, a scientist who creates a serum that makes him disappear, or the novel about an unnamed African-American narrator who feels unseen by society. The only difference between the two books’ titles is the first article.
The Invisible Man is by H.G. Wells, but Invisible Man is by this African-American author, who also wrote Juneteenth.
Although Ralph Ellison’s work isn’t typically classified as part of this region’s Renaissance, he lived and worked in this New York neighborhood, where he set much of Invisible Man.
Frederick Sanger is the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, both of which were for determining the sequence of biomolecules. Answer these questions about his work, for ten points each. Sanger’s first Nobel Prize was awarded for finding the complete amino acid sequence of this hormone produced in the beta cells of the pancreas. Type one diabetics must take injections of this hormone to regulate their blood sugar.
Sanger’s second Nobel Prize was for his method of sequencing these building blocks of DNA. Each of these molecules consists of a sugar, phosphate, and base.
The Sanger method of nucleotide sequencing eventually made possible this three billion dollar project that determined all base pairs in the 46 chromosomes of Homo sapiens. This project’s initial report was published in 2001 and made free to the public.
The writers of this question are not lawyers, so we strongly advise you to not treat the information in this bonus about legal defenses as official legal advice. For ten points each, American court cases can be decided in a bench trial, in which the judge renders the verdict, or in a trial decided by one of these groups of people. Most criminal cases have 12 people, plus some alternates, in this group.
The M’Naughten test, named for the attempted assassin of Robert Peel, is used to determine whether a defendant can claim this defense, which is used to explain why the defendant was not responsible for their actions.
This Constitutional amendment protects defendants from double jeopardy, or from being put on trial for the same offense twice.
Beethoven claimed to see a “spark of divine genius” within this composer, whose Symphony No. 4 is sometimes called his Tragic Symphony. For ten points each, Name this Austrian composer who, despite dying at the age of 31, wrote 9 symphonies including the Little C Major, the Great C Major, and a famous Unfinished eighth symphony.
Franz Schubert also wrote over 15 works, including Death and the Maiden, for string quartet, an ensemble including a viola, a cello, and two of these string instruments.
Schubert’s “Death and the Maiden” string quartet was inspired by a lied [leed] he had written three years earlier. Lieder are German songs most commonly set for one of these musicians and a piano accompanist.
This city-state’s agoge [uh-goh-gay] system trained young men for battle and inclusion in society; the training was successful enough that this city-state went without walls. For ten points each, Name this highly militaristic ancient Greek city-state that lost 300 warriors in a mountain pass at Thermopylae in 480 BCE.
The main Spartan force was not available for combat at Thermopylae, but Sparta did send an advance guard of 300 men under this king, who died with his men after a three-day battle.
Leonidas’ 300 Spartans were defeated by this empire’s much larger force: over 2 million troops if you believe Herodotus, which scholars don’t. Xerxes [zerk-zees] led this empire against the Greeks, but was defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis.
Attempts to keep this drink’s price down included stocking vending machines with a few randomly empty bottles and asking the US Mint to create a 7.5 cent coin. For ten points each, Name this drink, which was sold for five cents for roughly seventy years. This drink’s biggest rival claims it tastes better in blind taste tests known as the “Pepsi Challenge.”
Some conspiracy theorists believe that Coca-Cola introduced this drink in 1985 just so that they could enjoy a sales boost when they re-introduced “Coca-Cola Classic.”
Other conspiracy theorists believe that the New Coke plan was a gambit to switch the Coke formula from cane sugar to this cheaper sweetener, which has a four-letter acronym.
This novel is one of its author’s Voyages extraordinaires [voh-YAHJ ex-tra-or-dee-NAYR], a series of early science fiction adventure novels that explore the furthest reaches of the Earth. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Professor Otto Lidenbrock leads an expedition through a volcano and into a series of undiscovered caverns, where he finds a hidden world of giants and dinosaurs deep underground.
centre de la Terre) In Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Lidenbrock’s expedition begins at the Snaefell volcano in this Nordic country. This country is the home of Hans Bjelke [Hans b-YELL-kuh], Professor Lidenbrock’s guide.
This early French science fiction author’s adventure novels include Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
This physics principle explains why a narrowing of the carotid artery will lead to a drop in blood pressure. For ten points each, Name this principle which states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure it exerts decreases. This effect also explains why the high winds of a hurricane can cause a roof to be lifted off by the higher pressure inside the house.
Bernoulli’s equation can be determined from the fact that as an ideal fluid moves through a tube, the sum of potential energy and this form of energy must be constant. This energy of motion is often given by the formula “one-half times mass times velocity squared.”
One important application of Bernoulli’s principle is the design of wings for these vehicles. Because air travels faster over the top of the wing, lift is generated, which allows these vehicles to fly.
For ten points each, name the following cash crops of the American South. Pro-secession politicians argued that the South could stand on its own because its slaves provided this “King” crop, which was necessary for the North’s textile industry to function.
John Rolfe developed the Orinoco strain of this crop, which he grew in the Virginia colony at the start of the 17th century. It became the backbone of the Virginian economy.
Plantations in South Carolina, such as those owned by the Pinckney family, grew this crop that can be processed into a blue dye.
The holder of this position is also the Bishop of Rome. For ten points each, Name this leader of the Vatican and the Holy See. This position, currently held by Francis, is the head of the Catholic Church.
The Pope is elected by a conclave of these church leaders, known for their red vestments.
After this event, a Pope is tapped on the head three times with a silver hammer while being called by their birth name. This event is confirmed by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church who claims the Ring of the Fisherman until it is destroyed.
