This ruler was imprisoned by Leopold of Austria on charges of murdering Conrad of Montferrat.This monarch conquered Cyprus from the Byzantines and sold it to the Templars. This monarch tookover leadership of the Third (*) Crusade from Philip II and fought against Saladin. The son of Henry II andEleanor of Aquitaine was, for 10 points, what 12th-century English king named "the Lionheart"?
One poet from this country wrote that "each man kills the thing he loves" after being jailed forhomosexuality. Another poet from this non-African country wrote "things fall apart; the centre cannothold" in "The Second Coming". Jonathan Swift suggested this country's residents sell babies for (*)food in the satire A Modest Proposal. For 10 points, what country produced W. B. Yeats and Seán O’Casey?
This character owns a sword named Anaklusmos, which transforms from a pen when uncapped.This character, whose mother always makes him blue-colored food, is taken by his best friend (*)Grover Underwood to Camp Half-Blood. The Lightning Thief is the first book about, for 10 points, what son ofPoseidon created by Rick Riordan?
The triple alpha process is the formation of this element in stars, and this element combines withnitrogen in cyanide ions. Buckyballs are molecules formed from sixty atoms of this element. The 14isotope of this element is used in radiometric (*) dating techniques. This element's allotropes includegraphite and diamond. The basis for organic life is, for 10 points, what element with symbol C?
This country's capital contains the widest street in the world, the Ninth of July Avenue. Gauchos herdcattle on this country's pampas plains. This country shares the Iguazu Falls with Brazil and Paraguay,and it fought the UK in the (*) Falklands War. This country shares Patagonia with its western neighbor, Chile.For 10 points, what country is led from Buenos Aires?
For two vectors, this operation can be performed on them by using the tip-to-tail or parallelogrammethod. Repeated applications of this operation can be denoted using a capital (*) sigma. Performingthis operation on two adjacent numbers in Pascal's triangle gives the number below them. Multiplication isequivalent to repetition of, for 10 points, what operation which gives the sum of two numbers?
In one novel set in this country, the geisha Komako falls in love with a ballet expert in a remote hotspring town. Snow Country is set in this country, in which the poet Matsuo Basho mastered a poeticform consisting of three lines of (*) 5, 7, and 5 syllables. Haiku originate from, for 10 points, what homelandof Yasunari Kawabata and Yukio Mishima, whose cities include Osaka and Tokyo?
This thinker wrote that philosophy was meant to change the world in his Theses on Feuerbach(FOY-uhr-bock) and called religion the "opium of the people" in a critique of Hegel. In another work,this thinker claimed all history was a "history of (*) class struggles" and commanded the proletarians ofthe world to "unite!". For 10 points, name this collaborator of Friedrich Engels who wrote The CommunistManifesto.
The narrator tries to obtain Captain Kidd's treasure in an Edgar Allan Poe short story whose namecontains this color. In the 1890s, many people travelled to places like Dawson City, Yukon after thismaterial was discovered in the (*) Klondike. Prospectors used a technique called "panning" to obtain, for 10points, what precious metal, which first-place medals at the Olympics are made out of?
In one episode of this show, "The Boy Who Cried Comet", the characters believe that a comet isgoing to hit Earth after it is seen through a telescope. A schoolteacher in this show married hishusband Patrick in the episode "Mr. (*) Ratburn and the Special Someone". D. W. and Buster appear in, for10 points, what PBS Kids show set in Elwood City about an aardvark?
This man coined the term "satyagraha" to describe his philosophy of political resistance, asexemplified by the 240-mile-long Salt March he undertook to protest British salt monopolies. Thisman launched the "Quit (*) India Movement" to demand independence from Britain. In 1948, a Hindunationalist assassinated, for 10 points, what Indian nonviolent activist and independence leader?
In one fresco by this man, St. Thomas raises his index figure in doubt as the central figure stretcheshis hands over a table. Another work by this artist shows a man with four arms inscribed in (*)geometric shapes. This man depicted the wife of Francesco del Giocondo smiling mysteriously in anotherpainting. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist of Vitruvian Man and the Mona Lisa.
Extremely strong types of these objects can be made out of rare earth metals such as neodymium.These objects generate a field which is measured in Teslas, and iron filings will (*) align themselves inarcs around these objects. Holding one of these objects near a compass needle will deflect it. For 10 points,what objects have North and South poles which attract each other?
An instrument of this type plays a continuous ostinato for the entirety of Maurice Ravel's Boléro.The tabla is an Indian instrument of this type. A metal kind of this instrument popular in Caribbeanmusic can play several different notes and is called its (*) "steel" type. Timpanis are large, tunableexamples of, for 10 points, what percussion instruments with "bass" and "snare" types?
These rocks are classified by their silicon content as mafic, such as scoria, and felsic, such asrhyolite. These rocks are further classified as extrusive or intrusive, and most of the (*) youngest rockon earth is this kind of rock. Volcanic activity produces, for 10 points, what type of rock which includespumice and basalt and is contrasted with metamorphic and sedimentary?
