In this colony, John Peter Zenger was acquitted of libeling governor William Cosby, which helped establish freedom of the press. The Stamp Act Congress was held in this colony’s Federal Hall. John Burgoyne failed to establish control of this colony’s (*) Hudson River Valley, and was defeated in this colony at the Battle of Saratoga. For ten points, name this home colony of Alexander Hamilton, where the British failed to capture the city of Albany.
A character in this novel protects his sister, Georgiana, and plans to marry Catherine de Bourgh’s daughter. In this novel, playboy George Wickham and nobleman Charles Bingley romantically pursue (*) Lydia and Jane, two of the protagonist’s four sisters. “A truth universally acknowledged” about marriage among the wealthy begins, for ten points, what Jane Austen novel in which Elizabeth Bennet at first dislikes, but eventually marries, Mr Darcy?
In a common undergraduate lab, students synthesize this compound through phosphoric acid-catalyzed ester-ification. This compound’s starting chemical was formerly extracted from (*) willow bark by doctors, and its modern form was patented by Bayer. Acetyl-salicylic acid is another name for, for ten points, which NSAID [en-sed] pain reliever that can cause more gastro-intestinal side effects than ibuprofen?
In the beliefs of the Latter Day Saints movement, this man was the mortal form of the angel Michael, and lived near Jackson County, Missouri. In Islam, Iblis was banished from Heaven for refusing to bow before this man. This man became the father of (*) Seth after his eldest son committed the first murder. Cain and Abel were the sons of, for ten points, what husband of Lilith and Eve, the first man created by God?
Securities backed by these products are created and sold by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which were taken over by the federal government in 2008. In 2007, during the Great Recession, the “adjustable rate” type of this (*) financial product rose too quickly for their borrowers to pay them off, leading to massive foreclosures. For ten points, give this term for a loan taken out for the purchase of a house.
In this novel, Constance Bonacieux [boh-nah-syoo] tries to retrieve a pair of diamond studs that Queen Anne had given to the Duke of Buckingham, and a fleur-de-lis [flyoor-duh-lee] tattoo reveals that (*) Milady de Winter is a convict. Cardinal Richelieu’s plan is foiled in this novel by d’Artagnan [dar-tan-yan] and a small group of swordsmen. For ten points, name this novel by Alexandre Dumas in which Athos, Porthos, and Aramis make the pledge “one for all and all for one.”
Heron’s formula calculates the area of this type of shape. The orthocenter is found at the intersection of the altitudes of this shape. If the side lengths of this shape are all different, this shape is (*) “scalene,” and if two of its sides are equal, it is called “isosceles.” If this shape has a ninety-degree angle, the relative size of its sides is described by the Pythagorean Theorem. For ten points, name this polygon with three sides.
The Lockheed WP-3D Orion is a nicknamed a “hunter” of these systems, which cannot form near the equator due to a weak Coriolis force. The Saffir-Simpson scale classifies these weather systems, which have an (*) eyewall that drives a storm surge onto land in instances of these system classified as “Category 5.” For ten points, name these violent, tropical Atlantic cyclones exemplified by Ida and Katrina.
This nation-state’s leader traditionally threw a ring from the ship Bucentaur into the Adriatic to perform the annual Marriage of the Sea. This republic was led by a Doge, and its namesake capital city contains the Rialto Bridge and (*) Saint Mark’s Basilica. Gondolas are flat-bottomed boats that help people move around, for ten points, what Most Serene Republic in modern Italy, whose namesake capital city was built over a complex of canals?
This artist painted Olive Trees in a Mountainous Landscape while staying in the village of Saint-Remy ´ [sawn ray-mee] in an asylum. This artist left the Yellow House in Arles after having a falling out with his friend Paul Gauguin, and painted a series of (*) Sunflowers after moving to France from the Netherlands. For ten points, name this artist who painted a looming cypress tree under a swirling sky in his Starry Night.
Systems composed of a pendulum and this device can be modeled by the Duffing equation. This device’s force is equal to stiffness times extension, or “kx” [K-X], according to (*) Hooke’s law, which describes these simple harmonic oscillators. For ten points, name this device, used in trampolines and pogo sticks, that stores energy in its often-metal coils.
An unfinished work by this composer includes a “Lacrimosa” section that was completed by Franz Sussmayr after this man died at age thirty-five. This composer wrote an unfinished Requiem and forty-one symphonies, the last of which is nicknamed (*) “Jupiter.” For ten points, name this prolific Austrian child prodigy who wrote the chamber piece Eine Kleine Nachtmusik [“EYE”-nah KLYE-nah NOKT-moo-zeek], which is sometimes nicknamed “A Little Night Music.”
This literary character usurps the throne of King Pastoria, and is succeeded by Pastoria’s daughter after she escapes from the witch Mombi. This character travels from Omaha in a hot air balloon, and is apprenticed to (*) Glinda to learn real magic, although he uses stage magic tricks to confront the Scarecrow and Dorothy. For ten points, name this magician who rules a fantasy land in a novel by L. Frank Baum.
According to Herodotus, the first female ruler of this civilization was the semi-mythical empress Nitocris, whom Herodotus associated with Menkaure. This civilization was ruled from Amarna by the husband of (*) Nefertiti. Another female ruler of this civilization, Hat-shep-sut, wore masculine clothing to represent the sun god Ra. For ten points, name this ancient African civilization that ruled the area around the Nile river.
Until 1793, statues of twenty-eight kings of Judah stood along this building’s west side. Eugene ` Viollet-le-Duc restored this building in the 1800s, and added a spire that was destroyed in a 2019 fire. This building is known for its flying buttresses and enormous (*) rose windows, and dominates the Ile de la Cite [eel duh lah see-tay], an island in the River Seine [sen]. For ten points, name this Catholic cathedral whose name means “Our Lady of Paris.”
Two songs by this performer say “your silence is my favorite sound” and asks “to give your lack of interest an explanation.” With her brother, Finneas, this singer wrote “You Should See Me in a Crown,” (*) “Wish You Were Gay,” and a song in which this woman sings “I don’t want press to put your name next to mine / we’re on different lines.” For ten points, name this singer who performed “Therefore I Am” on the album Happier Than Ever.
This deity was saved by Sigyn, who used a bowl to catch snake venom that dripped on this deity’s face. This god asked the Sons of Ivaldi to create a cap of golden hair after shaving Sif’s head. This father of the (*) Midgard Serpent and mother of Sleipnir [SLYp-neer] dressed as a maid-servant to accompany Thor on his quest to get back his hammer. For ten points, name this shape-shifting trickster god of Norse mythology.
This novel’s protagonist escapes from slavery with Xury, whom he immediately sells as an indentured servant. While stranded near the Orinoco River, this novel’s protagonist builds a house in a cave and rescues a man he names (*) “Friday” from local cannibals. For ten points, name this novel by Daniel Defoe in which the title sailor is returned to England after being shipwrecked for twenty-eight years on a deserted island.
A speech by this man reflects that, if an assassination against him had succeeded, he would have been unable support the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the Birmingham Campaign. This man gave the (*) “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” speech, in Memphis in 1968, the night before he was successfully assassinated by James Earl Ray. For ten points, name this civil rights leader who also gave the “I Have a Dream” speech.
Larvae of the insect family Agro-myzi-dae are “miners” of these structures, where bundle-sheath cells are found. These structures can be “palmately compound,” and they have parallel veins in monocots. Carotenoid pigments that are (*) yellow and orange become more prominent in these structures before they are shed by deciduous trees. For ten points, name these green plant structures that are the primary site of photosynthesis.
In a short story, this author describes a frightening ebony clock owned by Prince Prospero, who hosts a lavish party in a set of colorful rooms during a plague. In another story by this author, Montressor gets revenge on Fortunato by (*) bricking him into a cellar wall. For ten points, name this American author of macabre short stories like “The Masque of the Red Death” and “The Cask of Amontillado.”
During this religious period, night-time congregational prayers include the Tarawih. Suhur and iftar are consumed before dawn and after sunset during this month. This celebration includes the Night of Power, when the first verses of the (*) Quran were revealed to Muhammad; it is followed by Eid al-Fitr [eed al fee-tur], which is celebrated with feasting. For ten points, name this Islamic holy month devoted to reflection and daytime fasting.
Each of bromine and this element name a type of number used to characterize the unsaturation of fats. A common clock reaction changes color when this element complexes with starch. Pills containing potassium and this element may be issued to victims of (*) nuclear disasters. A product whose name combines this element and “beta” is a popular skin antiseptic. For ten points, name this purplish halogen that can be added to table salt for thyroid health, and that has atomic number 53 and symbol I [EYE].
A New York Times article about this war outlined Daniel Ellsberg’s leak of documents that described the rise of Ngo Dinh Diem [no din dee-yem] and the goal of containing Chinese influence, nicknamed the Pentagon Papers. For negotiating this war’s ceasefire, (*) Henry Kissinger controversially earned a Nobel Peace Prize. Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City after, for ten points, what war in which an American-backed force was defeated by communists in Southeast Asia?
Musical works of this type that are nicknamed Palindrome and Surprise are two of the one-hundred-four of these works written by their “father,” Joseph Haydn. Mahler wrote his “Song of the Earth” to avoid the “curse of the (*) ninth” associated with these works, and Brahms’s first one is nicknamed “Beethoven’s Tenth.” Four movements make up the modern form of, for ten points, what long musical works for full orchestra?
This country was forbidden from allying with Spain in the Peace of Utrecht. Nobles of this country attempted to dethrone a boy king in a rebellion called the Fronde. This officially Catholic country persecuted the (*) Huguenots after the Edict of Fontainebleau. The palace of Versailles was once a royal residence in, for ten points, what country led by the “Sun King,” Louis XIV [fourteenth]?
In 2013, guard Brandon Jennings insisted that this team would win “in six,” even though they were swept in the first round of the playoffs. This team won their first championship in 1971, led by Kareem Abdul-Jabar, and took their second in when Brook Lopez and (*) Khris Middleton did finally beat the Suns in six games. Giannis Antetokounmpo [YAH-niss on-teh-teh-KOOM-poh] plays for, for ten points, what 2021 NBA Champions from eastern Wisconsin?
This work’s narrator rides on the back of Geryon, hears Ugolino describe eating his children, and watches Francesca da Rimini be blown away from her lover by a whirlwind. After entering a gate under the words (*) “abandon all hope, ye who enter here,” this poem’s narrator begins following the dead poet Virgil. For ten points, name this poetic journey through the Catholic Hell, the first section of Dante’s Divine Comedy.
In this city, fifteen “moonlight towers” built in the nineteenth century still operate at night. This seat of Travis County has suburbs called San Marcos and Round Rock, and hosts the (*) South by Southwest festival. This city’s namesake was defeated in an 1836 presidential election by Sam Houston. For ten points, name this city that trails San Antonio and Dallas in population, the capital of Texas.
Xanthe-lasma is caused by deposits of this compound under the skin. It is not bile, but yellow gallstones are primarily crystals of this molecule, whose four-ring structure is the precursor of (*) steroid hormones. The best-selling drug of all time is a statin that lowers this molecule’s LDL or “bad” form. For ten points, name this lipid molecule that is concentrated in shellfish and egg yolks, and that forms plaques that harden arteries.
This man’s successful guerilla campaign in the Sierra Maestra began with only nineteen people. This man’s “History Will Absolve Me” speech became the manifesto of the Twenty-sixth of July Movement. Due to health issues, this man handed the presidency over to his brother, (*) Raul, in 2008. Fulgencio Batista’s government was overthrown by, for ten points, what revolutionary who established the Communist party in Cuba?
This operation is typically applied to n in the binomial theorem, as well as to the time variable in the formula for compound interest. The base of this operation can be zero, unlike the base of its inverse operation, the (*) logarithm. This type of function will always, eventually, grow faster than a polynomial. The “two” in “y equals x squared” indicates, for ten points, what mathematical operation that is written above and to the right of a number?
A McLeod gauge is attached to equipment operating under this condition, which minimizes heat conduction within a Dewar flask. This phenomenon exists between Magdeburg hemispheres, and is found above the mercury (*) column in a Torricelli barometer. Robert Boyle designed an air pump to prove that sound cannot travel through this medium. Aristotle said that “nature abhors,” for ten points, what condition in which a space is entirely devoid of matter?
An authors from this country uses the pen name “Banana,” and another wrote Confessions of a Mask and committed public seppuku [seh-poo-koo] after leading a failed coup. While looking for his cat in a novel from this country, Toru must also search for his missing wife (*) Kumiko [koo-mee-koh]. The Wind Up Bird Chronicle is from, for ten points, what home country of Yukio Mishima [yoo-kee-oh mee-shee-mah], where Haruki Murakami [hah-roo-kee moo-rah-kah-mee] once lived in Kyoto?
This artist created The Virgin of the Rocks using sfumato, a shading technique that created a mysterious atmosphere, which he also used in a portrait of Francesco del Gioconda’s wife. While studying the human body, this artist drew the (*) “Vitruvian Man” illustration, in which a nude man extends his limbs in a circle and a square. For ten points, name this Italian Renaissance artist who painted the Mona Lisa.
This thinker claimed that “history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce” and described a “specter” that is “haunting Europe” when discussing a history of class struggle. This philosopher discussed the (*) proletariat and bourgeois [borj-wah] classes in a work co-written with Friedrich Engels. For ten points, name this German philosopher who wrote Das Kapital and co-wrote the Communist Manifesto.
This deity was the mother of Zagreus and Melinoe, and raised Adonis, over whom she feuded with Aphrodite. Thsi goddess was also known by the name Kore [koh-ray], and was nearly kidnapped by (*) Pirithous. This goddess causes the changing of the seasons by spending part of each year with her mother, Demeter, and part with her abductor, Hades. For ten points, name this queen of the underworld in Greek myth.
This astronomical body is orbited by the second most trojans in the solar system, and by the largest- known non-spherical satellite, Proteus. This planet’s surface has the solar system’s fastest winds, which create the (*) “Scooter” cloud formation as well as a now-dissipated storm nicknamed the “Great Dark Spot.” Fourteen moons, including Triton, orbit, for ten points, what vivid blue eighth planet from the Sun?
