In one story by this author, the homeless Soapy unsuccessfully tries to get himself arrested to avoidthe cold. This author of "The Cop and the Anthem" also wrote about two men's kidnapping of EbenezerDorset, which fails when they have to pay his (*) father to take his son back. "The Ransom of Red Chief" isby, for 10 points, what American author of short stories such as "The Gift of the Magi"?
One ruler with this name issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the earlier Edict of Nantes andremoving the rights of Protestants. That king ruled from 1643 to 1715, was known as the Sun King,and was the (*) 14th king of France with this name. The 16th French king of this name was guillotined duringthe French Revolution. For 10 points, what name was held by eighteen kings of France?
Chaturanga is an early form of this activity, where the en passant move can be performed. Openingmoves in this game include the Sicilian Defence and the Ruy Lopez. The computer Deep Blue beat (*)Garry Kasparov at this game, whose pieces include bishops which move diagonally and are restricted to onecolor of square. For 10 points, name this board game in which you win through checkmate.
This modern-day country was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest known in theAmericas. This non-Bolivia country's huacas are traditional places of worship for Quechua-speakingpeoples, some of whom also built its mysterious (*) Nazca Lines. This country's city of Cuzco was theformer capital of the Inca Empire. For 10 points, name this country home to the citadel Machu Picchu(MAH-choo PICK-choo).
Pauline Bonaparte insisted on posing nude for a sculpture of this deity, whom Titian depicted lyingnude on a red couch in a painting of her "of Urbino". This goddess stands on a seashell in (*) Botticelli'sdepiction of her "Birth". A famous ancient Greek statue of this non-Nike goddess is missing its arms. A statuefrom the island of Milos depicts, for 10 points, what Roman goddess of beauty?
This quantity times one-half the apothem gives the area of any regular polygon. A value equal toone-half of this quantity appears in Heron's formula, which is used to find the areas of (*) triangles. Fora rectangle, this quantity equals twice the width plus twice the height. Circumference is the value for a circleof, for 10 points, what quantity equal to the sum of the side lengths of a polygon?
These ecosystems are threatened by acidification of their surroundings, which can cause them toundergo bleaching. Ring-shaped examples of these ecosystems which enclose a lagoon are called (*)atolls. These ecosystems' namesake animals consist of colonies of thousands of polyps. For 10 points, namethese marine biodiversity hotspots which include a "Great Barrier" one off the coast of Australia.
In an 1801 experiment, Thomas Young proved that these particles exhibit wave-particle duality byfiring them through two slits. Planck's constant relates the speed of these particles to their frequency.Like gluons, these particles have no (*) mass. These particles can carry electromagnetic radiation such asUV and infrared. For 10 points, name these particles, the quanta of light.
Barnard 68 is a particularly visible "dark" version of this type of object. The Hubble Space Telescopephotographed one of these objects in the photo "Pillars of Creation". "Planetary" examples of theseobjects are formed when stars eject their outer layers into space. The (*) "Horsehead" and "Crab" onesare famous examples of, for 10 points, what interstellar clouds of gas and dust?
In this novel, one character is allowed to join an Owsla after being given a Mark. GeneralWoundwort is defeated at the title location of this novel after its protagonists unleash a watchdog.This novel begins with (*) Fiver receiving a vision of his home being destroyed, causing him and his friendsto search for a new warren. For 10 points, name this Richard Adams adventure novel about rabbits.
A colonial governor of this modern-day state, William Berkeley, was recalled to England following a1676 uprising here led by Nathaniel Bacon. This state's House of Burgesses was the firstrepresentative legislature in America. One colony in this state was afflicted by the (*) "Starving Time"and came into conflict with the Powhatan. For 10 points, in what state was Jamestown established in 1607?
Before becoming an author, Zora Neale Hurston primarily practiced this discipline. A practitionerof this discipline traveled to Melanesia to write his work Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Bronisław(*) Malinowski (bro-NEE-swaaf mah-lee-NOHF-skee) was a practitioner of this academic discipline, which isoften studied alongside archaeology. For 10 points, what academic field studies human culture and society?
