Three days before this battle, a skirmish at Blackburn’s Ford gave Jubal Early’s men crucial experience. This battle ended with the “Great Skedaddle,” when civilian picnickers fled home in a panic after an expected easy victory finished instead as a loss. Irvin McDowell was routed in this battle, where Thomas Jackson earned the (*) nickname “Stonewall.” The Battle of Fort Sumter was three months before, for ten points, what July 21, 1861 battle, the first major battle of the Civil War?
For the mixing of an ideal solution, this quantity is zero, and it is constant in a Joule-Thomson process. At constant pressure, the derivative of this quantity with respect to temperature yields heat capacity. According to (*) Hess’s law, the change in this quantity for a reaction is independent of the number of steps. This quantity is negative for an exothermic reaction. For ten points, name this state function symbolized H, the total heat content of a system.
This novel’s protagonist is told not to judge a book by its cover by Simmons, Harris, and the other members of Granger’s gang after the Reverend Padover makes him a “backup Ecclesiastes.” In this novel, a (*) Salamander driven by Captain Beatty stops at the protagonist’s house when Mildred reports her husband for possessing literature. The fireman Guy Montag burns books in, for ten points, what novel by Ray Bradbury whose title refers to the temperature at which paper supposedly auto-ignites?
In an open letter celebrating the release of this album’s title track, its artist said “i know we promised to die with the secret.” Nike sued MSCHF [“mischief”] over sneakers painted with ink supposedly mixed with (*) human blood; six hundred sixty-six pairs of those sneakers were made to promote this album. The singles “Sun Goes Down” and “Industry Baby” appear on, for ten points, what 2021 album whose title track, subtitled “Call Me By Your Name,” was the second number one hit for Lil Nas X?
The Irish bodhran [BAW-rawn] is a non-standard instrument from this section, which makes up most of an Indonesian gamelan orchestra. This section plays an ostinato throughout Ravel’s Bolero, and wa´ expanded in Gershwin’s An American in Paris to imitate the sound of (*) taxi horns. In a concert band, this section can include “pitched” instruments like crotales, castanets, and, controversially, the piano. For ten points, name this group of instruments, including tambourines, xylophones, and snares, which are played by hitting them.
This mythical man’s only surviving son, Thessalus, became king of Ialcus. When this man tried to marry a princess of Corinth, both his fiancee and his children were killed by his abandoned first wife, the sorceress (*) Medea. On his most famous quest, this hero led a group that included Atalanta, Heracles, and Orpheus, who helped this man’s crew by playing his lyre to drown out the Sirens. For ten points, name this captain of the Argo who sought the Golden Fleece.
After becoming a king in this poem, the son of Weohstan [way-oh-stan] rages at other warriors for failing to defend their previous king. In this poem, Unferth mocks a visiting warrior over his swimming match with Breca, but lends him the sword (*) Hrunting for a battle with an underwater monster. This poem’s title man rips off the arm of a creature that terrorizes the mead-hall Heorot [hay-oh-roht], and dies fighting a dragon with Wiglaf. For ten points, name this Old English epic poem about a Geatish [“gate”-ish] hero who kills Grendel.
This psychologist contrasted Todestreibe [TOH-des-TRY-buh], the “death drive,” with libido in an essay, and described wish-fulfilling fantasies in the case study “Irma’s Injection.” This author of Beyond the Pleasure Principle proposed the existence of a (*) “super-ego” that mediates the reasoning “ego” and the instinctive “id,” and described a condition in which a man is attracted to women who are like his mother as the “Oedipus complex.” For ten points, name this Austrian psycho-analyst who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams.
This university is home to the Whiffenpoofs, the oldest collegiate a cappella group in the US. Walter Camp, a rugby player for this university, created American football. Former president William Howard Taft and both presidents Bush were members of a (*) secret society at this school that meets in “The Tomb,” the Skull and Bones Society. This university is located near Long Island Sound in New Haven, Connecticut. For ten points, name this Ivy League university that rivals Harvard.