Low-quality telescope lenses probably explain why some astronomers saw crisscrossing canals on this planet for more than thirty years. For ten points each, Name this outermost of the Solar System’s rocky planets, known for its red color.
Larger in area than the state of Arizona, this volcano on Mars is the biggest in the Solar System. Its summit reaches a height of sixteen miles.
The lowest point on Mars is found within this impact crater in the southern hemisphere. Atmospheric pressure is so great at the bottom of this crater it could potentially hold liquid water.
Falsely accused French traitor Alfred Dreyfus was imprisoned on Devil’s Island off the coast of what is now this country. For ten points each, Name this South American departement of France, the easternmost of three small countries on the northern border of Brazil.
The three countries of the Guiana region were each colonized by different European powers; French Guiana is directly east of this former Dutch colony whose capital is Paramaribo.
In 1964, France chose the district of Kourou in French Guiana as their location to perform this action. The decision was based on its proximity to the equator and its expanse of open water to the east, the same reasons why the US picked Cape Canaveral in Florida for this purpose.
A military operation in this country called Operation Eagle Claw was authorized only when Secretary of State Cyrus Vance took a brief vacation and was not present to oppose the plan. For ten points each, Name this country that took 52 Americans hostage in 1979 and released them moments after Ronald Reagan was sworn in as President in 1981.
This US President from Georgia was unable to resolve the Iran hostage crisis, either with Operation Eagle Claw or diplomatic measures.
Vance supported diplomatic talks with Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the Supreme Leader of Iran a month after the hostages were taken. Khomeini held this religious title, which means “Sign of God” in Arabic.
This term, which can also apply to functions and polynomials, is called the multiplicative inverse when it describes a real number. For ten points each, Give this mathematical term for a number found by taking one divided by an original number. For the number four, this number is one-fourth.
Zero has no reciprocal, because division by zero is undefined. There are two numbers that are their own reciprocals; name both.
only one number is given) This positive number is approximately equal to 1.618, and is exactly equal to one plus this number’s reciprocal.
This poet wrote “my [love] is like a red, red rose” and a poem about a drunk man who interrupts a witches’ sabbath. For ten points each, Name this poet of “Tam o’Shanter” and “Auld Lang Syne.”
Burns wrote a poem that says that the “best laid schemes of” these animal “and men / gang aft agley” [gong oft ah-glay]. The poem describes the panic that this tiny rodent feels when her home is destroyed by a plow.
Many of Robert Burns’s poems, such as “Auld Lang Syne” and “Tam o’Shanter,” are written to reflect the speech patterns of people with this home nationality of Burns, who himself lived slightly south of Glasgow and Edinburgh.
This artist sculpted a penitent Mary Magdalene entirely from wood. For ten points each, Name this sculptor of The Feast of Herod and Gattamelata, who also created the first free-standing bronze sculpture since antiquity.
The aforementioned free-standing bronze sculpture depicts this biblical figure wearing a wide-brimmed hat and smiling as he stands over the severed head of his foe, Goliath.
Donatello used marble to sculpt this bald prophet so realistically that Donatello is said to have commanded it to speak. Because of its bald head, Donatello’s statue of this man is nicknamed “Zuccone” or “pumpkin.”
This ruler underwent a campaign of “burning the books and burying the scholars” to suppress Confucianism and unified the various sections in a single Great Wall of China. For ten points each, Name this ancient Chinese ruler whose mausoleum in Shaanxi [shahn-she] became an archaeological find in 1974.
Qin Shi Huang [chin she hwahng] was buried with an army of thousands of sculptures made of this material.
When the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang was discovered in the 20th century, archaeologists studied the soil to verify Sima Qian’s [seema chee-an’s] account that the tomb included rivers of this liquid metal.
This author used the pen name “Jonathan Oldstyle” to write a collection of critical letters, and published the satirical periodical Salmagundi under the pen name “Launcelot Langstaff.” For ten points each, Name this early American author, who used yet another pen name to write The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, a collection of short stories that includes “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon includes this short story, supposedly written by historian Diedrich Knickerbocker, yet another pen name of Irving’s. In this story, the title Dutch settler wakes up from a twenty-year nap in the mountains of New York to discover that he slept through the American Revolution.
Instead of using his real name, Irving credited this collection of stories to “the author of the Sketch Book.” This book includes folk tales and essays about Irving’s travels in Spain, and is named for a castle near Granada. ANSWER:TalesoftheAlhambra(acceptTheAlhambra:aseriesoftalesandsketchesoftheMoorsandSpaniards) (19) Answer the following about the reaction between silver nitrate and potassium phosphate in water, for ten points each. Two products, silver phosphate and potassium nitrate, will form because both reactants have a high value for this constant in water. Silver nitrate’s value for this constant equals the concentration of silver cations times the concentration of nitrate anions.
These creatures were tasked by Zeus to destroy Phineus’s food to punish him for revealing a prophecy given by Zeus. For ten points each, Name these half-bird, half-woman creatures from Greek mythology. These creatures, when not serving as the “hounds of Zeus,” regularly carried off evildoers to the Erinyes.
The harpies would have continued harassing Phineus, likely to the end of time, if it wasn’t for the intervention of this leader of the Argonauts. Phineus thanked this man by telling him how to get past the Symplegades, which allowed this man to continue his quest for the Golden Fleece.
In some stories, Jason also needed the help of Calais and Zetes, the sons of a god of this specific phenomenon. Boreas, the bringer of winter, was a god of this specific phenomenon.