Eris is the most massive of the five recognized ones of these objects, of which Ceres is the only onecloser to the sun than Uranus. Unlike a class of larger related objects, these things have not clearedtheir orbits. In 2006, the IAU officially reclassified (*) Pluto as one of these objects. For 10 points, identifythese solar system objects named for the fact that they are smaller than planets.
This man was killed when his rotting ship fell on him after he broke his vow to love his wife forever.Orpheus's lyre-playing saved this man's ship from the Sirens, and he sowed dragon's teeth whichsprouted into warriors and plowed a field with fire-breathing (*) bulls with the help of his wife Medea.For 10 points, name this Greek hero who led the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece.
Betty Parris and Abigail Williams both claimed to be afflicted by these people, setting off a panicwhich hunted these people. The West Indian slave Tituba, after herself being accused of being one ofthem, accused (*) Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne during that 1692 panic. For 10 points, a series of "trials"were held in Salem, Massachusetts targeting what purported evil magic users?
This religion believes in a figure called the Saoshyant, or "one who brings benefit". Members of thisfaith traditionally dispose of their dead on towers of silence and worship at fire temples. The Gathasare a set of hymns comprising part of this religion's sacred text, the (*) Avesta. Ahriman is opposed toAhura Mazda, the chief god of, for 10 points, what Iranian religion founded by Zarathustra?
The protagonist of this novel beats one of his wives during the Week of Peace, resulting in a fine.After accidentally killing Ikemefuna, the protagonist of this novel is banished from (*) Umuofia forseven years. This novel's protagonist, Okonkwo, commits suicide by hanging to avoid being tried by theBritish colonists. For 10 points, name this Chinua Achebe novel about pre-colonial Nigerian life.
The Buffon's needle experiment is one way to empirically estimate the value of this number. This isthe number of radians in 180 degrees. The ratio between the (*) circumference and diameter of a circle isequal to this number. For 10 points, what number is multiplied by the radius squared to give a circle’s areaand is approximately equal to 3.14?
One version of this food native to the island of Sardinia is called Casu Marzu and contains livemaggots. Most varieties of this food are produced with the enzyme rennet, although a type common inIndian cuisine, (*) paneer, is not. French types of this food include Camembert and Brie. Wisconsin is knownfor producing, for 10 points, what dairy product whose types include Swiss and cheddar?
During this war, the Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to provide military supplies to oneside. General Anthony MacAuliffe famously declared "Nuts!" after being demanded to surrender at theBattle of the (*) Bulge in this war. Dwight D. Eisenhower oversaw a US offensive in this war that included theD-Day landings. For 10 points, in what war did the US fight against Nazi Germany?
This state's Cadillac Mountain is the highest point on an ocean island in the continental US. This isthe closest U.S. state to Africa, and its Aroostook County was the subject of a bloodless "war" withCanada. This state's Mount Desert Island contains (*) Acadia National Park, the only national park in NewEngland. The "Pine Tree State" is, for 10 points, what easternmost state of the lower 48?
In 1919, one of this city's baseball teams was accused of throwing the World Series. In 2017, thiscity's NFL team surprised pundits when it used the 2nd overall draft pick on Mitch Trubisky. This city'sNBA team won (*) 6 championships in the 1990s with players like Michael Jordan. A 108-year World Seriesdrought was broken in 2017 by the Cubs, a baseball team in, for 10 points, what Illinois city?
This group’s membership was significantly expanded by the addition of a group known as the "A8".This group, which was preceded by the EEC and ECSC, was established via the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.In a move nicknamed (*) "Brexit", the United Kingdom voted to leave this organization in a referendum. TheEuro is the official currency of, for 10 points, what organization of European states?
The main characters of one of this author's books live in the government-run camp of Weedpatch.In another of this man's books, Curley’s wife is killed by a character who wants to "live off the fatta thelan". One book by this author sees the (*) Joad family move to California. George and Lennie were createdby, for 10 points, what American author who wrote Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath?