While determining the “affinity to caloric” of gases, this scientist derived an equation relating specific heats to numbers of particles in a reaction. This scientist proved the correct formula for water, and because of his namesake law, (*) twenty-two-point-four liters is the molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure. The term molecule was coined by, for ten points, which Italian scientist whose namesake number is about 23 6.02 x 10 [six point zero two times ten to the twenty-third]?
Followers of this religion can place a “gad” on themselves to request a spirit’s protection. Marie Laveau was a mambo and one of this religion’s fifteen “Queens,” who led a branch of this religion in (*) New Orleans. Spirits in this religion, called lwa [luh-WAH], include Baron Samedi and Papa Legba, who is associated with the Catholic Saint Peter. For ten points, name this Haitian syncretic religion whose namesake dolls are used for healing and communication with the deceased.
Installations by this artist include a set of pillow-like, metallic Silver Clouds and a set of inked wooden blocks representing Mott’s Apple Juice and Brillo Boxes. This artist worked with his namesake “Superstars” to create films like Chelsea Girls in his studio, The (*) Factory, and he used silk-screen printing to create re-colored images of Queen Elizabeth II and Mao Zedong. For ten points, name this American pop artist who made mass-produced images of Marilyn Monroe and Campbell’s Soup Cans.
This country’s secret police, SAVAK, was blamed for the Cinema Rex fire, which killed hundreds of people in 1979. A year earlier, dozens of people were killed in this country’s Jaleh Square on “Black Friday” by the forces of Reza Pahlavi, who was forced into exile after the rise of (*) Ayatollah Khomeini [ah-yah-toh-lah koh-may-nee] in an Islamic Revolution. A leader called a “Shah” once led, for ten points, what Asian country where over fifty Americans were taken hostage for four hundred forty-four days in Tehran?
The red clump on this diagram is caused by helium flash, and its “instability strip” includes Cepheid variables [seh-fee-id variables]. A color-magnitude chart is one version of this diagram, whose Hayashi track contains pre- (*) and main-sequence objects. Super-giants are found along this diagram’s top, and white dwarfs form a band at the bottom. For ten points, identify this diagram, named for two astronomers, that shows the relationship between a star’s luminosity and temperature.
A character in this novel who lives inside of an elephant statue is killed while collecting ammunition, and is named Gavroche. In this novel, the only surviving Friend of the ABC, Marius, marries a girl whose mother sells her front teeth to pay the (*) Thenardier [teh-nar-dee-ay] family. In this novel, Cosette is taken in by a man who spends nineteen years in prison for stealing a loaf of bread. For ten points, name this novel in which Inspector Javert pursues the convict Jean Valjean, written by Victor Hugo.
Successive versions of this type of function are known as jerk, snap, crackle, and pop. This function is typically defined using the limit of a difference quotient, and when working with polynomials, the power rule and (*) chain rule are commonly used to find this type of function. The slope at a point on a curved line can be calculated using this function. The notation “f prime of x” is used to denote, for ten points, what type of function from calculus that is the opposite of an integral?
The last remaining structure of this city’s 1915 World’s Fair is the Palace of Fine Arts. This city’s “painted ladies” are Victorian houses repainted in modern colors. The northern tip of this city is home to Ghirardelli Square and (*) Fisherman’s Wharf. The Haight-Ashbury neighborhood in this city was the birthplace of the “Summer of Love.” The largest Chinatown outside of Asia is in, for ten points, what California city that is home to the Golden Gate Bridge?
The Shine-Delgarno sequence initiates this process in prokaryotes, and tetra-cycline antibiotics inhibit this process by targeting the thirty-S subunit. An amino-acyl synthe-tase enzyme charges the (*) tRNAs needed for this process, and a transferase enzyme makes new peptide bonds between the A and P sites during it. The codon A-U-G marks the start of, for ten points, what process that scans mRNA to assemble a protein at a ribosome?