Two authors with this surname wrote The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and a novel in which Lockwood meets the ghost of Catherine while staying in a manor house. A member of this family wrote a novel in which (*) Rochester hires the title woman as a governess, and eventually marries her. For ten points, give the last name shared by the authors of Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre, a group of sisters named Anne, Charlotte, and Emily.
This place was the destination of the Peoria Party, who carried flags promoting “[this region] or the grave.” This territory was the focus of a “Great Migration” in 1843. Expeditions that began in (*) Independence, Missouri, attempted to reach this territory’s Willamette Valley. For ten points, name this modern state, the endpoint of a namesake migratory Trail that carried European-Americans to the upper west coast.
On the Pauling scale, calcium’s electronegativity is this number. Racemization [RAY-suh-mah-ZAY-shun] requires this many steps. Silver’s most common oxidation state is this number, which is also the number of hydroxyl groups in phenol. A (*) methyl group contains this many carbon atoms, and halogens need this many additional electrons to reach a full valence octet. For ten points, give this group number of the alkali metals that is also hydrogen’s atomic number.
This historian wrote the book The Naval War of 1812 to advocate for building American naval power, which he later accomplished as a politician by funding the Great White Fleet. With the First Volunteer (*) Cavalry Regiment, this man became the “Hero of San Juan Hill” before being elected Vice President under McKinley. For ten points, name this member of the Rough Riders, who was the twenty-sixth U.S. president.
This action can be performed by Zen Buddhists using a tsu-ku-bai. In Judaism, the limited “netilat yadayim” form of this action can be performed using a cup. This action is performed symbolically through the Christian practice of (*) baptism, and can be performed by Hindus in the Ganges River. For ten points, name this ritual action in which believers purify all or part of their bodies using water.
In this novel, Rose Maylie and Mr Brownlow collect information from Nancy shortly before she is murdered by Bill Sikes. This novel’s title orphan is recruited to a gang of pickpockets led by (*) Fagin by a boy nicknamed the Artful Dodger. For ten points, name this novel in which a young boy accidentally enters a life of crime when he is kicked out of a workhouse for asking for more gruel.
On an episode of this show, titled “Judgment Night,” a passenger aboard the Queen of Glasgow discovers he’s actually a U-boat captain being punished for war crimes. On another episode of this show, William Shatner insists that there’s “some... (*) THING on the wing.” A 2019 remake of this show was narrated by Jordan Peele. Rod Serling created, for ten points, what 1960s anthology show known for its science fiction and supernatural twists?
This country’s Project 596 was part of its “Two Bombs, One Satellite” goal. This country broke with the Soviet Union over ideological differences in the application of Leninism. In 1972, this country hosted (*) Richard Nixon for a diplomatic visit organized by Zhou Enlai [zhoh en-lah-ee]. For ten points, name this communist power that, for much of the twentieth century, was led by Chairman Mao Zedong.
A “Wankel” [VON-kull] one of these devices uses a Reauleaux triangle rotor. This device’s “Carnot” [kar-NOH] type has perfect efficiency. A “four-stroke” type of these devices once relied on carburetors for proper air mixture. (*) Piston compression causes ignition in the “Diesel” type of these devices, which may convey rotational motion via crankshaft. For ten points, which device’s “internal combustion” type is found in most cars?
A poem at the bottom of this expressionist painting describes two friends who walked on “above the blue-black / Fjord,” and who appear in this painting’s background near a railing. A red sky in this painting illuminates boats on the water in a harbor in (*) Oslo, behind a hairless human figure. For ten points, name this painting by Edvard Munch whose subject raises their hands to their face and opens their mouth wide.
In a story by this author translated by Jean de la Fontaine, one of the title characters is told to “dance” instead of eating, since she spent the summer singing. In another story by this author, a title character loses a (*) race against a slower, but more diligent, animal. For ten points, “The Ant and the Grasshopper” is attributed to what Greek slave, whose namesake fables include “The Tortoise and the Hare?”
A palace in this country contains the Court of the Myrtles, and was built during the Nasrid Dynasty. In this country, an eighteen-spired cathedral combining Gothic and Art Nouveau styles has been under construction since 1882, and was designed by (*) Antoni Gaudı. The Alhambra in Granada is within, for ten points, what European country, where the Sagrada Familia cathedral is being built in Barcelona?
This composer wrote a set of Variations to help Count Keyser-lingk deal with his insomnia. This composer dedicated a set of concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg, and used all twenty- four major and minor keys to write a set of preludes and (*) fugues [fyoogs]. For ten points, name this German Baroque composer whose works for keyboard instruments include the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier [klah-veer].
Tourism to this historic compound usually includes visits to the towns of Zalesye and Kopachi and a tour of the Red Forest. This compound’s New Safe Confinement was built in 2016 over a concrete sarcophagus around (*) reactor number four. This compound’s “elephant’s foot” was discovered by “liquidators” in 1986. For ten points, name this power plant near the town of Pripyat in Ukraine, the site of a massive nuclear disaster.
This literary character stores a sixpenny birthday gift in a wooden box and eats it over several weeks. This boy receives an inheritance by outlasting a girl who falls down a trash chute and one who chews an entire meal in a (*) stick of gum and becomes a blueberry. For ten points, Veruca Salt and Violet Beauregard compete with what fictional boy who, in a book by Roald Dahl, tours Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory?
In his taxonomy, Carl Linnaeus described three classifications at this level, including Regnum Lapideum, where he placed rocks. Some classification systems of living things divide one of these ranks, the (*) Monerans, into Archaea and Bacteria. This level of classification in biology is more specific than a domain, but less specific than a phylum. For ten points, name this classification level that can classify living things as protists, plants, or animals.
This country’s city of Maidan Shahr was briefly led by Zarifa Ghafari, its youngest female mayor. A bombing killed nearly two hundred people at this country’s Hamid Karzai Airport. This country’s last president, (*) Ashraf Ghani, fled to nearby Uzbekistan in August 2021. Two weeks of airlift evacuations followed the American withdrawal from, for ten points, what Asian country led from Kabul by the Taliban?
One of these religious structures has a “Cannibal Hymn” inscribed on its walls as part of a “Text” named for these places, and was built for Teti. One of these structures near Saqqara was built for Djoser [JOH-sur] by Imhotep. (*) Mastabas were a “stepped” type of these structures, three of which were built for rulers like Khafre and Khufu near Giza. For ten points, name this large, imposing kind of structure where Egyptian pharaohs were buried.
When this type of angle is involved, the Law of Cosines reduces to the Pythagorean Theorem. Orthogonal lines meet at this type of angle. Triangles can contain a no more than one of either an (*) obtuse angle or an angle of this type. Perpendicular lines meet at this type of angle. For ten points, name this type of angle that measures exactly ninety degrees.
During this geological period, the Sierra Nevadas formed and gymno-sperms replaced seed ferns as the dominant flora. Named for a European mountain range that contains the world’s largest dinosaur tracks, this period included the bird-like (*) Archaeopteryx [ar-kee-op-teh-rix]. This period was dominated by megafauna like Allosaurus, Stegosaurus and huge sauropods like Brontosaurus. For ten points, name this Mesozoic period between the Triassic and Cretaceous.
This thinker wrote a popular newspaper column under the pseudonym Silence Do-good, and used another false name when he published (*) Poor Richard’s Almanac. This politician created America’s first volunteer fire department, and served as the first Postmaster General in the presidential cabinet. For ten points, name this founding father whose portrait appears on the one-hundred dollar bill.
In this novel, Emily de Thoux [duh TOO] meets Cassy and Emmeline after they scare a wealthy landowner to death. Eliza leaves Emily Shelby’s home to save her son, Harry, in this novel. George helps search for Chloe’s husband, who is (*) purchased from the family of Augustine St Clare in this novel, and who is beaten to death on the orders of Simon Legree. For ten points, name this novel about a peaceful American slave, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
This process can be accomplished graphically with vectors in the tip-to-tail method, in which the result of this process is the third side of a triangle. This operation can only be performed on two matrices if they are the (*) same size. Subtraction can be considered an application of this operation on negative numbers. Zero is the identity element of, for ten points, what mathematical operation that, when repeated, is multiplication?
In this novel, Governor Winthrop’s death is linked to the sighting of a meteor that a reverend believes represents the title object. In this novel, Roger Chillingworth tends to his wife’s lover, Arthur (*) Dimmesdale, who dies after acknowledging his illegitimate daughter, Pearl. For ten points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne novel in which Hester Prynne is forced to wear a red “A” on her clothes.
This empire conducted restoration projects on the Dome of the Rock and the walls of Jerusalem in the nineteenth century. Near the end of this empire, it was nicknamed a “sick man.” A sixteenth-century ruler of this empire known as “the (*) Lawgiver” was its longest-reigning sultan. Suleiman the Magnificent ruled, for ten points, what empire that fell in the twentieth century and was based in what is now Turkey?
This man won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology for using vivisection and fistulas to study the digestive system. The concept of “reflex at a distance” was expanded on by this man, with a test in which a (*) buzzer being sounded at the same time as an assistant provided food; both the assistant and the buzzer sound triggered the salivation response. For ten points, name this Russian scientist who studied classical conditioning by feeding dogs.
Zoologist Sten Bergman suggested that a very large species of this animal once lived on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Climate change has caused members of a northern species of this animal to drown while swimming between (*) ice floes, and thousands of its Kodiak subspecies are attracted to annual salmon runs. For ten points, name this omnivorous mammal with “grizzly” and “polar” species.
This religious figure, the son of Maya, developed his theory that life is suffering after encountering illness, age, death, and religious asceticism. This man preached the (*) Middle Way, and he described the Noble Eightfold Path after meditating under the Bodhi Tree. For ten points, name this Indian religious leader who taught his followers how to escape the cycle of reincarnation and enter Nirvana.
Some historians believe that this dignitary was married to Kocoum, and her marriage to a tobacco farmer caused an eight-year cooling of hostilities nicknamed this woman’s “Peace.” This woman adopted the name (*) “Rebecca” and converted to Christianity before touring England with her husband, John Rolfe. For ten points, name this Native American woman who, according to legend, saved John Smith’s life from her father, Powhatan.
This musical work uses the melody of the folk song “At the Gate,” and it opens with the hymn “O Lord, Save thy People.” This work uses “La Marseillaise” [lah mar-sah-YEZ] to represent the invading (*) French army, and represents their defeat with the song “God Save the Tsar.” For ten points, name this work by Pyotr Illych Tchaikovsky that celebrates Russia’s victory over Napoleon in the title year, and which is often orchestrated with cannons.
This quantity and charge are used to predict bond type, according to Fajans’ rules. The Van der Waals definition of this quantity is “half the distance of closest approach,” and an unusual 4-F row reduction in this quantity results from (*) lanthanide contraction. This quantity is largest for cesium and francium, and often decreases when metals lose electrons to form cations. For ten points, name this size measurement that is half the diameter of a neutral atom.
In a poem by this author, the Bellman hires a Beaver and a Baker to help with a hunting trip that ends when the Baker is carried away by a Boojum. This author of “The Hunting of the (*) Snark” wrote a novel set in a chessboard-like land that is reached by going Through the Looking Glass. For ten points, name this author who wrote about the Cheshire Cat and the White Rabbit in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
Robert Dicke’s theory of gravity assumes that this quantity is variable. The Lorentz factor includes a ratio of velocity to this quantity. A rotating mirror is used in a Fizeau-Foucault apparatus to measure this quantity, which is exceeded by (*) electrons in water to produce Cherenkov radiation. Special relativity holds this quantity to be the same for all observers. For ten points, name this theoretically maximum velocity, equal to about three hundred million meters per second.
In 2019, this politician was beat by Mostik, an orange tabby cat, to be the first to cross the Kerch Strait Bridge. In 2021, this politician approved a change to his country’s (*) constitution that allows him to extend his presidency, which has bounced back and forth between this man and Dmitry Medvedev since 1999. For ten points, name this frequently-shirtless ex-KGB agent who is the president of Russia.
This game’s soundtrack includes “Subwoofer Lullaby” and “Stal,” works by C418 [“see” four-eighteen], whose songs can be found on in-game discs. In 2021, this game added goats in an expansion that failed to update its (*) caves or cliffs. An enemy in this game is the result of a coding error that turned what was supposed to be a pig into an elongated monster. For ten points, name this video game in which players can build structures out of digital blocks until they’re blown up by creepers.
This city’s Muddy River runs through Olmsted Park, a part of this city’s Emerald Necklace. This city’s Back Bay area is on the Charles River, across from its sister city, (*) Cambridge. This city’s MLB team plays near Kenmore Square in a park that holds the Green Monster, and one end of Beacon Hill forms this city’s namesake Common. Fenway Park hosts the Red Sox in, for ten points, what capital city of Massachusetts?
A character in this novel battles wineskins and fights Samson Carasco disguised as the Knight of Mirrors. This novel’s title character rides the old horse (*) Rocinante and tries to honor his fictional lady-love, Dulcinea, with the help of a farmer named Sancho Panza. For ten points, name this Miguel de Cervantes novel in which the title man tilts at windmills he thinks are giants while imagining he’s a knight.
This civilization’s gods of death include the “Obsidian Butterfly,” Itzpapalotl [EETZ-pah-pah-lah-toll], and the bat Camazotz. The Popol Vuh was a sacred text of this civilization, and describes underworld (*) Xibalba [shee-BAL-ba]. Priests wore the pelts of jaguars in, for ten points, what meso-american civilization, whose “long count” calendar reset in 2012?
A cast of this sculpture in Meudon sits over its creator’s grave. This bronze sculpture was intended to sit under The Three Shades at the top of the (*) Gates of Hell, and was originally named The Poet, since it depicts Dante Alighieri contemplating the sinners he wrote about in the Inferno. For ten points, name this Auguste Rodin [ow-GOOST roh-DAN] sculpture in which a seated man leans forward pensively with his chin on his hand.