The ampulla of Vater is formed by the common bile duct and a duct named for this organ, which isalso known as the duct of Wirsung. This organ's islets of Langerhans contain its endocrine cells, whichsecrete hormones such as glucagon. (*) Diabetes results in reduced function of, for 10 points, what organwhich regulates blood sugar levels through the production of insulin?
This state's Executive Order 44, issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs, empowered its citizens to shootand kill Mormons on sight as part of an 1838 "War". One of the starting points of the Oregon Trail wasthis state's city of Independence. This state was admitted to the Union along with Maine in (*) 1820 aspart of its namesake "Compromise". For 10 points, name this state led from Jefferson City.
Many gods in this myth system were depicted holding an ankh. In this myth system, dead souls arejudged by being weighed against Ma'at's feather of justice. The green-skinned god of the underworldin this myth system was called (*) Osiris, and believers in this myth system mummified their dead. For 10points, what ancient myth system featured animal-headed deities like Anubis and Isis?
This president's administration created the Department of Justice and used it to prosecutemembers of the KKK. As a general, this man led the Vicksburg campaign during the Civil War, and heaccepted Robert E. Lee's (*) surrender at Appomattox. This man and his running mate Schuyler (SKY-ler)Colfax won the 1868 election. For 10 points, name this highest-ranking Union general, a Republican president.
The Ganges River is said to flow from this god's hair. This god's throat turned blue after heswallowed the Halahala poison during the churning of the ocean. This god's wife (*) Parvati forced himto implant an elephant's head to his son, Ganesha, whom he had previously killed. For 10 points, what Hindu"destroyer" god makes up the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu?
[10] Name this process that forms the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules such as insulin and hemoglobin. In it, long chains of peptides are assembled into complex shapes.
[10] Protein folding begins with this level of protein structure which refers to its sequence of amino acids. This level precedes the secondary and tertiary structures.
[10] Mistakes in protein folding can lead to the formation of these misfolded proteins, which can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as mad cow disease or Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CROYTS-felt YAH-kub) syndrome.
[10] Name this country home to artists like Rembrandt van Rijn (van RINE), who moved from Leiden to its capital of Amsterdam.
[10] This Dutchman depicted his hometown in his View of Delft. He also created The Milkmaid and Girl with a Pearl Earring.
[10] This other Dutchman collaborated with his brother Hubert on the Ghent Altarpiece. He painted the Arnolfini Wedding.
[10] Name this Western New York city on the northeast corner of Lake Erie. The Peace Bridge connects this city to Fort Erie, Ontario.
[10] This massive waterfall lies about 20 miles northwest of Buffalo, and gives its name to cities in both New York and Ontario. It is the largest waterfall in the U.S. by flow rate.
[10] Sports fans in Buffalo are known for their passionate support for the Buffalo Bills, who play in this professional league which also includes the New England Patriots and the Denver Broncos.
[10] Messier catalogued 110 astronomical objects, including many of these masses of trillions of stars, which can come in elliptical and irregular shapes, among others, and often have supermassive black holes at their center.
[10] The 24th entry in the catalogue is a “star cloud” located in this constellation, which is also home to the black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Its name comes from the Latin for “archer”.
[10] The 45th entry in the Messier catalogue, and the closest to Earth, is this star cluster easily visible to the naked eye and also called the Seven Sisters.
[10] Name this Democrat who vowed to enforce "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever" in a 1963 inaugural address.
[10] Wallace served as governor of this southern U.S. state for a total of sixteen years. Rosa Parks' arrest served as the catalyst for a bus boycott in this state's capital of Montgomery.
[10] During Wallace's first year in office, four African American girls were killed when the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham was bombed by members of this organization. William J. Simmons helped revive this group in 1915.
[10] Name this nation, Kenya's southern neighbor, which also contains the highest point in its continent. Its capital was moved to Dodoma in 1996.
[10] This dormant volcano in Tanzania is the highest mountain in Africa.
[10] Tanzania has a significant coastline on this ocean, part of the greater "Swahili Coast" region next to it. The Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are separated by the country this ocean is named for.
[10] Zeus abducted this woman, King Minos’s mother, in the form of a bull. Her brother Cadmus brought the alphabet to Greece.
[10] Zeus was once married to Thetis, a leader of the Nereids who gave birth to this warrior. Thetis dipped him in the River Styx, causing him to be invulnerable except for his heel.
[10] Zeus employed this nymph to distract Hera during his affairs with lengthy conversations, leading Hera to curse her to only repeat the last words said to her. She eventually fell in love with Narcissus.
[10] Name these polygons with three sides. Their interior angles always sum to 180 degrees.
[10] This term refers to the line segment connecting a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side of a triangle.
[10] This point is the intersection of the three medians of a triangle. It is also the triangle's center of gravity.
[10] Identify this character who is killed when Roger drops a boulder on him. His glasses are stolen by Jack to establish his group's power.