This thinker proposed that humans were formed from double-people to explain the origins of love.This author of Symposium analogized philosophy to realizing that shadows on a wall are not reality.This man described an ideal city-state where philosopher (*) kings rule and the “Allegory of the Cave” inThe Republic. For 10 points, name this Ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates.
A popular myth says that this composer was killed out of jealousy by Antonio Salieri. FranzSüssmayr completed this man's unfinished Requiem, and his 41st symphony is nicknamed "Jupiter".The Queen of the Night appears in this man's opera The (*) Magic Flute. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (EYE-nuhKLY-nuh NAHKT-music), or "A Little Night Music", was written by, for 10 points, what Austrian child prodigycomposer?
One of these chemicals which includes antimony pentafluoride is called the "magic" one. Accordingto the Arrhenius (ah-REE-nee-us) definition, these substances dissociate into H+ ions, and anotherdefinition says that they're electron pair (*) acceptors. Commonly-used examples of these compoundsinclude the nitric and sulfuric types. For 10 points, name these compounds with pH less than 7, contrastedwith bases.
The tweet announcing this event quickly became the most-liked tweet in history. The retrospectiveA Tribute for a King was produced shortly after this event, which occurred before any publicacknowledgement that the person involved had (*) colon cancer. ABC aired the film Black Panther withoutcommercials following, for 10 points, what event in which the lead actor of that film passed away?
Okazaki fragments help reconstruct the lagging strands of this substance after it's "unzipped" byhelicase during its replication. Adenine and thymine are one of the pairs of complementary (*)nucleotides that make up this molecule. Chromosomes contain, for 10 points, what biomolecule shaped like adouble helix, which contains genetic information?
This kingdom's namesake "hegemony" ended after it was defeated by Thebes at Leuctra. AdmiralLysander helped this kingdom win the Battle of Aegospotami, securing their victory in the (*)Peloponnesian War. At the Battle of Thermopylae, King Leonidas led 300 soldiers from this place against ahuge Persian army. For 10 points, name this militaristic Ancient Greek city-state often at odds with Athens.
When these machines exceed the critical value of attack, it causes a dangerous situation called a"stall". A common and sometimes incorrect explanation for how these machines work invokes theBernoulli principle to explain that the air above one part of them is less (*) dense than below, generatinglift. For 10 points, what machines might be powered by jet engines and take off from runways?
Time-traveling bandits who steal these objects are the subject of a fictional book in the Diary of aWimpy Kid series that was banned in Greg's school. A superhero named for these objects was createdby using a 3-D Hypno Ring on the school principal Mr. (*) Krupp and goes on adventures with George andHarold. For 10 points, Dav Pilkey created a superhero named the "Captain" of what clothing?
[10] It took you four days to hitchhike to Pittsburgh from this state's city of Saginaw. This state's other cities include Detroit and Grand Rapids.
[10] You boarded a Greyhound and traveled east on I-76 through this state through its Allegheny Mountains. This state’s capital lies on the Susquehanna River, which flows through its eastern part.
[10] You're counting the cars on this state's turnpike as you realize that they've all come to look for America. Along the way, you might have driven through this state's cities of Elizabeth and Newark.
[10] Name this artist who also painted a famous landscape of his hometown, titled View of Toledo. He is commonly known by a name indicating his country of birth.
[10] Although he was born in Greece, El Greco lived in this country. Diego Velasquez was a court painter of this country's king Philip IV, who ruled both it and its neighboring country, Portugal.
[10] This is the most famous painting by Velasquez. It shows the young Spanish princess Margaret Theresa in Velasquez's studio surrounded by an entourage including two maids as well as Velasquez himself painting on a huge easel.
[10] Name this Islamic empire ruled by sultans such as Suleiman the Magnificent. It conquered Constantinople from the Byzantines in 1453 and was dissolved after World War I.
[10] This modern-day Balkan country staged a decades-long revolt against Ottoman rule in the 15th century led by Skanderbeg. In the 20th century, it was ruled by the dictator Enver Hoxha (HOE-juh).