Press Secretary Ron Ziegler described the start of this event as a “third-rate burglary attempt.” During this event, Room 419 at a Howard Johnson motel was used as a lookout post, but officers arrested James McCord and four other people at (*) DNC headquarters. A “smoking gun” tape recorded at the White House revealed the involvement of the president in, for ten points, what 1972 break-in and ensuing cover-up that led to the resignation of Richard Nixon?
A character in this novel learns French by listening to Felix De Lacey read while hiding behind his cottage. In this novel, the tragic death of William, a young boy, is wrongly blamed on the housekeeper (*) Justine Moritz; the murder is actually the fault of a character who also kills Henry Clerval and Elizabeth Lavenza in this novel. For ten points, name this novel in which the title scientist refuses to create a female love interest for his monster, a work by Mary Shelley.
The inaccurate Titius-Bode Law predicted a planet at 2.8 astronomical units from the sun, inspiring the search for these objects. Ceres is both the nearest (*) dwarf planet to Earth and the largest one of these objects, which occupy a band punctuated by Kirkwood gaps. The solar system has hundreds of thousands of, for ten points, what objects in space that inhabit a namesake “belt” between Mars and Jupiter?
This author begins a novel by claiming that “happy families are all alike” but “unhappy families are unhappy in their own way.” A novel by this man follows Stiva, Dolly, and a woman who has an affair with Count (*) Vronsky. An extremely long novel by this author follows five Russian families during Napoleon’s invasion of 1812. For ten points, name this Russian author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.
The geometric mean of two numbers is found by multiplying them, and then performing this operation. Applying this operation to both sides of an equation usually requires a plus-minus sign. The expression “b squared minus four a c” is found within this operation in the (*) quadratic formula. An exponent of one-half is equivalent to performing, for ten points, what operation that, when applied to twenty-five, gives five?
A senator from this state proposed the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. A violation of the Butler Act in this state was argued in court by (*) Clarence Darrow and Williams Jennings Bryan, and focused on a man who claimed to have taught evolution in a public school in Dayton, John Scopes. Al Gore has represented, for ten points, what state whose cities include Memphis and Nashville?
A heterodyne shifts between different ranges of this quantity, whose “cutoff” type marks the boundary between the stopband and passband. For a simple pendulum, this quantity is proportional to the square root of “little g” over (*) length, and it can be calculated as wave speed divided by wavelength. The reciprocal of the period is, for ten points, which quantity measured in hertz, the number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit of time?
In a close-up image of this natural feature, titled Shojin tozan, a group of pilgrims in a straw hats use a ladder to ascend this place. Fine Wind, Clear Morning is one of the (*) Thirty-Six Views of this natural feature created by the woodcut printer Hokusai, which also includes Thunderstorm Beneath the Summit. For ten points, name this mountain that appears in the background of The Great Wave off Kanagawa, a prominent mountain near Tokyo in Japan.
This city’s Gerousia governing body included two jointly-ruling kings. This city’s education system, the agoge [ah-goh-gay], was established by (*) Lycurgus to induct this city’s boys into its army. The helots were a class of slaves in this city, whose king Leonidas was defeated by the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae. For ten points, name this militaristic Greek city-state that frequently fought with Athens.
A character in this play describes “the fairies’ midwife” to mock his friend’s love for Rosaline. A woman in this play jokes that “palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss” at a masquerade ball. The Queen Mab speech is given in this play by (*) Mercutio, who is killed by Tybalt in a duel that is fought over the honor of the houses of Montague and Capulet. For ten points, name this Shakespeare play about “a pair of star-cross’d lovers.”
Description acceptable. African spiny mice are the most capable mammals at performing this process, which requires blastema cells. Unlike other annelids, leeches cannot perform this process, which most arthropods can do until their final (*) molt. Medical researchers have tried to reverse engineer this process that is slow in starfish but rapid in salamanders that have lost limbs. For ten points, name this process that gives a lizard a replacement when it sheds its tail.
In a work about him, this philosopher compares himself to a gadfly because he stings people “in the service of truth,” and defends himself against the charge of corrupting the youth of (*) Athens in the book Apology. This philosopher was convicted of those charges and sentenced to die by drinking hemlock. For ten points, name this ancient Greek philosopher whose thoughts are recorded in dialogues written by his student, Plato.
In the poem Volu¨pa, t´ree of the roots of Yggdrasil [igg-drah-sill] sit over this realm, which contains the home of Heimdallr. Loki transformed into a horse to distract a giant trying to build a wall around this (*) home of the Aesir. Warriors slain in battle are carried to two of this realm’s mead-halls, Folkvanr and Valhalla. Bifrost, the rainbow bridge, connects Midgard to, for ten points, what realm of the gods in Norse myth?
James Bruce ordered the destruction of this city’s Old Summer Palace during the Second Opium War. Ai Wei-wei designed the Bird’s Nest stadium for this city. A 1989 protest in this city became famous for a photo of a man standing in front of a line of (*) tanks. For ten points, name this city that was the site of the 2008 Summer Olympics; the location of Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City; and the capital of China.
A theme from this musical work’s fourth movement, titled “Thaxted,” was used for the British patriotic hymn “I Vow to Thee, My Country.” This suite’s first and second movements are named after a “Bringer of (*) War” and a “Bringer of Peace.” For ten points, named this seven-part suite by Gustav Holst that includes movements named for a particular type of object in our solar system like Neptune, Mars, and Venus.
Before amylase enzyme was isolated, this compound was used to turn corn starch into glucose syrup. The “fizz test” for calcium carbonate applies a muri-atic solution of this compound to rocks. Gold will dissolve in a mixture of (*) nitric acid and this compound, called “aqua regia.” Water and table salt are the products when this compound reacts with sodium hydroxide. Stomach acid consists of, for ten points, which strong acid with formula HCl [H-C-L]?
A novel made up of these written works, Lady Susan, is one of the earliest works by Jane Austen. A novel by C.S. Lewis is named for these written works created by the demons Wormwood and (*) Screwtape. A journal of an author’s time in the Achterhuis [OCK-tayr-hwees] takes the form of these written works addressed to “Kitty,” and relates a budding romance with Peter van Pels. For ten points, Anne Frank’s diary is made up of what written works that are usually sent to another person?
This singer asks “think of me fondly when your hands are on her” in a song that may have been inspired by Joshua Bassett. Since it took inspiration from “Misery Business,” this singer of (*) “happier” added a Hayley Williams writing credit to a song that criticizes an ex’s behavior as being “like a damn sociopath.” For ten points, name this former Disney Channel actress whose explosive 2021 album, SOUR, includes the songs “deja vu,” “good 4 u,” and “drivers license.”
This Christian holiday may have developed from the Roman holiday of Rosalia. During this holiday, purple decorations are replaced with white. An event witnessed by Mary Magdalene is commemorated at sunrise on this holiday, after a vigil that begins on Holy (*) Saturday. This holiday is fifty days before Pentecost, and follows the season of Lent. For ten points, name this Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus.
Maurice Wilson planned to crash a plane on top of this mountain, where he died by other means. George Mallory may have summitted this mountain before disappearing on it, and legendarily declared that he would climb it (*) “because it’s there.” Tenzing Norgay coordinated the first successful climb of this mountain in 1953 with Edmund Hillary. For ten points, name this twenty-nine-thousand-foot-high peak in the Himalayan Mountains, the highest mountain on Earth.
A 2015 study of this region by coda-wave cross-correlation found that it contains spheres with iron crystals aligned at right angles to each other. This region lies under the “D double-prime” layer, and although (*) P-waves are transmitted through it, S-waves are not. Geo-dynamo theory holds that the rotation of this region’s liquid outer zone generates Earth’s magnetic field. For ten points, name this region of Earth consisting of an iron-nickel alloy found below the mantle.
This general ordered William Shippen to inoculate all troops against variola, and used fog as cover to evacuate his troops to Manhattan after the Battle of Brooklyn Heights. A force of (*) Hessian mercenaries were routed by this man in a surprise attack after Christmas Day, 1776. For ten points, name this Commander in Chief of the Continental Army and first President of the United States.
This poem’s speaker imagines “Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor” and begs to “quaff this kind nepenthe” [neh-PEN-thee] to forget his dead lover. This poem’s title figure refuses to go out into the (*) “Night’s Plutonian shore,” and instead perches on a “bust of Pallas just above” a “chamber door” to taunt this poem’s speaker about his lost love, Lenore. For ten points, name this poem by Edgar Allan Poe in which the title bird seems to repeat the word “nevermore.”
This city’s Adams Morgan neighborhood was partially shaped by the L’Enfant and McMillan Plans. This city and its suburbs are surrounded by the Beltway, and it is across the (*) Potomac River from Arlington, Virginia. A Daniel Chester French sculpture in this city sits across a reflecting pool from an obelisk on the National Mall. For ten points, name this planned city, the location of the Lincoln Memorial, Capitol Hill, and the White House.
An essay about this genre of play Apollonian and Dionysian types of it. The central conflict of this dramatic genre should inspire catharsis in the audience, according to Aristotle’s Poetics, which discusses the difference between satyr plays and this genre in the work of (*) Aeschylus and Euripides. For ten points, name this genre of play used to tell stories of personal flaws, fatal mistakes, and misfortune, unlike the genre of comedy.
It is not magnetism, but this property confines the plasma in a hohlraum to fuse deuterium and tritium. A balance named for this concept can measure mass in the absence of gravity. Torque is proportional to a (*) “moment” named for this concept that explains why dishes remain in place when a tablecloth is quickly pulled away. Newton’s first law concerns, for ten points, what principle that describes the tendency of objects to remain either in uniform motion or at rest?
A disaster on this continent required lifeboats to be sent to South Georgia Island, where Sir Ernest Shackleton was able to find help for the rest of the men of the Endurance. During the (*) Terra Nova expedition, Robert Scott died on this continent. In 1911, Roald Amundsen’s team won a race for discovery on, for ten points, what continent that was discovered in 1840 and that is home to the South Pole?
This god is called Nila-kantha because of a story in which he neutralizes the Hala-hala poison. This father of Kartikeya is known as Mahadeva and as Nataraja, the Lord of the Dance. After this god was separated from his wife, (*) Parvati, he cut off the head of his son, Ganesha, and replaced it with that of an elephant. For ten points, name this blue-throated Hindu destroyer god, who forms the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu.
The “steam” form of this laboratory technique does not work on azeo-tropes, but is used to extract plants’ essential oils. A “fractional” type of this process partitions the hydrocarbons in crude oil. This lab technique (*) separates components of a liquid mixture according to their differences in boiling points. For ten points, name this lab technique that is used to concentrate alcohol and produce a namesake form of pure water.
This team forfeited the second game of a doubleheader after rock DJ Steve Dahl’s “Disco Demolition Night” turned into a riot at Comiskey Park. Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned eight members of this team, including (*) “Shoeless” Joe Jackson, for life after they were accused of intentionally losing the World Series. Lucas Giolito [Lucas jee-oh-lee-toh], Eloy Jimenez [eh-LOY hih-MEH-nez], and MVP Jose Abreu [Jose ´ ah-BRAY-yoo] are current players for, for ten points, what American League baseball team that has a local rivalry with the Chicago Cubs?
This event attracted immigrants to a region nicknamed “Jinshan;” the increased population prompted an attack on an outpost on the Fresno River, inciting the Mariposa War. This event began when Charles Bennett and newspaperman (*) Samuel Brannan publicized a discovery made by James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill, and instigated a mass migration. For ten points, name this 1849 event in which prospectors swarmed west to cities like San Francisco in search of a precious metal.
One of these musical works includes the patriotic song “ Land of Hope and Glory” in its “trio” section. Compositions of this type include Edward Elgar’s Pomp and Circumstance ones, which are often played at (*) graduations, and ones named “The Liberty Bell” and “The Washington Post.” John Philip Sousa is the “king” of, for ten points, what musical compositions, such as the “Stars and Stripes Forever,” that help military groups walk in time?
In this novel, an attack led by Pilkington and Frederick ends with the death of a stable boy, and forces Jones to abandon his land. In this novel, the Order of the Green Banner is invented for a leader who chases away a war hero named (*) Snowball after the Battle of the Cowshed. Despite being a “Hero, First Class,” Boxer is sent to a glue factory by Napoleon in this novel. For ten points, name this novel by George Orwell in which a group of pigs take over the title location.
Eight of these vehicles were involved in the failed Operation Eagle Claw. Many of these vehicles were pushed into the ocean after they evacuated civilians from Saigon. The company Sikorsky won a bid to produce these vehicles, which are called (*) Marine One when they transport the US President. During the Battle of Mogadishu, two of these vehicles called Black Hawks were shot down. For ten points, name this type of rotor-powered aircraft that can take off vertically.
Plants found in this ecosystem are the most effective heavy metal traps for iron and copper. A slough [slew] is a type of this ecosystem that is dominated by sawgrass, and other types of this ecosystem grow sphagnum moss that accumulates as (*) peat. Rodent herbivores in this habitat include the muskrat and capybara, and it is home to wading birds like blue herons. For ten points, name this semi-aquatic ecosystem that includes the Everglades and Okefenokee Swamp.
This architect designed the Jacobs Hosue in the Usonian style, and built an Arizona studio to replace his Wisconsin home after it burned down. This architect used geometric art glass windows for a house in Hyde Park, Illinois. This architect of (*) Taliesin [tah-lee-ESS-in] and Robie House designed a home for Edgar Kaufmann whose patios are cantilevered over a waterfall in Pennsylvania. For ten points, name this American architect who created Prairie Style houses like Fallingwater.
Two of this agricultural industry’s “Big Four” are JBS and Cargill, which suffered large outbreaks early in the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2021, the Biden Administration announced aid for this industry in the form of subsidies for small processors, a boost to the (*) Packers and Stockyards Act, and support for ranchers. For ten points, name this agricultural industry that has recently had a sharp rise in prices for steaks.