Shortly after this man came out as gay, he tweeted an image of a rainbow background in his albumart with the caption "thought I made it obvious". This man collaborated with Cardi B on his songRodeo and with (*) Billy Ray Cyrus on a remix of a song where he sings his "hat is matte black" and he's "gotthe horses in the back". For 10 points, name this rapper behind "Panini" and "Old Town Road".
One poem about this war opens by asking "what passing-bells for those who die as cattle?". Inanother poem about this war, a man "plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning" as he dies during a(*) gas attack. "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum Est" were written by Wilfred Owen during,for 10 points, what 1910s "Great War"?
Grandmother Spider successfully stole this object in a clay bowl according to one myth. The Incasworshipped Inti as the god of this object. The Aztecs believed that the current instance of this (*)celestial body was actually the fifth one created. For 10 points, name this object that, according to Greekmythology, was carried across the sky every day by the chariot of Helios.
One of this composer's operas includes the character Prince Calaf and the aria "Nessun dorma",and another of his operas features Rodolfo and Mimi and inspired the musical Rent. The aria "Un beldì" is sung by Cio-Cio-San as she waits for (*) Pinkerton in another of this man's operas. For 10 points,name this Italian who composed Turandot, La Bohème, and Madame Butterfly.
The most efficient types of these proteins are known as "kinetically perfect" or "diffusion limited".The induced fit model describes how these proteins bind to substrates to lower the activation energyof a (*) reaction. Examples of these proteins include ligase and polymerase. For 10 points, identify thesebiological catalysts that increase the speed of biochemical processes.
This book names an anonymous "disciple whom Jesus loved" as one of its sources. This book isclassified as the only non-synoptic Gospel, and it contains seven "I am" statements and seven "signs",ending with the raising of (*) Lazarus from the dead. The last of the four Gospels is, for 10 points, what NewTestament book which follows Matthew, Mark, and Luke?
As part of the attempt to cover up this event, a series of government officials were fired in the"Saturday Night Massacre". This event was reported on by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. GeraldFord assumed the (*) presidency after the orchestrator of this event resigned rather than face impeachment.For 10 points, what scandal caused Richard Nixon to step down as president?
In the 1850s, James Strang attempted to found a Mormon kingdom on this lake's Beaver Island. TheDoor Peninsula separates Green Bay from the rest of this lake. This lake is crossed by ferries betweenLudington and Manitowoc and between Muskegon and (*) Milwaukee. Northern Indiana and Chicago lieon the shores of, for 10 points, what Great Lake which shares its name with a peninsular state?
[10] Name this northernmost territory of Canada, which separated from its Northwest Territories in 1993. It is the only Canadian province in which the majority language is neither English nor French.
[10] Indigenous people in Nunavut are some of the few populations in the world who still legally hunt these animals. These animals' bowhead and minke types are hunted, sometimes with instruments such as harpoons.
[10] Along with Yukon and the Northwest Territories, Nunavut is one of the three Canadian territories to border this northernmost ocean in the world. The North Pole is located on this ocean, much of which is covered in sea ice year-round.
[10] Identify this quantity equal to the mass of an object divided by its volume, measured in units like kilograms per cubic meter. The ratio of this value for a substance to its value for water is called specific gravity.
[10] Objects that have a lower density than water tend to float due to this force. When an object is placed inside of a fluid, this force will push back against that object, and this force is proportional to the amount of displaced fluid.
[10] This man formulated a namesake law of buoyancy which states that the upward force of buoyancy is equal to the weight of displaced fluid. Apocryphally, he proclaimed "Eureka!" after realizing that his understanding of buoyancy allowed him to detect counterfeit metals.
[10] Name this country currently led by Jacinda Ardern from its capital of Wellington.
[10] New Zealand is known as "Aotearoa" in the language of this indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, who fought each other in the Musket Wars and signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 with British colonizers.
[10] In 2015 and 2016, New Zealand undertook a pair of referendums on whether it should take this specific action, with "no" being the eventual result. Mississippi announced in 2020 that it would take this action in order to remove Confederate symbolism. A description is acceptable.