A lullaby in this story collection warns “summer gales and Killer Whales / are bad for baby seals,” and is set in the Bering Sea. “The White Seal” is in this collection, in which Nag and Nagaina are killed by (*) Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, a mongoose. Shere Khan, a tiger, is killed in this book by a student of the wise bear Baloo and the panther Bagheera. For ten points, name this collection of stories about the “man-cub” Mowgli and his animal friends, written by Rudyard Kipling.
Each of the two Jelling [“yelling”] stones was raised by a king of these people, Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth. These people attacked monasteries in places like Lindisfarne in 793, and they encountered “skraelings” in (*) Vinland during the expedition of Leif Eriksson. The “Great Heathen Army” was made up of, for ten points, what seagoing Germanic people who often decorated their ships with dragon heads, but did not actually wear horned helmets?
About one-third of the total production of this molecule is used to power a cell’s sodium-potassium pumps. For ten points each, Name this molecule, the “energy currency” of cells, produced by synthase enzymes in membranes of mitochondria.
ATP generation in mitochondria is accompanied by the release of six molecules of this waste gas for every glucose sugar consumed.
Most of the carbon dioxide is generated during this phase of cellular respiration in which acetyl-CoA [ah-see-tull coh-ay] is changed into molecules like succinate and fumarate, and the co-enzyme NADH is formed.
In this man’s “Letter from Jamaica,” he called upon European nations to aid in the fight for Latin American independence. For ten points each, Name this revolutionary leader who was known as “The Liberator” in much of South America. This man served as president of the independent state of Gran Colombia from 1819 to 1830.
Gran Colombia extended into this modern South American country. Bolıvar convened the Guayaquil Conference in a port city in this country southwest of its capital, Quito.
On June 15, 1813, Bolıvar issued a Decree proclaiming this violent end against the Spanish in South America. This decree guaranteed no harm would come to anyone who murdered a Spaniard or had previously done so.
In this play, Beneatha is criticized for straightening her hair, and is courted by George Murchinson and Joseph Asagai. For ten points each, Name this play by Lorraine Hansberry in which the Younger family move to an all-white neighborhood in Chicago.
A Raisin in the Sun takes its title from a Langston Hughes poem that asks “what happens to” one of these things “deferred.”
The poem “A Dream Deferred” is sometimes titled for this New York neighborhood. Hansberry and Hughes were part of a mid-twentieth-century “Renaissance” of Black art that was named for this neighborhood.
Answer these questions about the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, for ten points each. The angel Moroni delivered the location of this holy text, originally written in “reformed Egyptian,” to the founder of the LDS Church
The Latter Day Saint movement was founded in New York by this first leader of the church, who recorded the Book of Mormon.
Joseph Smith discovered the original text for the Book of Mormon on these objects, which he claimed to have found in the Hill Cumorah.
This man remarked on his friendship with Ulysses S. Grant, “He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always.” For ten points each, Name this Union general who, with Grant, captured the city of Vicksburg in 1863. The following year, this man embarked on a “March to the Sea.”
Sherman’s March to the Sea was a scorched earth campaign through this state. The march began in Atlanta and ended with the capture of this state’s port city of Savannah just before Christmas 1864.
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta just before the March to the Sea was perfectly timed to help Lincoln defeat this Democrat in the 1864 election.
This mathematical sequence was inspired by a model of rabbit population growth. For ten points each, Name this sequence that begins “one, one, two, three, five,” and continues to find each successive term by adding the two preceding terms.
The largest of this type of number in the Fibonacci sequence is its twelfth term, one hundred forty-four. The first five of these numbers are one, four, nine, sixteen, and twenty-five.
As the Fibonacci sequence goes on, the multiplicative ratio between each set of two consecutive terms approaches this value. This number, symbolized phi [fee], is equal to one plus its reciprocal.
Give the following about Belgian involvement in World War II, for ten points each. Belgium took this non-confrontational stance at the outbreak of World War II, as did Switzerland.