This author created a character who searches for Nicholas Vedder and Brom Dutcher when he returns from playing ninepins with Henry Hudson in the Catskill Mountains. In a story from this author’s collection The (*) Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, Katrina Van Tassel marries Brom Bones after his romantic rival, Ichabod Crane, is chased away by the Headless Horseman. For ten points, name this author of “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”
The Wei Kingdom-era mathematician Liu Hui estimated the value of this constant with a ninety-six- sided polygon. Euler’s identity [OY-ler’s identity] relates this constant to e, i, one, and zero. One-third height times the (*) radius squared times this constant equals the volume of a cone. For ten points, name this constant, the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter, approximated “three-point-one-four.”
This Greek god comforted Ariadne after Theseus abandoned her. This god took mercy on Tyrrhenian pirates who had kidnapped him by turning them into dolphins so they would not drown. This god inspired his followers, the Maenads, to murder (*) Orpheus, and carried a staff topped by a pinecone called the Thyrsus. For ten points, name this “twice-born” Greek god, who was born from the thigh of Zeus, and who governed vineyards and wine.
In this novel, Tina, Minnie, and Kitty play with a language teacher who lives in Miss Kirke’s boarding house with an aspiring writer. A visit to the Hummel family causes a girl in this novel to say that her sewing needle is “heavy” as she dies of (*) scarlet fever. Another girl in this novel marries Laurie Laurence after her sister rejects him to marry Professor Bhaer. For ten points, name this novel by Louisa May Alcott about Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy March.
It is not Hubble, but a telescope named for this scientist has detected the most exoplanets to date. This scientist incorrectly used regular polyhedra to map distances between planets in his book (*) Mysterium Cosmographicum, and his Astronomia Nova correctly notes that a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals. For ten points, name this astronomer who described elliptical orbits in his first law of planetary motion.
The spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham served as this monarch’s Secretary of State, and stopped the Ridolfi and Babbington plots that threatened this ruler. This monarch’s navy defeated an invasion attempt by Philip II [second] with the help of Sir (*) Francis Drake. Because this monarch died childless, James Stuart inherited the throne after her 1603 death. For ten points, name this final Tudor monarch of England, the sister of Mary I [first] and daughter of Henry VIII [eighth].
At a New Jersey train station, this man’s older brother Edwin saved the life of a son of this man’s victim. Assisting this criminal earned harsh penalties for Doctor Samuel Mudd and boarding-house owner (*) Mary Surratt, who was hanged after housing this man.This man broke his leg by jumping down to the stage during a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theater. For ten points, name this actor and Confederate sympathizer who shot and killed Abraham Lincoln.
This musical work is dedicated to Giulietta Guicciardi, and is marked “Quasi una fantasia.” Critic Ludwig Rellstab coined this musical work’s compared nickname when he compared its constant use of the (*) damper pedal to a night-time reflection on Lake Lucerne. For ten points, name this piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven that uses slow, muffled arpeggios to evoke a dreamy night.
A couple in this novella remove a picture of a woman wearing fur from their son’s room and make money by taking in three tenants. A man in this novella accidentally kills his son by lodging an apple in his back when he crawls out of his room to listen to his sister, (*) Grete, playing violin, even though it is difficult to move on his six thin legs. For ten points, name this short novel by Franz Kafka in which Gregor Samsa transforms into a giant insect.
These objects title a film about Isak Borg directed by Ingmar Bergman. A printed pattern of these objects covers a 2019 textile artwork by Lirika Matoshi that, in 2020, became the “dress of the summer.” With (*) cream, this food is traditionally served at Wimbledon. A Liverpool children’s home named for this food provided the title of a Beatles song that celebrates their “Fields Forever.” For ten points, in the song “Watermelon Sugar,” Harry Styles describes the taste of what fruits “on a summer evening?”
Darwin used this word to describe the “slave” nature of worker ants that care for juveniles. The restlessness of captive-bred sparrows suggests that (*) migration has this quality, as does the fixed-action pattern of geese rolling eggs back to their nests. The palmar grasp reflex of babies is a rare human example of this unlearned type of behavior. For ten points, name this kind of innate behavior that animals know how to perform from birth.
This structure contains fifty-six holes nicknamed for John Aubrey, a seventeenth-century historian who claimed that this structure had been built for rituals. Aubrey suggested that this monument was used by (*) druids because parts of this structure align with the summer and winter solstices. For ten points, name this possibly-religious monument on the Salisbury Plain in southwest England, whose main body is composed of a circle of large rocks.
DNA analysis has confirmed that this ruler’s mother is KV-35-YL, also called the Younger Lady. This final monarch of the Eighteenth Dynasty abolished his father’s unpopular worship of (*) Aten. This ruler came to power at the age of nine, shortly after the death of Akhenaten, and died at the age of eighteen. For ten points, name this boy pharaoh whose tomb and elaborate, golden death mask were discovered in the Valley of the Kings by Howard Carter.
In 1833, the Supreme Court ruled that George Wilson could refuse to accept one of these orders from Andrew Jackson. Jimmy Carter issued these for hundreds of thousands of people who dodged the draft during the (*) Vietnam War. In a White House tradition, this action is performed for one turkey per year prior to Thanksgiving. For ten points, name this executive action performed by Gerald Ford for Richard Nixon, which absolves a person accused of a crime.
Celluloid film stock becomes brittle with age because this process affects the camphor within it. “Cold finger” purification begins with this process, which allows iodine crystals to expose latent fingerprints. A curve representing this change is below the (*) triple point on a phase diagram, and its reverse is called deposition. For ten points, name this phase change, seen when dry ice becomes carbon dioxide vapor at room temperature, in which a solid changes directly into gas.
This novel’s protagonist purchases a coral-and-glass paperweight from Mr Charrington’s shop, where he goes to meet a member of the Anti-Sex League. A character in this novel claims to be aligned with (*) Emmanuel Goldstein and the Brotherhood, but tortures the protagonist in Room 101 of the Ministry of Love with a cage of rats. Julia and O’Brien appear in, for ten points, what dystopian novel about Winston Smith written by George Orwell?
This city contains a sculpture of a warrior queen in a chariot, named Boadicea and her Daughters near its legislative offices in Portcullis House. Four lion statues that were made from melted-down (*) French cannons stand in this city’s Trafalgar Square. The treasures of Sutton Hoo, an Anglo-Saxon ship burial, are held in a museum in, for ten points, what city, the home of Westminster Palace and Big Ben, that is the capital of England?
After an encounter at the Stone Table, a character in this novel uses a “deeper magic from before the dawn of time” to return to life and vanquish a woman who bribes (*) Edmund with Turkish Delight. After defeating the White Witch in this novel, the Pevensie children become kings and queens with the help of the resurrected Aslan. For ten points, name this C.S. Lewis novel in which four siblings travel through a piece of furniture to the land of Narnia.
This quality can be described with Vickers numbers, or with a system that ranks cubic boron nitride just below its highest classification, and places alkali metals near zero. A sclerometer can be used to find this value’s (*) “scratch” form, which is measured on a scale in which talc has a rank of one. For ten points, the Mohs scale ranks diamond as ten on its measure of this property. the ability of a material to resist being scratched or dented.
Description acceptable. J Robert Oppenheimer lost his Q-level security clearance after being accused of having this affiliation. Walt Disney included the Hollywood Ten in a list of employees he suspected of doing this, which he gave to the (*) House Un-American Activities Committee. Joe McCarthy’s “Red Scare” falsely accused people of being members of, for ten points, what political party that dominated the USSR?
This artist created Rebellious Slave and Dying Slave for the tomb of Pope Julius II, and signed the sash of a sculpture in which a youthful Mary holds the body of Jesus. A contrapposto nude sculpture holding a slingshot and The (*) Creation of Adam are works by this sculptor of the Pieta.`For ten points, name this Italian Renaissance artist who sculpted a marble David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
A physicist from this country developed the “path integral” formulation of quantum mechanics. Photon scattering by charged particles was first detected in this country, where BCS super-conductivity theory was discovered. The (*) Michelson-Morley experiment was performed in this nation at a facility that became Case Western Reserve University. For ten points, name this country where Enrico Fermi built a nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago.
The “Wicked Bible” is nicknamed for containing a misprint of this legal text. The first copy of this text was destroyed by the man who received them after he saw his people (*) worshipping a golden calf, and the second copy was kept in the Ark of the Covenant. Moses’s face shone with glory after he received, for ten points, what set of laws that forbids “graven images” and commands “thou shalt not kill?”
These mathematical objects are described as secants [SEE-kants] if they intersect a curve at two points, or as tangents if they intersect a curve at one point. Euclid used the term (*) “breadth-less length” to describe these objects, which can be created by joining two opposite rays. Segments are finite sections of, for ten points, what one-dimensional geometric objects that have infinite length?
This country surrendered Silesia to Frederick the Great’s Prussia in a conflict that ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle [“eye”-lah-shah-pell] and began with the Pragmatic Sanction. The “War of [this country’s] Succession” resulted in the rule of (*) Archduchess Maria Theresa in this country that, under Frans Joseph I, merged with Hungary. For ten points, name this European country ruled by the Habsburgs from Vienna. ¨ ¨
This author wrote a story in which John Unger escapes from Percy Washington’s mansion, which is built on top of an enormous gem. In another story by this author, Marjorie goads her cousin into getting a haircut. This author of “The (*) Diamond as Big as the Ritz” and “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” wrote a novel in which Nick Carraway and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, attend lavish parties in West Egg. For ten points, name this American author of The Great Gatsby.
This god granted Caenis’s wish to be turned into a man after he raped her. This god built the walls of Troy with Apollo, and delayed Odysseus’s return to Ithaca as revenge for blinding his son, the (*) cyclops Polyphemus. This creator of the first horse was the father of Pegasus, and made Pasiphae fall in love with a bull as revenge against Minos. This god lost a competition to be the patron of Athens by giving the gift of a salt spring. For ten points, name this Greek god of the sea.
The third object with this name contained faulty components that prevented it from mapping the Van Allen belt during the International Geophysical Year. A dog named (*) Laika became the first animal in space aboard the second of these objects and, in 1957, the first object with this name kicked off the Space Race. For ten points, name this series of Soviet spacecraft that included Earth’s first artificial satellite.
One of this group’s fatalities, Karl Volfinger, was killed while burying his supplies. James Reed survived this expedition after being expelled for killing John Snyder, one of this group’s (*) wagon drivers. Other members of this group died crossing the Sierra Nevada after they used the Hastings Cutoff to leave the Oregon Trail. For ten points, name this infamous party that resorted to cannibalism while snowed-in in a namesake pass.
The Beveridge curve plots the vacancy rate against this economic quantity. This quantity is called “structural” when it is caused by a gap in the skills demanded by firms and supplied by the market. The 2021 Great (*) Resignation is actually having a low impact on this because of a high retirement rate. Automation threatens to cause an increase in this quantity as certain jobs become obsolete. For ten points, name this measurement of the number of people out of work.
This play’s title character is told that “none of woman born / shall harm” him by the Weird Sisters. A woman crazily mutters “out, damned spot” while consumed with guilt for convincing her husband to kill King (*) Duncan in this play. The Thane of Cawdor sees the ghost of Banquo and is convinced he does not need to fear Macduff in, for ten points, what Shakespeare work nicknamed the “Scottish play?”
In a painting by Thomas Eakins, a woman in black sobs into her sleeve while a man with this profession stands in front of a crowded theater with red-stained hands. Rembrandt painted a group of people with this job watching Nicolaes Tulp give an (*) Anatomy Lesson. For ten points, name this profession held by Hayes Agnew and Samuel Gross, who were painted demonstrating surgeries in progress.
In a game, this character teams up with an alien wisp called Yacker to stop an evil plot disguised as an amusement park. In a cartoon, this character solves problems on Seaside Island with his namesake “Team,” including (*) Miles Prower. This character’s first live-action film was significantly delayed due to backlash over his design, and features Ben Schwartz as this character. For ten points, name this speedy video game protagonist who works with Tails to save the world from Doctor Eggman.
The RC circuit constant, tau, is a value of this quantity, which is the independent variable when taking a dot derivative. Multiplying the square of this quantity by one-half of little g gives free fall displacement. One unit of this quantity is based on the hyperfine transition of (*) cesium-133. This quantity dilates at near-light speed, which can be calculated by dividing distance by this quantity. For ten points, name this quantity measured in minutes and seconds.
This novel’s protagonist wins a guessing game by tearing out the eye of a giant. Two characters in this novel write political essays under the pseudonyms Locke and Demosthenes. In this novel, armies equipped with freeze guns battle in (*) null gravity, and the protagonist of this novel befriends Bean, who helps him use “Dr Device” to destroy the home planet of the buggers. For ten points, name this novel by Orson Scott Card in which Andrew Wiggins attends battle school.
This structure was destroyed after Gunther Schabowski’s accidental declaration that a policy would go into effect “immediately.” Peter Fechter [fesh-ter] bled to death at this structure as guards threatened to (*) shoot potential helpers. “Brain drain” was meant to be prevented by this “anti-fascist bulwark.” Checkpoint Charlie was a border control on, for ten points, what structure that, until 1989, separated East and West Germany within a capital city?
This musical instrument duets with Don Cherry’s cornet on the Ornette Coleman album The Shape of Jazz to Come. A player of this instrument collaborated with trumpeter Benny Harrison on the song “Ornithology,” and another player of this instrument was known for his (*) “sheets of sound” on albums like A Love Supreme and Giant Steps. Charlie “Bird” Parker and John Coltrane played, for ten points, what woodwind instrument, whose E-flat “alto” version has a bent metal body and a jazzy, raspy tone?
This language was used to write works like The Labyrinth of Solitude and Sunstone The author of The Death of Artemio Cruz wrote in this novel, which he also used for the novel The Old (*) Gringo, which describes a North American country’s twentieth-century revolution. For ten points, name this language of European origin that was used by Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz, two authors from Mexico.
If n both is “one less than a power of two” and is this type of number, then n is the only odd factor of a perfect number. The Goldbach conjecture states that every even number greater than two can be written as the sum of two of these numbers; for example, “twenty equals (*) seven plus thirteen.” “Ambiguous factorization” is a reason why the number one is not considered to be, for ten points, what type of number that has only two factors: itself and one?