[10] Name this philosopher from a 1757 Voltaire novel who repeatedly claims that he is living in "the best of all possible worlds."
[10] Pangloss appears in this novel by Voltaire subtitled "Optimism". Its title character rejects Pangloss's optimism in the face of numerous hardships.
[10] Voltaire was an author and philosopher from this country during the Enlightenment period. His remains are contained in the Panthéon, a monument in its capital, along with Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas, two other authors from this country.
[10] Name this composer who wrote over 100 symphonies, including the Farewell, Surprise, and London symphonies. He is considered the father of both the symphony and the string quartet.
[10] This other composer's Unfinished Symphony only has two movements. He wrote "Death and the Maiden" and the Rosamunde Overture and died at age 31 from typhoid fever or syphilis.
[10] Haydn and Schubert were both from this European country, whose cities of Salzburg and Vienna have produced several famous composers.
[10] Before becoming president, FDR served as governor of this state, where he led from its capital of Albany.
[10] FDR was the running mate for James Cox in the 1920 presidential election, which Cox lost to this man who was later implicated in the Teapot Dome scandal.
[10] In 1932, FDR defeated this man to become president. This president’s administration oversaw the beginning of the Great Depression, for which he was widely unpopular.
[10] Name this state where former congresswoman Gabby Giffords was shot in Tucson in 2011.
[10] Despite McSally's loss in the election, she would be appointed to the Senate two months later after this long-time Arizona senator and 2008 Republican presidential candidate died of brain cancer.
[10] In 2020, McSally lost in a special election against this Democrat, a former astronaut and the husband of Gabby Giffords.
[10] Name this trait determined by which of two antigens, or both or neither, are found on the surface of certain cells.
[10] The antigens that determine blood type can be found on red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs and this gas to the lungs. Humans exhale this gas, which has the formula CO . 2
[10] People with this blood type are known as "universal donors" because, in blood transfusions, blood of this type can be given to anyone, regardless of what blood type the recipient has.
[10] Identify these large structures which often form in polar regions and high mountain ranges. Their movement can leave moraines, eskers, and other geological formations.
[10] Glaciers are primarily comprised of this substance. Climate change has caused some glaciers to shrink in size as this substance melts into water and flows away.
[10] These large boulders are a common feature of the landscape in regions historically covered by glaciers. They can weigh hundreds of tons, and are deposited by retreating glaciers which picked them up during their advance.
[10] Name this literary "generation" that included Jack Kerouac and the author of the poem "Howl," Allen Ginsberg.
[10] Ginsberg's "A Supermarket in California" mentions seeing this poet "eyeing the grocery boys." This poet wrote "I Sing the Body Electric", "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry", and "O Captain! My Captain!".
[10] Whitman’s “O Captain! My Captain!” was an elegy to this president who led the U.S. through the Civil War.
[10] Name this hero whom Eurystheus tasked with performing twelve seemingly impossible labors, such as cleaning the Augean Stables.
[10] Heracles' first task was to kill this beast, whose golden fur was impervious to all weapons. He defeated it by strangling, and used its fur as his armor.
[10] Another of Heracles' labors was to kill this many-headed serpent, which would grow multiple additional heads whenever one was chopped off. He slew it by burning the stumps after beheading it so they couldn't regrow.
[10] Name this title character of a Hindu epic, the seventh avatar of Vishnu. He teams up with the monkey Hanuman to rescue his wife.
[10] The Ramayana is from this country, where it was originally written in Sanskrit. This largest Hindu-majority country is also the origin of the Mahābhārata.
[10] The island kingdom of Ravana in the Ramayana is often identified with this island to the southeast of India, with which it shares a name. This island was formerly known as Ceylon by the British.
[10] Name this Irish author who also wrote And Another Thing..., a sequel to Douglas Adams's Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series. He is best known for a sci-fi/fantasy series whose title character discovers a race of technologically-advanced fairies.