After the surrender of Belgium in 1940, the Belgian government evacuated from this capital city to form a government-in-exile in London.
The invasion of Belgium by German forces was part of their plan to bypass this series of fortifications on the Franco-German border.
Benjamin Franklin charted one of these phenomena in 1769 to explain why it took British ships several weeks longer to sail to New York than for American ships to sail to London. For ten points each, Name this type of oceanic movement. Franklin studied one of these called the Gulf Stream that carries warm water up the Eastern Seaboard before heading across the North Atlantic.
The Gulf Stream defines the western boundary of one of these large, circular ocean currents called the “North Atlantic” one. The “North Pacific” one of these contains the Great Garbage Patch.
The North Atlantic gyre experiences periodic oscillations similar to this South Pacific phenomenon with a masculine Spanish name. This climate event brings wet weather to South America and drought to Southeast Asia.
Answer the following about Frank Gehry, a Canadian-American architect who designed the “Dancing House” in Prague and the BP Pedestrian Bridge in Chicago’s Millennium Park, for ten points each. The Millennium Park in Chicago also contains another work by Gehry: a curved-sheet-metal pavilion named for this entrepreneur, the uncle of the current governor of Illinois.
not accept or prompt on “J.B. Pritzker” or “Jay Robert Pritzker”) Gehry also used curved sheets of metal to create a Los Angeles concert hall named for this California-based animation mogul.
Curved sheets of metal feature prominently in Gehry’s design for a Bilbao art museum named for this art collector. Frank Lloyd Wright designed an “inverted ziggurat” for an art museum in New York named for this man.
In a book about this event, Madame Schachter is beaten when she says she can see “flames” in a train crowded with Jewish people. For ten points each, Name this historical event during which Eliezer is transported with Madame Schachter to the Birkenau concentration camp.
Hitler”) Madame Schachter and Eliezer appear in this book by Elie Wiesel, based on his own experience in the Holocaust. Wiesel wrote about his life after the Holocaust in this book’s sequels, Dawn and Day.
Like Madame Schachter, this man is considered an “unheeded witness” in Night. This man escapes a Gestapo massacre, but his warnings about their atrocities are ignored by Eliezer’s community.
Name some members of the “Twenty-Seven Club,” a group of musicians nicknamed for their tragically early deaths, for ten points each. This guitarist died in 1970, after he wrote and recorded “Purple Haze” and played a heavily-distorted version of “The Star-Spangled Banner” at Woodstock.
This grunge star wrote songs like “Heart-Shaped Box,” “Come As You Are,” and “Smells Like Teen Spirit” for Nirvana before his 1994 death.
This singer won five Grammys for her 2006 album Back to Black, including Song of the Year for “Rehab.” After her 2011 death, a statue was erected in London in her honor.
To celebrate your eighteenth birthday, you’ve decided to go skydiving. Answer these questions about the physics of jumping out of an airplane, for ten points each. After initially accelerating towards the Earth, you will reach approximately fifty-five meters per second, the value for this maximum condition beyond which you will no longer gain speed.
Terminal velocity is the result of this force of air resistance that, like friction, opposes your motion. The field of aerodynamics is concerned with reducing this force on aircraft.
As you plummet towards Earth, the Earth experiences a negligible acceleration towards you because of this law of motion, in which you and the Earth form an action-reaction pair.
In this play, King Claudius convinces Laertes [lah-YER-teez] to duel the title man to the death. For ten points each, Name this Shakespeare play about the title prince of Denmark.
Hamlet plans to kill Claudius to avenge this crime, which Claudius had committed against Hamlet’s father before claiming the throne for himself.
While investigating his father’s murder, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius, the father of Laertes and this woman. This woman is driven mad by her father’s death and ultimately drowns herself.
Since 2012, part of this body of water has been officially defined by a bordering nation as the “West Philippine Sea.” For ten points each, Name this sea, a section of the Pacific Ocean, where the Nine-Dash Line marks a major territory claim.