In 2018, Eric Greitens resigned as this state’s governor after being charged with felonies related to a love affair. Mike Parson is the current governor of this state, whose junior senator rose his fist in support of the (*) January 6th insurgency at the US Capitol and has refused to resign. Josh Hawley continues to represent, for ten points, what midwestern state whose capital is Jefferson City?
Many examples of these compounds begin as resins. Urea-formaldehyde forms one of these compounds that acts as a concrete binder. A Ziegler-Natta catalyst can promote the step-growth mechanism to make these compounds. Vinyl acetate is used to synthesize several (*) plastic types of these compounds, and isoprene sub-units allow latex to harden into natural rubber ones. Rayon and nylon are, for ten points, what large compounds made from chains of monomers?
A namesake species of pink rattlesnake is endemic to this natural feature. Supai Village, the capital of the Hava-supai Indian Reservation, is located within this feature, which is the gateway to the afterlife in Hopi religion. The Kaibab Plateau is (*) bisected by this natural feature, which became a national park after John Wesley Powell mapped it in what is now Arizona. The Colorado River carved out, for ten points, what absurdly large gorge in the American southwest?
This substance and lawfulness are the domain of Asha Vahista, one of six divine beings created by Ahura Mazda. Atash Bahram is the highest classification of this substance, which is always present at an (*) agiary. Holy ones of this substance may never be extinguished, so priests must wear a face mask when handling it. Atar is, for ten points, what substance venerated as wisdom and light in Zoroastrianism, and which is kept burning in namesake temples?
One pathogen in this family causes bluecomb disease in turkeys, and another may be carried by the Asian palm civet. The National Wastewater Surveillance System tracks one of these pathogens, others of which have caused (*) MERS and SARS epidemics. Named for envelope spikes that resemble a layer of the Sun, this virus is combated by RNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer. For ten points, name this virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
A “Witness” one of these objects titles a Pulitzer-winning poetry collection by Robert Frost. In the poem “Mending Wall,” Frost argues that objects of this type cannot “get across and eat the (*) cones” under another type of these plants. In a poem titled for a type of these plants, Frost describes boys “swinging” in these things after “climbing carefully to the top branches.” For ten points, name these tall plants in the poem “Birches.”
The last woman to be hanged in Massachusetts was Rachel Wall, who was executed for doing this. Despite angering the English by engaging in this profession, Grace O’Malley met with Elizabeth I as an equal. (*) Mary Read and Anne Bonny, who received delayed death sentences by claiming to be pregnant, performed this job for Calico Jack. Ching Shih oversaw hundreds of ships as one of the most successful members of, for ten points, what criminal profession on the high seas?
An artwork of this type was destroyed on the orders of Nelson Rockefeller because it depicted Vladimir Lenin, and was called Man at the Crossroads. A work of this type that shows Plato and Aristotle walking together is Raphael’s The (*) School of Athens. A set of these artworks depicting Industry were created by Diego Rivera to line a room in the Detroit Institute of Art. These artworks that are called “frescoes” when they are painted on wet plaster. For ten points, name this type of painting done on a wall.
This measure is quantized by fractions of the Von Klitzing constant in a form of the Hall effect. A Wheatstone bridge can determine this quantity that, unlike reactance, leads to Joule heating. Finding the total value for this quantity requires summing the (*) reciprocal value of each component in a parallel circuit. Conductance is the reciprocal of this quantity, which is measured in ohms. For ten points, name this quantity, equal to voltage over current, that opposes the flow of electricity.
This president’s train refused to stop to aid the victims of a platform collapse that killed thirteen people who were waiting to hear him speak on his “Swing Around the Circle” speaking tour, in which this man ranted against the Radical Republicans. (*) Edwin Stanton barricaded himself in his office rather than allow this man to fire him as Secretary of War. The first US president to be impeached was, for ten points, what man who succeeded Abraham Lincoln?
An ancient statue of this deity in Sais, sometimes believed to be Neith, wore a veil to represent the mysteries of nature. According to Plutarch, Nephthys disguised herself as this deity to conceive Anubis. After this deity’s husband was (*) cut apart by this goddess’s brother, Set, this goddess gathered the pieces from across Egypt, and reassembled his body, making him the king of the underworld. For ten points, name this queen of the Egyptian gods who was married to her brother Osiris.
In a novel from this country, Bamford and Maureen Smales flee to the village of the title Black servant to escape a revolution. In another novel set in this country, Absalom is sentenced to death for the murder of Arthur Jarvis, saddening his father, (*) Stephen Kumalo. This country is the setting of Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People and an Alan Paton novel set during this country’s Apartheid era. For ten points, name this country, the setting of Cry, the Beloved Country, which takes place partially in Johannesburg.
In the steampunk space shooter game Jamestown: Legend of the Lost Colony, the seventeenth century colony of Jamestown is actually this location. In Destiny, the Cabal and Vex fought in Meridian Bay on this planet. The economic real-time strategy game (*) Offworld Trading Company is set on this planet, where Olivia Pierce opens a portal to Hell in the 2016 reboot of DOOM. The Red Faction series is set on, for ten points, what red planet that, in many video games, is the first one colonized by humans?
This country’s Cumann na mBan [koo-mahn nah mahn] paramilitary force included sniper Constance Markievicz, who participated in an attack on Saint Stephen’s Green. The Black and Tans formed to fight for this country’s independence, which it gained in a treaty negotiated by Michael Collins. A General (*) Post Office in this country was the central site of its Easter Rising in 1916. This country gained Home Rule in 1922, leaving its northern portion in the United Kingdom. For ten points, name this country governed from Dublin.
Description acceptable. Food production and this process were the goals of Egypt’s IBTS Greenhouse project. Graphene oxide membranes are the newest technology for this process, which uses ion channel traps in its electro-dialysis form. A solar (*) still achieves this process slowly, and Key West is supplied by a plant that does this by reverse osmosis. Brine is a waste product of, for ten points, what process that creates potable drinking water from seawater?
A character in this novel carries a snuff-box filled with parmesan cheese while on a trip funded by Squire Trelawney. This novel’s protagonist follows Doctor Livesey to Ben Gunn’s cave, where he finds Smollett, the captain of the (*) Hispaniola, who had been run off by his ship’s cook, the peg-legged Long John Silver. For ten points, name this Robert Louis Stevenson adventure novel in which young Jim Hawkins survives a mutiny and finds hidden pirate gold.
A planned highway across this region called BR-230 is largely unpaved between Altamira and Benjamin Constant. Most of the state of Mato Grosso is south of this region; Mato Grosso also includes some of the (*) Pantanal wetlands. Contrary to popular belief, the red-eyed tree frog is not native to this region, but piranhas and anacondas are. Dust from the Sahara Desert blows across the Atlantic Ocean to fertilize, for ten points, what massive tropical ecosystem around the longest river in South America?
This author wrote about a slave revolt on the San Dominick in “Benito Cereno,” and about Turkey and Nippers, whose coworker starves to death, in another story from The Piazza Tales. In a novel by this author of (*) “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” the stuttering title character is executed by Captain Vere for killing John Claggart. In another novel, this author wrote about Ishmael’s journey on the Pequod with the obsessive Captain Ahab. For ten points, name this author of Billy Budd and Moby Dick.
A repeated motif in this musical begins with a tritone that represents Bernardo’s sister. A song in this musical alternates between three-four and six-eight time to describe a place where “industry booms” but there are “twelve in a room.” In this musical, (*) “America” is sung by the Sharks, members of a Puerto Rican gang that opposes the white Jets. For ten points, name this Leonard Bernstein musical in which Tony and Maria’s doomed love retells the story of Romeo and Juliet in 1950s New York.
According to “The Tale of the Heike,” an archer from this country once shot down a fan from the top of a ship’s mast. In the 1180s, two clans fought the Genpei War in this country. Seven hundred years later, another civil war in this country, the (*) Boshin War, ended with the restoration of imperial power under Emperor Meiji [may-jee]. For ten points, name this East Asian country that, during its rule by shoguns like Tokugawa Ieyasu [toh-koo-gah-wah ee-yay-ah-soo], was home to warrior aristocrats called samurai.
This book’s frontispiece includes a Latin quote from the book of Job over a print of a giant holding a sword and staff, whose body is made up of hundreds of (*) people. The final section of this book describes a “Kingdom of Darkness,” and its first part describes the state of nature as a “war of all against all.” A ruler with absolute power should engage in a “social contract” with the citizens according to, for ten points, what book by Thomas Hobbes named for a biblical sea monster?
Sediments in these regions form top-set and bottom-set layers, and the Gilbert type of them marks locations of ancient lakes. An alluvial fan with a bird’s-foot pattern is characteristic of many of these regions, though strong tidal forces prevent the (*) St Lawrence from creating one. One of these regions occurs where the Nile meets the Mediterranean. For ten points, identify this triangular plain at a river’s mouth, shaped like the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.
The linear type of this branch of mathematics is studied with vector spaces. The complex roots of polynomials are the subject of the fundamental theorem of this subject, whose name comes from a ninth- century book by (*) Persian mathematician al’Khwarizmi [al-kwa-RIZ-mee] about “balancing.” This subject is commonly first taught by applying arithmetic to both numbers and variables. For ten points, name this branch of mathematics that solves equations like “three x plus four equals zero.”
This Millennialist religious denomination follows a Governing Body known as God’s “faithful and discreet slave.” This denomination celebrates Memorialization, but does not recognize Christmas, Easter, or (*) birthdays. This denomination’s Weekend Meetings use the “Study Edition” of the Watchtower magazine, and it forbids believers from engaging in military service or receiving blood transfusions. For ten points, name this Christian denomination known for preaching door-to-door.
Discovering the molecular basis for circadian rhythms in this organism earned Jeffrey Hall the 2017 Nobel Prize. The salivary glands of this organism contain large polytene chromosomes. Antenna-pedia mutants of this animal grow legs from their heads, and dumpy mutants have misshapen (*) wings. Thomas Hunt Morgan first observed sex-linked traits in white-eyed members of this species. For ten points, name this insect model organism of genetics whose common name reflects its love for sweet vegetation.
In this novel, a “Voice” gives a set of scientific notebooks to Thomas Marvel, who is shocked to see bread and cheese floating in the air. While trying to start a “Reign of Terror” throughout England in this novel, (*) Griffin describes drugging a cat to reduce its ability to reflect or refract light, and reveals he has done the same to himself. For ten points, name this novel by H.G. Wells in which the title scientist creates a potion that makes him impossible to see.
The group that chartered this ship was forced to take on passengers they called “Strangers,” who had tried to sail on the Speedwell. The journal of William Bradford describes life aboard this ship, whose passengers signed a namesake (*) Compact of laws for the colony they would establish. This ship was supposed to land in Virginia, but storms on the North Atlantic blew it northward. For ten points, name this ship in which the Pilgrims landed near Plymouth Rock.
Three days before this battle, a skirmish at Blackburn’s Ford gave Jubal Early’s men crucial experience. This battle ended with the “Great Skedaddle,” when civilian picnickers fled home in a panic after an expected easy victory finished instead as a loss. Irvin McDowell was routed in this battle, where Thomas Jackson earned the (*) nickname “Stonewall.” The Battle of Fort Sumter was three months before, for ten points, what July 21, 1861 battle, the first major battle of the Civil War?
For the mixing of an ideal solution, this quantity is zero, and it is constant in a Joule-Thomson process. At constant pressure, the derivative of this quantity with respect to temperature yields heat capacity. According to (*) Hess’s law, the change in this quantity for a reaction is independent of the number of steps. This quantity is negative for an exothermic reaction. For ten points, name this state function symbolized H, the total heat content of a system.
This novel’s protagonist is told not to judge a book by its cover by Simmons, Harris, and the other members of Granger’s gang after the Reverend Padover makes him a “backup Ecclesiastes.” In this novel, a (*) Salamander driven by Captain Beatty stops at the protagonist’s house when Mildred reports her husband for possessing literature. The fireman Guy Montag burns books in, for ten points, what novel by Ray Bradbury whose title refers to the temperature at which paper supposedly auto-ignites?
In an open letter celebrating the release of this album’s title track, its artist said “i know we promised to die with the secret.” Nike sued MSCHF [“mischief”] over sneakers painted with ink supposedly mixed with (*) human blood; six hundred sixty-six pairs of those sneakers were made to promote this album. The singles “Sun Goes Down” and “Industry Baby” appear on, for ten points, what 2021 album whose title track, subtitled “Call Me By Your Name,” was the second number one hit for Lil Nas X?
The Irish bodhran [BAW-rawn] is a non-standard instrument from this section, which makes up most of an Indonesian gamelan orchestra. This section plays an ostinato throughout Ravel’s Bolero, and wa´ expanded in Gershwin’s An American in Paris to imitate the sound of (*) taxi horns. In a concert band, this section can include “pitched” instruments like crotales, castanets, and, controversially, the piano. For ten points, name this group of instruments, including tambourines, xylophones, and snares, which are played by hitting them.
This mythical man’s only surviving son, Thessalus, became king of Ialcus. When this man tried to marry a princess of Corinth, both his fiancee and his children were killed by his abandoned first wife, the sorceress (*) Medea. On his most famous quest, this hero led a group that included Atalanta, Heracles, and Orpheus, who helped this man’s crew by playing his lyre to drown out the Sirens. For ten points, name this captain of the Argo who sought the Golden Fleece.
After becoming a king in this poem, the son of Weohstan [way-oh-stan] rages at other warriors for failing to defend their previous king. In this poem, Unferth mocks a visiting warrior over his swimming match with Breca, but lends him the sword (*) Hrunting for a battle with an underwater monster. This poem’s title man rips off the arm of a creature that terrorizes the mead-hall Heorot [hay-oh-roht], and dies fighting a dragon with Wiglaf. For ten points, name this Old English epic poem about a Geatish [“gate”-ish] hero who kills Grendel.