[10] This supergenius is the title character of that Eoin Colfer series. He is assisted by his bodyguard, Butler, and in the first book of the series he kidnaps the elf policewoman Holly Short in an attempt to extract a ransom of gold.
[10] In Artemis Fowl and the Arctic Incident, Artemis rescues his father, who was held captive by an organized crime group in this country’s far-northern port city of Murmansk, one of the few major cities on the northern coast of this massive country which contains the sparsely populated region of Siberia.
[10] Name this American horror writer who described Jack Torrance's descent into madness in his novel The Shining. He also wrote Cujo (cue-joe) and It.
[10] This 1986 film was adapted from King’s novella The Body, and sees four boys in Castle Rock, Oregon hike into the woods to find the body of a missing boy. Its stars included Wil Wheaton and River Phoenix.
[10] Alice Munro, an author from this country, included stories like "No Advantages" in her book The View from Castle Rock. In another short story from this country, "The Hockey Sweater", a young boy is distraught when he is mistakenly shipped a Maple Leafs hockey jersey.
[10] Name this celebrity chef, the host of Hell's Kitchen and Kitchen Nightmares, who is known for his fiery temper and expletive-laden outbursts.
[10] On Hot Ones, host Sean Evans and Ramsay ate ten spicy wings of this animal. Buffalo, New York is the home and namesake of a popular style of preparing this animal's wings.
[10] During the interview, Ramsay shouted out Alexander Weiss, the winner of the first American installment of this cooking competition for children. Ramsay has been a judge for this competition for seven seasons, as well as its adult counterpart.
[10] Name this property of sets that contain more elements than the value of any integer and can be said to go on "forever". It is represented by a symbol resembling a sideways eight.
[10] Cantor proved that this set of numbers is not countably infinite, making it a "larger" infinity than the set of integers. This set contains all the numbers on the number line, including rational and irrational numbers, and is represented with a double-struck R.
[10] A thought experiment attributed to David Hilbert explains the equivalence of seemingly differently-sized infinite sets by considering one of these buildings with an infinite number of rooms and showing that it can accommodate more people even if every room is full.
[10] Name this European country whose longest river, the Vistula, runs through its capital of Warsaw.
[10] Poland borders this large Northern European sea, which also borders countries like Estonia and Latvia. The Kiel Canal connects this sea to the North Sea, and the Øresund (OE-ah-sohn), a strait separating Denmark and Sweden, connects it to the Kattegat.
[10] The city of Częstochowa (CHEN-stuh-KHO-vah) in southern Poland is a famous Catholic pilgrimage site thanks to its “Black” painting of this figure. A shrine in Fátima, Portugal marks a location where this figure supposedly appeared to three children.
[10] Name this Italian city at the end of the Adriatic Sea which was a merchant republic ruled by doges such as Enrico Dandolo and dominated Mediterranean commerce for centuries.
[10] The island of Murano, north of the main island of Venice, is renowned for its historical leadership in the production of this good. The Venetian government ordered all the manufacturers of this material to move to Murano in 1291, fearing that their furnaces would cause fires.
[10] Venice contains hundreds of these artificial waterways, which are traversed by boats such as gondolas. The "Grand" one of these waterways divides Venice in half.
[10] Name this construct which organizes the building blocks of chemistry into rows and columns based on atomic weight and electron configuration. It currently has seven full rows comprising 118 entries.
[10] These elements make up most of the center and left of the periodic table. They are typically grey in color, conduct electricity, and can be combined to form alloys. Examples include titanium and cobalt.
[10] These two sections of the periodic table are not classified into any of the 18 columns; instead they are typically offset into two separate rows under the rest of the table. Name either.
[10] The caliphate was mostly composed of tribes of this ethnic group. Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria have large populations of this ethnic group, for which the peninsula containing Oman and Yemen is also named.
[10] The caliphate conquered Syria and the Levant region from this empire, ruled by Heraclius at the time. This empire was also known as the Eastern Roman Empire and was led from Constantinople.
[10] Following a civil war, the Rashidun Caliphate was replaced by a caliphate led by this dynasty, which eventually established itself in Spain even after its overthrow by the Abbasids.