The Nine-Dash Line marks a Chinese territory claim in the South China Sea. The claim includes a set of artificial islands, nicknamed the “Great Wall of Sand,” built on these natural, coral structures.
The Nine-Dash Line was originally claimed in the 1940s by the government of what is now this country, which is governed from Taipei.
A dock-worker named Crown murders Robbins, and is later killed by one of this opera’s title characters. For ten points each, Name this opera in which Clara sings the lullaby “Summertime” to her baby in Catfish Row.
This twentieth-century American composer worked with his brother, a lyricist named Ira, to write Porgy and Bess and popular songs like “Embraceable You” and “I Got Rhythm.”
Without his brother, George Gershwin composed a jazz-influenced Rhapsody in this color. A musical genre named for this color often uses melancholy lyrics and a shuffling, “swung” rhythm.
It’s time to perform that classic of the high school chemistry lab: coffee cup calorimetry. Answer these questions about the process, for ten points each. By measuring the temperature change when a known mass of ice liquefies in water, you can calculate this quantity, the energy needed per unit mass for melting.
fusion; prompt on “enthalpy of transition”) Depending on the lab, you may need to add 273.15 to your measured temperatures to convert from degrees Celsius to this absolute scale with symbol K.
Your coffee cup calorimeter can be used to find the heat released by this type of acid-base reaction, such as when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide combine to form sodium chloride and water.
Folklore is full of spooky, humanoid creatures that feed on unsuspecting people. Name some such creatures from around the world, for ten points each. In European folklore, these creatures could conceal themselves as people for most of the month, but transformed into howling predators during the full moon.
In North American Ojibwe lore, these skeletal creatures fed on human flesh. In some stories, they could infect humans and force them to become cannibals.
In Arabian stories, these demons dwelt in graveyards and consumed the bodies of the dead. In other stories, these hoof-footed, evil jinns lured travelers to their deaths in the desert, like the similar sila.
On March 29, 1960, the New York Times published a full-page ad seeking support for Martin Luther King and civil rights in the south called “Heed Their Rising Voices.” For ten points each, The ad was signed by dozens of activists, including this future Chairman of SNCC [“snick”] who was badly beaten on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965. This man served in the House, representing Georgia, until his July 2020 death.
L.B. Sullivan, the police commissioner of this capital city of Alabama, sued the Times for publishing accidental inaccuracies in “Heed Their Rising Voices.” Ultimately, the Supreme Court unanimously rejected his lawsuit.
The Supreme Court ruled that, because Sullivan was a public official and there was no actual malice behind the inaccuracies, they did not constitute this crime. For private citizens, this act of saying or writing falsehoods that harm another person’s reputation can be a crime with or without malice.
The hashtag #mintthecoin [mint the coin] gained popularity as Republicans refused to increase this quantity. For ten points each, Name this quantity, the amount of money owed by the U.S. government. The limit, or “ceiling,” on this quantity must be periodically raised by Congress to allow the government to continue paying off this quantity.
If the debt ceiling crisis is not averted, the government would fail to pay its debts on time, a situation named this. A bankruptcy court may supervise people if they do this on their loans.
“bankruptcy”) The #mintthecoin movement urges this current Secretary of the Treasury to avoid default by minting a trillion-dollar platinum coin and deposit it with the Federal Reserve. This woman served as chair of the Fed from 2014 to 2018.
This poem asks the title animal, “dost thou know who made thee?” and compares the title creature to Jesus. For ten points each, Name this poem from the collection Songs of Innocence. This poem’s title animal has “softest clothing wooly bright.”
This poet included “The Lamb” in his Songs of Innocence, and wrote about another animal “burning bright / in the forests of the night.”
In this poem from the collection Songs of Experience, Blake asks the title animal, “did he who made the Lamb make thee?” and questions “what immortal hand or eye / dare frame thy fearful symmetry?”