This psychologist contrasted Todestreibe [TOH-des-TRY-buh], the “death drive,” with libido in an essay, and described wish-fulfilling fantasies in the case study “Irma’s Injection.” This author of Beyond the Pleasure Principle proposed the existence of a (*) “super-ego” that mediates the reasoning “ego” and the instinctive “id,” and described a condition in which a man is attracted to women who are like his mother as the “Oedipus complex.” For ten points, name this Austrian psycho-analyst who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams.
This university is home to the Whiffenpoofs, the oldest collegiate a cappella group in the US. Walter Camp, a rugby player for this university, created American football. Former president William Howard Taft and both presidents Bush were members of a (*) secret society at this school that meets in “The Tomb,” the Skull and Bones Society. This university is located near Long Island Sound in New Haven, Connecticut. For ten points, name this Ivy League university that rivals Harvard.
While determining the “affinity to caloric” of gases, this scientist derived an equation relating specific heats to numbers of particles in a reaction. This scientist proved the correct formula for water, and because of his namesake law, (*) twenty-two-point-four liters is the molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure. The term molecule was coined by, for ten points, which Italian scientist whose namesake number is about 23 6.02 x 10 [six point zero two times ten to the twenty-third]?
Followers of this religion can place a “gad” on themselves to request a spirit’s protection. Marie Laveau was a mambo and one of this religion’s fifteen “Queens,” who led a branch of this religion in (*) New Orleans. Spirits in this religion, called lwa [luh-WAH], include Baron Samedi and Papa Legba, who is associated with the Catholic Saint Peter. For ten points, name this Haitian syncretic religion whose namesake dolls are used for healing and communication with the deceased.
Installations by this artist include a set of pillow-like, metallic Silver Clouds and a set of inked wooden blocks representing Mott’s Apple Juice and Brillo Boxes. This artist worked with his namesake “Superstars” to create films like Chelsea Girls in his studio, The (*) Factory, and he used silk-screen printing to create re-colored images of Queen Elizabeth II and Mao Zedong. For ten points, name this American pop artist who made mass-produced images of Marilyn Monroe and Campbell’s Soup Cans.
This country’s secret police, SAVAK, was blamed for the Cinema Rex fire, which killed hundreds of people in 1979. A year earlier, dozens of people were killed in this country’s Jaleh Square on “Black Friday” by the forces of Reza Pahlavi, who was forced into exile after the rise of (*) Ayatollah Khomeini [ah-yah-toh-lah koh-may-nee] in an Islamic Revolution. A leader called a “Shah” once led, for ten points, what Asian country where over fifty Americans were taken hostage for four hundred forty-four days in Tehran?
The red clump on this diagram is caused by helium flash, and its “instability strip” includes Cepheid variables [seh-fee-id variables]. A color-magnitude chart is one version of this diagram, whose Hayashi track contains pre- (*) and main-sequence objects. Super-giants are found along this diagram’s top, and white dwarfs form a band at the bottom. For ten points, identify this diagram, named for two astronomers, that shows the relationship between a star’s luminosity and temperature.
A character in this novel who lives inside of an elephant statue is killed while collecting ammunition, and is named Gavroche. In this novel, the only surviving Friend of the ABC, Marius, marries a girl whose mother sells her front teeth to pay the (*) Thenardier [teh-nar-dee-ay] family. In this novel, Cosette is taken in by a man who spends nineteen years in prison for stealing a loaf of bread. For ten points, name this novel in which Inspector Javert pursues the convict Jean Valjean, written by Victor Hugo.
Successive versions of this type of function are known as jerk, snap, crackle, and pop. This function is typically defined using the limit of a difference quotient, and when working with polynomials, the power rule and (*) chain rule are commonly used to find this type of function. The slope at a point on a curved line can be calculated using this function. The notation “f prime of x” is used to denote, for ten points, what type of function from calculus that is the opposite of an integral?
The last remaining structure of this city’s 1915 World’s Fair is the Palace of Fine Arts. This city’s “painted ladies” are Victorian houses repainted in modern colors. The northern tip of this city is home to Ghirardelli Square and (*) Fisherman’s Wharf. The Haight-Ashbury neighborhood in this city was the birthplace of the “Summer of Love.” The largest Chinatown outside of Asia is in, for ten points, what California city that is home to the Golden Gate Bridge?
The Shine-Delgarno sequence initiates this process in prokaryotes, and tetra-cycline antibiotics inhibit this process by targeting the thirty-S subunit. An amino-acyl synthe-tase enzyme charges the (*) tRNAs needed for this process, and a transferase enzyme makes new peptide bonds between the A and P sites during it. The codon A-U-G marks the start of, for ten points, what process that scans mRNA to assemble a protein at a ribosome?
A lullaby in this story collection warns “summer gales and Killer Whales / are bad for baby seals,” and is set in the Bering Sea. “The White Seal” is in this collection, in which Nag and Nagaina are killed by (*) Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, a mongoose. Shere Khan, a tiger, is killed in this book by a student of the wise bear Baloo and the panther Bagheera. For ten points, name this collection of stories about the “man-cub” Mowgli and his animal friends, written by Rudyard Kipling.
Each of the two Jelling [“yelling”] stones was raised by a king of these people, Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth. These people attacked monasteries in places like Lindisfarne in 793, and they encountered “skraelings” in (*) Vinland during the expedition of Leif Eriksson. The “Great Heathen Army” was made up of, for ten points, what seagoing Germanic people who often decorated their ships with dragon heads, but did not actually wear horned helmets?
In this novel, John Seward receives letters describing Renfield’s madness and begging him to help Arthur Holmwood’s sick fiancee. A professor in this novel packs a paste of communion wafers around the door of (*) Lucy Westenra’s tomb and in the boxes of earth that the title character transports to England from Transylvania. Abraham Van Helsing, Mina Murray, and Jonathan Harker hunt the title Count in, for ten points, what Bram Stoker novel about an archetypical vampire?
This substance makes up the mantle of the moon Triton, and erupts from “tiger stripes” on Enceladus to form the E ring of Saturn. It is not gas, but this substance names a type of giant planet exemplified by (*) Uranus. Oort cloud objects, including comets, consist mainly of this substance, which forms a crust over Europa’s possibly-liquid oceans. For ten points, name this substance abundant at Earth’s polar caps, the frozen form of water.
Brumbies are a feral type of these animals that roam Australia. Although the Hall of the Bulls is the most famous section of the Lascaux [lass-koh] caves, these animals are the most common to be painted on its walls. The rise of the Proto-Indo-Europeans is tied to their domestication of these animals on the Russian (*) steppe. Parthian archers mastered the ability to turn around and shoot arrows while riding, for ten points, what animals that can be used to pull chariots and plows?
In this novel, Matthewson makes a wager at the Eldorado Saloon that this novel’s protagonist cannot move a one-thousand-pound load, and loses his money to Hans and Pete. This novel’s protagonist kills a group of (*) Yeehat Native Americans to avenge the death of John Thornton, the first man to treat him well since he was trained by a man in a red sweater to be a sled dog. For ten points, name this Jack London novel in which Buck answers the title summons by joining a wolf pack.
This woman successfully sued William Randolph Hearst for libel after one of his newspapers falsely claimed that she had been stealing to support a cocaine habit. This woman, who married Frank Butler after besting him in a contest, was named Watanya Cicilla by (*) Sitting Bull, who performed with her for a few months in 1885. “Little Sure Shot” was the touring nickname of, for ten points, what prolific sharpshooter who performed in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show?
One of these poems warns “die single and thine image dies with thee,” and urges “now is the time that face should form another” while addressing a subject known as the Fair Youth. Another of these poems addresses a (*) Dark Lady whose lips are less red than coral and whose “breasts are dun,” and begins “My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun.” Rhyming couplets typically end, for ten points, what fourteen-line poems frequently written by William Shakespeare?
A “geographic” pattern of patches can appear on this organ due to leukoplakia. This organ’s frenulum is tied to another body part in ankylo-glossia, and a protruding one is symptomatic of (*) Down syndrome. It is not a tail, but chameleons possess a prehensile one of these organs that is covered in spiny papillae to assist cats with grooming. Sublingual salivary glands and taste buds are associated with, for ten points, which muscular organ inside the mouth?
Oxfam was founded to alleviate a famine in this country. This country celebrates “No Day,” a holiday that commemorates a refusal to cooperate with Benito Mussolini, given by Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas. The Earl of Elgin looted marble (*) sculptures from this country, and the British Museum refuses to repatriate them. Since 2007, a debt crisis has plagued, for ten points, what country where the Parthenon stands in Athens?
Thomas Edison built the first American power plant, the Pearl Street Station, to light streetlamps in this place. In 1920, Italian anarchists set off a bomb in this place that killed forty people; the bomb was carried in a wagon that stopped in front of the headquarters of (*) J.P. Morgan. The eight blocks of this place stretch from the East River to Broadway and include the NYSE building. For ten points, name this street in downtown Manhattan, the heart of New York’s Financial District.
This term describes the mass of the hypothetical “dark fluid.” The Hammett function of a super-acid has this property. In a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the electrode with this property. A spontaneous reaction has this kind of change in (*) Gibbs free energy, and a standard enthalpy change of this type makes a reaction exothermic. Anions possess, for ten points, what kind of charge bestowed by a net gain of electrons?
The surface form of this quantity is measured with a pyrometer. The first reliable tool for measuring this quantity was a sealed glass tube of (*) mercury. Absolute scales for this quantity include Rankine and Kelvin, and its standard scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water. For ten points, name this quantity recorded in degrees Celsius.
Six men in this poem die when their ship passes between Scylla and Charybdis. The hero of this poem tricks Polyphemus, a (*) cyclops, and kills a band of suitors with his son, Telemachus, to reunite with his wife, Penelope. For ten points, name this ancient epic poem by Homer in which the title Greek hero returns home to Ithaca.
In 1934, the controversial construction of the Parker Dam on this river required the National Guard to muster the Arizona Navy. Dams on this river form the Glen Canyon Dam and Lake (*) Mead, which is formed by the Hoover Dam. For ten points, name this river of the American West that flows through the Grand Canyon and starts in the Rocky Mountains of its namesake state.
A religious figure often depicted performing this action in padma-sana, named Gautama, achieved enlightenment by performing this action under the (*) Bodhi tree. Some modern forms of this practice use mantras, repeated patterns of speech or thought, to promote sati, or “mindfulness.” For ten points, name this common practice in Buddhism and Hinduism, the act of engaging in deep reflection.
Justice Ward Hunt decided this woman’s guilt before her trial began and told the jury to declare her guilty. In post-trial remarks, this woman argued that she had the “right to a voice” in government and threatened that she would never (*) pay a one hundred dollar fine that was levied in June 1873. For ten points, name this American suffragist who was convicted of illegally voting, and who is honored on a one-dollar coin.
This character stars in a 2010 game in which he must repair a world created by Yen Sid with a magic paintbrush. In Kingdom Hearts II, this character meets Sora in a world based on the 1928 film (*) Steamboat Willie. Hundreds of silhouettes of this character’s head can be found scattered around a massive amusement park near Orlando, Florida. For ten points, name this rodent mascot created by Walt Disney.
This author’s translation of the Red Book of Westmarch changes the names Kalimac and Banazır into ˆ Meriadoc and Samwise. In one of this author’s novels, the Rohirrim join in a battle against thousands of (*) orcs. In another novel by this man, Bilbo Baggins is sent on a journey with thirteen dwarves by the wizard Gandalf. For ten points, name this linguist and author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
This composer wrote an Italian Capriccio and died just days after the premiere of his sixth and final symphony, the Patheti´ue. Another piece by this composer uses melodies from “La Marseillaise” [mar-sah- YEZ] and “God Save the (*) Tsar” to depict a failed invasion, and was premiered outdoors to include an unusual instrument. For ten points, name this Russian composer who used church bells and cannons in his 1812 Overture.
In July 1994, scientists studying this object made the first observance of an extraterrestrial collision when fragments of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet crashed into this (*) planet. This planet’s gravitational pull creates the Kirkwood gaps, which are empty regions within the nearby asteroid belt. The Great Red Spot is found on, for ten points, what gas giant, the largest planet in our solar system?
This country’s throne was contested in the War of the Three Henrys. Catherine de’ Medici incited the 1572 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in this country. The Edict of (*) Nantes [nahnt] gave religious protection to this country’s Protestant Huguenots. For ten points, name this country where Henry IV justified converting to Catholicism by saying, “Paris is worth a mass.”
Foods rich in this substance are called antiscorbutics [anti-skor-byoo-tiks]. Nobel laureate Linus Pauling advocated taking mega-doses of this compound to (*) prevent the common cold. This compound is needed by the body to build collagen, so its deficiency will result in scurvy. For ten points, name this vitamin concentrated in citrus fruits like limes and oranges.
Three windows in this work’s background align with a real-life doorway in the Santa Maria dele Grazie that cuts off the feet of this painting’s central figure. A man in this work knocks over a (*) salt cellar and clutches a bag of silver while the men around him argue about the revelation that their leader will be betrayed. For ten points, name this painting by Leonardo da Vinci that shows Jesus’s final meal with his disciples.
In the Collatz conjecture, this type of number is tripled, then has one added to it. Polynomials with this type of degree always have a real root. Adding two of these numbers together always gives you a number (*) without this property. All prime numbers except two are, for ten points, what type of number that has reminder 1 when divided by two and is thus contrasted with even?
The Blue and Green demes [deems] were fans of this sport who clashed in the Nika Riots, which began in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. Gaius Appuleius Diocles [gah-yuss ah-poo-lee-us dye-oh-kleez] became the wealthiest athlete in history by operating a (*) quadriga in this sport. Ancient Olympic prizes for this sport were given to the owner, not the driver. Rome’s Circus Maximus held competitions of, for ten points, what sporting event involving horse-drawn vehicles?
An early version of this story concerns the Greek slave girl Rhodopis. In the Grimm Brothers version of this story, Aschenputtel’s sisters cut off their (*) toes to trick a prince. Charles Perrault may have mistranslated a word meaning “fur” as “glass” when describing a pair of slippers in this story. For ten points, name this fairy tale in which a servant girl’s fairy godmother helps her go to a ball and marry a prince.