[10] Shortly before its dissolution, the Ottoman Empire perpetrated a genocide against this ethnic group, in which around 1.5 million people were killed. This is the majority ethnic group in a modern-day country that borders Turkey to its east.
[10] Describe this event which one poem predicted would occur "not with a bang but a whimper". Another poet wrote that "some say [this event will occur] in fire / some say in ice".
[10] This American poet wrote "Fire and Ice". In another poem, he wrote that "I have promises to keep / and miles to go before I sleep / and miles to go before I sleep".
[10] This other poet wrote "this is the way the world ends / this is the way the world ends / this is the way the world ends / not with a bang but a whimper" in The Hollow Men. He also opened his poem The Waste Land by declaring that "April is the cruelest month".
[10] Name these large, tall clouds which can produce extreme weather such as intense thunderstorms. Their name comes from the Latin for "heaped rainstorm".
[10] In August 2020, the National Weather Service issued its first ever warning for a tornado produced by a pyrocumulonimbus cloud, a special kind of thundercloud created by the warm air given off by these events.
[10] The fire tornado occurred in this state's Lassen County. This state has been repeatedly afflicted by wildfires in recent years, especially around its Bay Area and its capital of Sacramento.
[10] Name this Japanese myth system. Its deities are known as kami and its shrines often feature gates called torii.
[10] Many Shinto shrines feature large examples of these objects, called shimenawa in Japanese, which are tied around areas in which kami are believed to reside. They are typically made of rice straw or hemp and can be several feet thick.
[10] A special shimenawa known as a tsuna is worn by yokozuna, the highest-ranked competitors in a Japanese form of this sport called sumo, during formal ceremonies in which they stomp demons out of the ring.
[10] Name this poet who is best known for his collection Gitanjali. He also wrote the lyrics to the song “Jana Gana Mana”.
[10] Tagore is from this country, where he was born in Kolkata and wrote in Bengali. Many novelists from this country write in either English or Hindi.
[10] “Jana Gana Mana” is used as one of these songs in India. Other examples of these songs include “La Marseillaise” (mar-say-EZ) and “God Save the Queen”.
[10] Name this organelle which is continuous with the nuclear envelope. Both types of this organelle help with the synthesis of lipids.
[10] The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with these cell structures, which have small and large subunits and are the sites of translation.
[10] Ribosomes synthesize proteins based on codons, which are strings of this many DNA base pairs which encode a specific amino acid.
[10] Name this mythical king of Corinth who twice cheated Death. As punishment in Hades, Zeus condemned this man to the impossible task of rolling a boulder up a hill for eternity.
[10] In the opening scene of the film Raiders of the Lost Ark, this character escapes from a temple while being chased by a giant rolling boulder. This fedora-wearing archaeologist was played by Harrison Ford.
[10] This artist's song "Like a Rolling Stone" appears on his 1965 album Highway 61 Revisited. This Nobel laureate's other folk songs include "Hurricane" and "The Times They Are A-Changin'."
[10] Identify these disturbances in the curvature of spacetime. They are released as the energy from decaying orbits of two massive objects.
[10] Gravitational waves were predicted in this man's general theory of relativity. This man is more well known for relating mass to energy in his equation e=mc ("e equals m c squared").
[10] The L in LIGO stands for this type of light-generating device, which was used in the experiment that discovered gravitational waves. These objects may undergo population inversion and create a beam of light through stimulated emission.
[10] Name this city located on the Absheron Peninsula, the capital of Azerbaijan.
[10] Baku lies on this body of water, which is the largest lake in the world despite being called a "sea". The Volga flows into this body of water, which separates the Caucasus from Central Asia.
[10] Uzbekistan, a country on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, is a major producer of this crop. During the pre-war American South, slaves were often forced to work harvesting this crop on large plantations.
[10] Name this measure of "disorder" in a system. It is typically symbolized S.
[10] According to the second law of thermodynamics, the amount of entropy in a closed system must obey this general trend. A description is acceptable.