[10] Piggy is a character in this novel by William Golding in which a group of schoolboys are stranded on a deserted island.
[10] Piggy's glasses are stolen because they are the only object on the island capable of this task. After Jack's tribe is unexpectedly successful at using the glasses for this task, a passing ship sees the resulting smoke and rescues the children.
[10] Name this American author who wrote about the child Pearl and Hester Prynne.
[10] This other American author said that Hawthorne "shoots his strong New England roots into the deep soil of my Southern soul" in one of several thinly-veiled love letters. He is better known for writing Moby-Dick.
[10] Moby-Dick depicts the crew of the Pequod hunting a massive white one of these animals.
[10] Name this Central European country home to authors such as Jaroslav Hašek ( YAR-oh-sloff HAH-sheck) and Milan Kundera, who wrote The Unbearable Lightness of Being, depicting life under communist rule in this country.
[10] In The Good Soldier Švejk , the title character sells these animals. The title character of Jack London's White Fang is one of these animals.
[10] Czech author Vaclav Havel (VAHTS-loff HAH-vel) wrote a play titled for one of these events in a garden. Harold Pinter wrote an absurdist play titled for a "birthday" one of these events.
[10] The most famous 100 Gecs song is titled for a machine of this material. Types of this stuff around the world include the rupee, the peso, and the dollar.
[10] The cover of 100 Gecs's album 1000 Gecs features one of these objects located in Algonquin, Illinois. Shel Silverstein wrote a book about a "Giving" one of these objects.
[10] 100 Gecs is known for their use of autotune, like bands Attack Attack! and Abandon All Ships, which belong to a subgenre of metalcore named for this animal. These animals also appear in the music video for a Noisestorm song.
[10] Name this nation governed from New Delhi. Narendra Modi is this nation's current Prime Minister.
[10] India fought this neighboring country over Jammu and Kashmir. Benazir Bhutto served as Prime Minister of this nation, and she was assassinated after a political rally held in Rawalpindi.
[10] This is the dominant religion of Jammu and Kashmir. As chief minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi was criticized for his role in a spate of deadly riots against members of this religion, a minority religion in India.
[10] Name this type of reaction, one of the half reactions of redox reactions, along with reduction. In this reaction, electrons are lost, while in reduction, electrons are gained.
[10] In one of these objects, redox reactions occur in the cathode and the anode, converting chemical energy to electrical energy. Examples of these include the 9 volt, AA, and AAA varieties.
[10] Many commercial batteries use this metallic element with atomic number 3 as an anode.
[10] Name this world leader, who recently gained the power to potentially stay in office until 2036 after his country voted for constitutional changes that extended term limits.
[10] For years, Vladimir Putin has served as the president of this largest nation in the world by area.
[10] Amid August 2020 protests in this country, Putin gave military support to this country's leader Alexander Lukashenko, who is often called "Europe's last dictator."
[10] Identify this Mesoamerican empire whose capital was Tenochtitlan. They were defeated by Hernan Cortez.
[10] This Aztec emperor exchanged gifts with Cortez at Cortez's first arrival before his eventual defeat.
[10] Tenochtitlan is now the location of this city, the largest city in North America and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.
[10] Rodrigo Duterte is the current leader of this country, whose capital is Manila. America took possession of it after the Spanish-American War.
[10] Once Marcos was exiled, he lived in this state, formerly known as the Sandwich Islands. They became an American possession after they were ruled by 5 kings named Kamehameha.
[10] Both Hawaii and the Philippines were settled by Austronesians, who are generally considered to have emigrated from this Asian island, where the Dutch East India Company established Fort Zeelandia. It was historically known as Formosa.
[10] Name this Jewish holiday commemorating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. On this holiday, Jews participate in large family celebrations called seders (SAY-durz) that involve a series of specific rituals.
[10] The Seder is conducted according to a script laid out in one of these books. The most commonly used one of these books in the U.S. is published every year by Maxwell House Coffee.
[10] During the Seder, participants remove a drop of water from their cup with a fingertip while recounting each of this many plagues that were inflicted on the Egyptians. This is also the number of commandments that Moses received on Mount Sinai.
[10] What English scientist developed calculus along with Gottfried Leibniz?
[10] This magnum opus of Newton lays out the beginnings of classical mechanics. Another book with this name, by Bertrand Russell and Alfred Whitehead, describes the axiomatic construction of mathematics.
[10] Newton also wrote a book about, and named for, this subfield of physics. It studied the effects of prisms and lenses, and argued that light was made up of particles called corpuscles.
[10] Name this country whose possessions of Ingria and Estonia were captured during the war. It is led from Stockholm.
[10] This Swedish monarch was 17 when the coalition declared war; he went into exile after the disastrous Battle of Poltava.
[10] Charles XII returned and attempted to campaign against this country under Danish personal union; he attempted to besiege its cities of Trondheim and Fredricksten, but he died in battle.