In 2002, this country was the site of the Godhra train burning, which led to deadly religious riots in Gujarat that may have been promoted by this country’s current Prime Minister. The BJP party holds a majority in this country’s lower house of Parliament, the (*) Lok Sabha, despite its controversial ties to the nationalistic Hindutva movement. Narendra Modi leads, for ten points, what country whose Parliament meets in New Delhi?
In the Iliad, this figure goes to her mother Dione after being wounded by Diomedes. This goddess gave Hippomenes [hih-PAH-meh-neez] golden apples to woo Atalanta. This mother of (*) Phobos and Deimos sparked the Trojan War when she promised Helen to Paris, and she was captured in a net with Ares by her husband Hephaestus. For ten points, name this Greek goddess of love and beauty.
This naturalphenomenoncanbegraphed by sinusoidal [sye-nuh-soy-dull] functions. This phenomenon’s standing type has minimal displacement at its nodes. Compton scattering demonstrates that light behaves like a (*) particle, and not just as this phenomenon. For ten points, name this physical phenomenon that can carry energy without transferring mass, as seen on the moving surface of the ocean.
A brother and sister in this novel reunite with Sandy and Dennys after returning from Camazotz with Calvin O’Keefe. In this novel, Mrs (*) Who quotes First Corinthians to the protagonist to tell her to use her love for her brother to save Charles Wallace from IT. For ten points, name this novel by Madeleine L’Engle in which Meg Murry uses a tesseract to save her father while traveling through the multiverse.
This agreement was negotiated by ambassadors James Monroe and Robert Livingston, who included a fifteen million collar payment that was to be used to (*) invade England. After this agreement, Thomas Jefferson launched the Lewis and Clark Expedition. For ten points, name this agreement that nearly doubled the size of the United States by buying, among other territory, New Orleans.
A poem by William Blake asks one of these animals, “did he who made the Lamb make thee?” and describes this animal “burning bright / in the forests of the night.” Another of these animals discovers he doesn’t like (*) honey, thistles, or acorns shortly after moving to the Hundred Acre Woods. For ten points, name this big cat, a stuffed one of which has a misspelled name and loves bouncing in A.A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh.
This man disclosed loans from his parents in a speech that became nicknamed for a cocker spaniel. In 1973, this man spoke at Disney World, declaring “I’m (*) not a crook;” a year later, after a “smoking gun” tape was released, he wrote a letter to Henry Kissinger resigning his office. Gerald Ford succeeded and pardoned, for ten points, what US President who was embroiled in the Watergate scandal?
This orchestral instrument plays the opening “Promenade” theme of Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition, and several of them play the rising notes C-G-C to open Strauss’s Also Sprach Zarathustra. This (*) valved instrument is commonly used to play “Taps.” The cornet and bugle are relatives of, for ten points, what highest-pitched brass instrument?
The Power of a Point theorem concerns the distance of a point from one of these figures. The equation x squared plus y squared equals r squared, where r is a real number, will (*) graph one of these shapes, which are defined as all points that are the same distance from one point. For ten points, name this shape whose area formula is pi times the square of its radius.
These structures can undergo events classified as Plinian or Strombolian. These structures can cause lahars, which are very quick, wet mudslides, and can release pahoehoe [pa-hoh-ay-hoh-ay]. These natural structures can launch tephra and (*) superheated gas in a pyroclastic flow down their sides. For ten points, name these geologic features that, when pressures rise in underground magma chambers, may explosively erupt.
This work suggests that all history is “the history of class struggles,” and discusses the opposing classes of (*) bourgeoisie [BOO’r-jwah-zee] and proletariat. A new ideology based on workers owning the means of production is described in, for ten points, what revolutionary pamphlet by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx that inspired the politics of Soviet Russia?
This soldier was declared a martyr by Pope Callixtus III. Saint Michael is a patron saint of France in part because this soldier had visions of Saints Michael, Margaret, and Catherine telling (*) her to escort the Dauphin [doh-FAN] to Reims [rehm], which required her to lift the English siege of Orleans [or-lay-on]. French armies in the Hundred Years’ War rallied behind, for ten points, what peasant girl who was burned at the stake?
This man Drafted a charter of peace between the Peoples of the Book during the Hijra. in the Cave of Hira, this Seal of the Prophets was told to (*) “Recite!” by the angel Jibreel. To escape persecution, this man led his followers to Medina from Mecca after he received the revelation of the Quran. For ten points, name this Final Prophet, the founder of Islam.
A character in this novel who obsesses over the memory of Rosy Rosenthal’s shooting, Meyer Wolfsheim, refuses to attend the funeral of this novel’s title character. (*) George Wilson shoots the title man in this novel after Tom pretends not to know that the yellow car that ran over Myrtle was driven by Daisy Buchanan. Nick Carraway narrates, for ten points, what novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald?
A gradient of these particles powers the ATP synthase enzyme. By the Bronsted-Lowry definition, bases are acceptors of these particles, whose concentration is measured on the (*) pH scale. A hydrogen ion is equivalent to, for ten points, what particle that determines the atomic number of elements, a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms?
A 1956 revolution in this country targeted Fulgencio Batista and was supported by Che Guevara. A leader of this country finally transferred power to his brother, (*) Raul, in 2006. The U.S. strengthened an embargo against this country following a 1962 crisis over missiles placed here by the Soviets. For ten points, name this country that was led by Fidel Castro from Havana.
One of these animals, Tamiu, was entombed with Prince Djhutmose. The Book of the Dead describes Ra as one of these animals biting the serpent Apep, a tribute to these animals’ defense of Egyptian (*) grain storage. Though she originally had the head of a lion, a goddess with the head of this animal guarded mothers and was called Bast. For ten points, name these domestic animals revered by ancient Egyptians for their skill at hunting rats and mice.
A novel from this modern country follows the adventures of one hundred and eight outlaws and is called Water Margin. In another novel from this home country of Dream of the Red Chamber, Buddha traps (*) Sun Wukong under a mountain. Journey to the West is from this country, whose Romance of the Three Kingdoms focuses on the warring states of Wei, Shu, and Wu. The Four Classics are novels from, for ten points, what large Asian country?
In Ted Maiman’s first functional example of these devices, the gain medium, where population inversion was achieved, was a ruby crystal. These devices use stimulated emission to create a coherent (*) beam of light at a single wavelength, allowing a tighter focus than a traditional lamp. Optical disk drives read data off DVDs by using, for ten points, what type of device that emits a colored beam of light?
This city’s NFL team wasted a 2014 first round pick on Johnny Manziel [man-zell]. In a 2017 trade, this city’s NBA team received Isaiah Thomas from Boston in exchange for (*) Kyrie [kye-ree] Irving, who helped this city come back from being down three-to-one against Golden State in the 2016 NBA Finals. LeBron James played eleven seasons in, for ten points, what city where the NFL’s Browns and NBA’s Cavaliers play in northern Ohio?
A gold and ivory sculpture of this god by Phidias holds Nike in his right hand and sits on a throne. A statue of this god in the Temple at (*) Olympia was one of the Ancient Wonders of the World. A French artist added a raised arm holding a thunderbolt to a Smyrnan statue of, for ten points, what sky god, the head of the Greco-Roman pantheon?
The Paseo de la Reforma runs through this city, which sinks about a meter every year due to the drainage of the basin of Lake Texcoco [tesh-koh-koh]. The (*) ancient ruins of Tenochtitlan [teh-nohk-teet-lahn] were replaced by the construction of, for ten points, what largest North American city, the capital of the southern neighbor of the USA?
Guttation is caused by the movement of this substance at night. The cohesion-tension model explains the movement of this substance through tracheids and vessel elements. Stomata are closed to prevent the loss of this substance by (*) transpiration, and a central vacuole stores most of this substance in a plant cell. The xylem transports, for ten points, what liquid that enters plants through the roots?
This speech resolves that “these dead here shall not have died in vain.” This short speech ends by describing a (*) “government of the people, by the people, for the people,” and it was given to commemorate a Pennsylvania battle. For ten points, name this November 1863 speech by Abraham Lincoln that begins, “Four score and seven years ago.”
The narrator of this work loses her roommate Margot when Dr Dussel moves into the Annex. This work’s narrator writes that “in spite of everything, I believe [...] people are truly good at heart” only days before its author was taken to (*) Bergen-Belsen, where she died at the age of fifteen. Entries addressed to “Kitty” comprise, for ten points, what journal written by a Jewish girl hiding in Amsterdam from Nazis?
Varroa mites feed on these animals and can spread deformed wing virus to them, and can undergo colony collapse disorder. Karl von Frisch determined that these animals communicate food locations via (*) dancing. Male ones of these animals are only used for mating and do not assist female workers with gathering nectar or pollen. Habitat loss and the use of pesticides threaten, for ten points, what insects that produce honey?
One of these construction projects required moving the temples of Abu Simbel. In 2017, the spillways at a 770-foot-tall one of these projects named Oroville nearly failed. The baiji (*) dolphin went extinct in Hubei province after one of these projects, named Three Gorges, was built. For ten points, name this type of structure that generates hydroelectric power and holds back immense amounts of water.
In this country, Elizabeth McGovern portrayed Cora Crawley, who nearly dies of Spanish flu. In 2017, Jodie Whittaker became the first woman in this country’s history to play a previously male role after succeeding Peter Capaldi in a (*) “regeneration.” One of this country’s classic blue police boxes is used as a prop for the TARDIS, a time machine. Downton Abbey is set in, for ten points, what country where Doctor Who airs on the BBC?
In a story by this author, the title character refuses to do work with the reply “I would prefer not to.” This author of “Bartleby, the Scrivener” wrote about Captain Vere executing the title character for killing John Claggart in (*) Billy Budd. In another novel by this author, Ishmael survives the sinking of the Pequod after Queequeg, Starbuck, and Captain Ahab are killed by a white whale. For ten points, name this author of Moby Dick.
This artist impressed Georges Braque with a painting of five nude women with geometric faces reminiscent of African masks. This man painted an old man playing an instrument during his (*) Blue Period. This creator of The Old Guitarist and Les Demoiselles D’Avignon [lay day-mwah-zels da-VEE-nyawn] was inspired by a bombing in the Spanish Civil War to create an enormous black and white painting of destruction. For ten points, name this painter of Guernica and co-founder of Cubism.
In a voltaic [vol-TAY-ick] cell, a bridge named for this type of substance is responsible for maintaining charge balance. One of these substances can form the mineral halite. Water that has a high concentration of these compounds is called (*) brine and has high salinity. For ten points, name this type of solid compound formed by a cation and anion, a common example of which is sodium chloride, NaCl [spell it], used in cooking.
This ritual is forbidden to Zoroastrians because this action fills Atar with the impurities of a human body. In Hinduism, less than a day should elapse between (*) death and this action, after which relatives may take their loved one’s remains to the river Ganges to scatter them. For ten points, name this action, in which a person’s body is reduced to ashes.
A short story collection written in this language describes a man who cooks his prized bird to court a widow in “Federigo’s Falcon,” one of a (*) hundred stories told by a group of young nobles fleeing the Plague. Sonnets written in this language are divided into an octet and a sestet in a style named for Petrarch. For ten points, name this language of the Decameron by Boccaccio, a writer from Florence.
During a failed one of these events in Pennsylvania, “Fort Frick” was reinforced by three hundred armed Pinkerton agents in 1892. In 1894, Grover Cleveland ended one of these events that began in (*) Pullman, a company town where Eugene V. Debs helped organize a boycott against the Pullman company’s train cars. Labor unions seeking better conditions may organize, for ten points, what type of protest in which employees refuse to work?
In 2018, John Allen Chau was killed on an island in this ocean while trying to serve as a missionary to the Sentinelese. This ocean includes the Gulf of Khambhat and the Meghna River delta which are, respectively, part of the (*) Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, found on opposite sides of the country that shares its name with this ocean. For ten points, name this ocean between Africa and Australia.
In a novel by this author, James Laurence receives a pair of slippers from his young neighbor and, in return, gives her a piano belonging to his deceased daughter. This author wrote a novel in which Professor (*) Bhaer and Laurie marry two of the title girls, and Beth dies of scarlet fever while her sisters, Meg, Jo, and Amy March, come of age. Jo’s Boys and Little Men are by, for ten points, what author of Little Women?
This thinker wrote “Hypotheses non fingo” to counter accusations that supernatural forces were required to explain the theories in his Principia Mathematica. Bodies have (*) inertia - that is, a body at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by a force - according to this thinker. For ten points, name this 17th century English physicist who described three laws of motion.
This country and Germany signed the 1922 Treaty of Rapallo, which undid much of their earlier Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. This country signed a 1939 pact named for von Ribbentrop and this country’s foreign minister, (*) Molotov, which was broken after Operation Barbarossa, the massive 1941 Nazi invasion of this country. For ten points, name this communist country led during World War II by Joseph Stalin.
This type of instrument is used in Japan to perform taiko music. A goblet-shaped one of these instruments from West Africa is the djembe, and a pair of these instruments used in namesake Cuban music are (*) congas. The “kettle” types of these instruments can be tuned and are also known as timpani. Bass and snare are common varieties of, for ten points, what percussion instruments that are typically played by hitting a surface with sticks?
A presidential candidate from this state was criticized for his consulting work with McKinsey for health insurers in Michigan. This state’s politicians include current Democratic presidential candidate Pete Buttigieg [boot-idge-idge], the former mayor of (*) South Bend. Eric Holcomb succeeded Vice President Mike Pence as the governor of, for ten points, what Midwestern state west of Ohio?
During this event, a series of “executive overflow” alarms were correctly ignored, as planned by software engineer Margaret Hamilton. The success of this event was met with the reply “Tranquility, we copy you on the ground” from (*) Houston’s Mission Control. For ten points, name this 1969 event in which the Eagle was piloted by Buzz Aldrin and commanded by Neil Armstrong, winning the “Space Race.”