[10] In statistical mechanics, entropy is equal to the log of the number of microstates times this man’s namesake constant, which is equal to about 1.38 times 10 -2joules per kelvin. This scientist also co-names a distribution for particle speeds in gas with Maxwell.
[10] At the beginning of the Arab Spring, Mohamed Bouazizi performed this specific action in protest against the Tunisian dictatorship. The Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức ( teek kwang deek) famously performed this action to protest the Vietnam War after covering himself in gasoline. A description is acceptable.
[10] Tunisia is also home to the ruins of this city, which was razed to the ground and its inhabitants sold into slavery after losing the Third Punic War to the Roman Empire. During the Second Punic War, its forces were led by Hannibal.
[10] Cato the Elder, a member of the Roman Senate, argued for war with Carthage by ending all his speeches in the Roman senate with this specific phrase, regardless of whether it was relevant to the ongoing debate, for multiple years until war was eventually declared.
[10] Name this single-reed woodwind instrument also played by Artie Shaw. Most professional players of this instrument must own two, one tuned to B-flat, the most common, and another tuned to A.
[10] The clarinet plays the opening glissando of this George Gershwin piece composed for solo piano and jazz band.
[10] The clarinet was largely replaced in jazz ensembles by this iconic jazz instrument, typically featuring a U-bend and a tilted bell and made out of brass. It was played by stars such as Charlie Parker and Cannonball Adderley.
[10] This former Argentinian president was overthrown in a 1955 coup, only to return to power in 1973. His wife Eva was also a widely popular figure before her 1952 death.
[10] Perón spent his exile in this country. This European country originally colonized Argentina, and its language is spoken there.
[10] Juan Perón’s government was notorious for providing protection to members of this political party, such as Josef Mengele, fleeing prosecution for war crimes.
[10] Name this second-tallest mountain in the world. Found in the Karakoram range, this mountain is nicknamed "the Savage Mountain" because it is notoriously difficult to climb.
[10] K2 is located at the border between China and this Muslim-majority country, in which Urdu is a lingua franca and Punjabi the most common first language.
[10] The tallest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, is located in this other South Asian mountain range that lends its name to a type of pink salt. It forms the border between Nepal and China.
[10] Identify this British author of novels and short stories such as "The Final Problem", in which the protagonist plunges to his death off the Reichenbach Falls along with his mortal enemy, Professor Moriarty.
[10] Arthur Conan Doyle created this brilliant detective, the companion of Dr. Watson and enemy of Moriarty. He was played by Benedict Cumberbatch in a recent television adaptation of some of Doyle's stories.
[10] Public outcry after Holmes's apparent death in "The Final Problem" prompted Doyle to bring him back for this novel, in which Holmes and Watson investigate murders supposedly committed by a demonic animal in Dartmoor.
[10] Name this US general who led a scorched-earth "March to the Sea" through Georgia during the Civil War.
[10] Sherman's March to the Sea began with the burning of this Southern city, the capital of Georgia.
[10] After the March to the Sea, Sherman issued Special Field Orders No. 15, which included orders to distribute land and farm animals to freed black families, as exemplified by this phrase which is often used as a slogan for slavery reparations.
[10] Name these expressions which combine variables and coefficients using basic arithmetic operations. Quadratics and cubics are special cases of these expressions.
[10] This term refers to the largest exponent in a polynomial. The fundamental theorem of algebra says that a polynomial can have at most as many roots as this value for it.
[10] A technique named for this man, his "rule of signs", can be used to find the number of positive real roots of a polynomial. This French mathematician is also the namesake of the standard coordinate plane.
[10] Name this Biblical city. God said that he would only spare this city if ten righteous people can be found there. Along with Gomorrah, this city was destroyed by fire and brimstone.
[10] This figure's wife is turned into a pillar of salt for looking back at Sodom while fleeing the city with him and their daughters.
[10] The tales of Sodom and Gomorrah occur in this first book of the Bible, which also tells the story of the creation of the world and Noah's Ark.