The members of this mythical group resided on Mount Helicon, and the Hippocrene spring was sacred to them. Orpheus was the son of one of these figures, who were the children of the Titan (*) Mnemosyne [m’nih-mah-sih-nee] and Zeus. Calliope and Thalia represent epic poetry and comedy in, for ten points, what group of nine goddesses of the arts?
This man stole a large cash prize from Rodrigo de Triana, who was actually the first crew member to see Guanahani. This man, who enslaved hundreds of Taino and Arawak people on Hispaniola and other islands, is (*) celebrated on a holiday replaced in many communities by Indigenous Peoples’ Day in October. For ten points, name this explorer whose three ships, the N˜na, Pinta, and Santa Maria, sailed to the Americas in 1492.
In this novel, a “littlun” with a mulberry-colored birthmark dies in a forest fire started by an attempted smoke signal. In this novel, Simon hallucinates that a (*) pig’s head on a stick is the title demon, and is killed by a group that includes Ralph and Piggy. For ten points, name this novel in which boys stranded on a deserted island descend into savagery, written by William Golding.
The smallest type of this value is represented by aleph null. In a thought experiment, David Hilbert’s “Grand Hotel” features this many rooms, all occupied, and is still able to accommodate (*) more guests. The set of whole numbers has a “countable” type of this size. For ten points, give this value, the number of digits in the decimal expansion of pi, that is represented by a sideways eight.
The efficiency of refrigerators was once rated in frigories, a unit equivalent to one of these units per hour. It is not a unit of mass or temperature, but one of these units defines the specific heat of (*) water. There are 4.184 joules in the small version of this unit, and there are nine of their large kind in each gram of fat. For ten points, name this non-SI unit that is listed on packages to show the energy content of food.
The coastal resort of Provincetown lies on the tip of this state’s eastern region, and cities like New Bedford lie on Buzzards Bay in this state’s south. Myles Standish State Forest is found in a coastal region of this state, which includes the islands of Chappaquiddick, (*) Martha’s Vineyard, and Nantucket. Plymouth Colony was established in what is now, for ten points, what New England state that borders both Connecticut and Rhode Island?
A deadly biochemical attack in this country occurred when Aum Shinrikyo [ah-oom sheen-ree-kyoh], a doomsday cult, released sarin gas in this country’s capital’s (*) subway system. This country, which committed war crimes during its control of Manchukuo, controversially issued textbooks ignoring those crimes and others in China and Korea during World War II. For ten points, name this country currently led by Shinzo Abe [ah-bay].
In a novel by this man, Griffin is disappointed when he can still see the claws of a cat after testing a serum on it. In another novel by this author, England is invaded by (*) Martians in tripods with terrifying heat ray weapons. For ten points, name this English author of early science fiction novels like The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Invisible Man, and The War of the Worlds.
A test named for these objects will tell whether a relation is a function by checking if one of these objects intersects the graph more than once. These lines do not have (*) slope and are parallel to the y-axis, which is itself one of these lines. For ten points, name this type of line that creates a right angle when it meets a horizontal line.
One of these objects in Norse myth is the home of Nidhogg, a dragon who gnaws on its base and exchanges insults with an eagle with the help of Ratatoskr, a (*) squirrel. One of these objects connects the Nine Worlds in Norse myth. Odin learned knowledge of the runes by tying himself to Yggdrasil, one of, for ten points, what kind of large, branching plant?
Two stories in this collection tell of a knight who learns what women want by marrying an old witch, and of three young men who try to kill death. In this work’s frame story, pilgrims stop at the (*) Tabard Inn on the way to the shrine of Archbishop Thomas Becket in the south of England. The Miller, the Pardoner, and the Wife of Bath tell stories in, for ten points, what collection by Geoffrey Chaucer?
Fluids for which this property remains constant are called incompressible. The specific gravity is the ratio of this property for a substance and for water. Water has a value of roughly one (*) gram per cubic centimeter for this quantity. For ten points, name this physical property, calculated by dividing an object’s mass by its volume.
This number is the scale degree of the subdominant, and is the number of flats in the key of A flat major. There are this many beats in a measure of common time. The orchestra is traditionally divided into this many families of (*) instruments, including percussion and strings. For ten points, give the number of strings on a violin and performers in a string quartet.
Despite the fact that this good is not edible, the British lamented a “famine” of it caused by a Union Navy blockade. Boll (*) weevils ruin harvests of this good. Eli Whitney designed a “gin” to separate the seeds and fibers of, for ten points, what textile cash crop that was overwhelmingly grown by slaves in the American South?
Edwin Hubble charted these objects according to their shape on a diagram that resembles a tuning fork. Supermassive (*) black holes are thought to exist at the center of some of these objects, which come in lenticular, irregular, elliptical, and spiral shapes. Andromeda and the Milky Way are, for ten points, what large systems of millions of stars?
One of these systems runs eight hundred miles from Prudhoe Bay to the port town of Valdez, and its revenue is used in a Permanent Fund that pays the residents of Alaska. President Trump put down the (*) Standing Rock protest of one of these systems, Dakota Access, that threatened sacred land and drinking water. Keystone XL is, for ten points, what type of construction that transports crude oil over land?
This author wrote a novel in which Stiva [STEE-vah] witnesses the death of a railway worker and Kitty becomes ill after the protagonist begins an affair. Another novel by this author follows several families during (*) Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Count Vronsky falls from a horse during a race in a novel by this man in which the title noblewoman throws herself under a train. For ten points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.
A group of these people defeated Gaius Claudius Glaber after rappelling down Mount Vesuvius on vines. The annual declaration of war on a group of these people allowed kryptes [crip-tees] to freely kill them in order to complete the agoge [ah-goh-gay]. (*) Helots were classified as these people in Sparta, and thousands of these people were crucified along the Appian Way after Spartacus’s revolt failed. The Roman libertini were formerly, for ten points, what class of un-free people?
On the right side of this painting, a woman holds out a pink cloak to cover this painting’s title figure. On the left side of this painting, Zephyrus, the god of wind, (*) blows the title figure of this painting to shore. This painting’s central figure stands on a floating seashell after rising from the sea. For ten points, name this painting depicting the origin of the Roman goddess of beauty, painted by Sandro Botticelli.
On a collaboration with Khalid, this artist sings “Oh, I hope some day I’ll make it out of here.” This artist uses a soundbite from The Office in a song on her 2019 album When We (*) All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? This artist frequently wears baggy clothes to avoid criticism about her body. For ten points, name this teenage singer of “Bury a Friend” and “Bad Guy.”
A resident of this literary town vanishes after stopping near Wiley’s Swamp on his way home from a nearby farm. A man from this town claims he was chased by the Galloping Hessian. (*) Brom Bones marries Katrina in this town shortly after the disappearance of the schoolteacher, Ichabod Crane. For ten points, name this New England town that, in a short story by Washington Irving, is haunted by the Headless Horseman.
In the fifth century, the Forty Days’ Fast of Saint Martin was established as the lead-up to this holiday. The Sun of Righteousness in Malachi helped establish this holiday on a Roman (*) solstice day in Catholicism. This modern holiday often includes representations of shepherds and Magi visiting a stable in Bethlehem. For ten points, name this Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus.
Small artifacts from this event were carried aboard the Apollo 11 lunar module, and the Smithsonian maintains the restored machine that accomplished this event. This event, which took place near (*) Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, lasted only twelve seconds and covered one hundred twenty feet of ground. For ten points, name this 1903 accomplishment by Orville and Wilbur, the Wright brothers.
These plants are the habitat for cochineals [kah-chih-neels], insects that are harvested to produce a deep red dye. These succulent plants have areoles, small, (*) spiny bumps that defend the plant’s stem. The saguaro [sah-WAH-roh] is a giant example of this plant found in Sonora and Arizona. For ten points, name this plant that typically has excellent water storage abilities to survive in the desert.
This poet wrote about a man who insists that “good fences make good neighbors.” This man ended a poem in which “two roads diverged in a (*) yellow wood” by saying he would pretend that it has “made all the difference” that he “took the one less traveled by.” For ten points, name this American poet of “Mending Wall” and “The Road Not Taken.”
This organ secretes vasopressin and renin, and it includes capillary networks surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule in its (*) nephrons. Ureters bring urine from this organ to the bladder. Renal replacement therapies like dialysis are used when this organ fails. Blood is filtered by, for ten points, what pair of bean-shaped organs?
This modern organization was preceded by a Coal and Steel Community. This organization’s Single Market allows the free movement of capital and persons, allowing citizens to work and live in any (*) member country. The United Kingdom voted to leave this organization in 2016, a decision known as Brexit. For ten points, name this organization of countries whose primary currency is the Euro.
This poet of “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain” wrote that “’Hope’ is a thing with feathers” in another poem. This poet wrote “I heard a Fly buzz - when I died” and a poem in which the speaker rides in a carriage with (*) “Immortality” and a being who “kindly stopped for me.” For ten points, name this Belle of Amherst, a reclusive poet who wrote “Because I could not stop for Death.”
This city’s Aeolian Hall was the site of Rhapsody in Blue’s 1924 premiere. Leonard Bernstein conducted this city’s Philharmonic at the Lincoln Center, a venue that includes the Metropolitan Opera House. Ella Fitzgerald built her career at the Apollo Theater in this city’s (*) Harlem neighborhood. For ten points, name this city where Radio City Music Hall and Carnegie Hall are concert venues on Manhattan Island.
This state’s namesake university was founded as a secular school in response to weak leadership at the College of William and Mary. The estate of (*) Monticello was built in this state by one of the eight US presidents to have been born in it. For ten points, name this largest of the thirteen original colonies, where Thomas Jefferson was once governor in Richmond.
Dorothy Hodgkin used this type of radiation, as diffracted by crystal lattices, to determine the structure of insulin. Wilhelm Rontgen discovered this radiation, whose energy is between that of (*) ultraviolet and gamma rays. For ten points, name this type of radiation, named for its originally “unknown” nature, that is used in imaging of teeth and bones.
This character took the name Vers [VEERS] after having her memories hidden by Yon-Rogg. This character and her best friend, Maria Rambeau, worked with Dr Wendy Lawson on an experimental light-speed engine. This character was teased at the end of (*) Avengers: Infinity War when Nick Fury pulled out a pager to contact her. Carol Danvers is the real name of, for ten points, what heroine who was portrayed by Brie Larson in a 2018 film?
The attempted sale of this man’s vacated Senate seat led to the resignation of governor Rod Blagojevich [blah-GOY-ah-vich]. This president, who nominated Merrick Garland, Elena (*) Kagan, and Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court, ended Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan in 2014. For ten points, name this U.S. President, the namesake of the Affordable Care Act.
The first of this set of principles requires two witnesses and a sincere confession, and is called shahada, the profession of faith. Adherents wear ihram and walk around the (*) Kaaba during a holy trip that these principles require all Muslims make. Sawm and salat are two of, for ten points, what fundamental principles of Islam that require Muslims to make a pilgrimage to Mecca and fast during Ramadan?
Satellites in geostationary orbit are placed directly above this feature and, as a result, don’t appear to move in the sky when viewed from the ground. An African country with capital Malabo and a South American country with capital (*) Quito are named for their location on or near this geographical feature. Zero degrees latitude is defined at, for ten points, what imaginary line that separates the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres?
This author uses celestial bodies to represent different types of virtue in heaven in another work that features his lost love, Beatrice. In a poem by this man, he encounters Brutus, Cassius, and (*) Judas writhing in the three mouths of Lucifer while being guided through the circles of hell by Virgil. For ten points, name this Italian poet who included Inferno in his Divine Comedy.
Tunnels under Yucca Mountain were to be built to store waste products from these facilities, which usually include concrete casks and large (*) pools to store their spent fuel rods. Large cooling towers are a common feature of, for ten points, what type of power plant, such as one at Three Mile Island that suffered a 1979 meltdown?
King Laomedon [lah-oh-may-don] tricked Apollo and this god into building the walls of Troy. This god cursed Pasiphae [pah-sih-fah-ay] after her husband, Minos, failed to sacrifice the Cretan Bull to this god. (*) Horses were sacred to this god, who lost a competition to Athena’s olive tree when he gave a salt spring to Athens. For ten points, name this brother of Zeus and Hades, the Greek god of the sea.
This is the largest of the countries that won the War of the Triple Alliance. This country was led by two emperors named Pedro, the second of whom abolished slavery with the (*) Golden Law. The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country’s independence from Portugal, and in 1960 it moved its capital from Rio de Janeiro. For ten points, name this country whose modern capital is Brasilia.
When preceded by the German root “zwitter” [z’vitter], this term describes a molecule that is simultaneously dipolar. Bases are classified as strong or weak by their ability to completely dissociate into these things; for example, lye breaks apart into hydroxide (*) molecules and sodium atoms. For ten points, give this term for chemicals that have lost or gained electrons and thus have a positive or negative electric charge.
Elementary operations can be used to convert these mathematical objects into reduced row echelon form, helpful in solving systems of equations. The commutative property does not necessarily apply to multiplication of these objects. The (*) determinant can be found by calculations on the entries in, for ten points, what mathematical objects that are arrays of numbers organized into rows and columns?
A figure on the left of this painting wears a cameo brooch that may depict Persephone over a polka- dotted brown apron, and looks uneasily toward another figure. A strangely ornate window in the Dibble House in (*) Iowa inspired the background of this painting, for which the artist’s dentist modeled as a man wearing denim overalls and holding a pitchfork. For ten points, name this painting of a stern-looking couple, created by Grant Wood.
Tennessee politician Harry Burn cast the deciding vote for this amendment. The Silent Sentinels, including Lucy Burns and Alice Paul, protested in favor of this amendment in front of the White House and were tortured by police in (*) 1917. Carrie Chapman Catt led the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which advocated for, for ten points, what Constitutional amendment that guaranteed women the right to vote?
This character is told the story of “The Walrus and the Carpenter” and is asked “Why is a raven like a writing desk?” at a “mad” tea party she is sent to by a grinning (*) cat that vanishes from her sight. Tweedle-Dee, Tweedle-Dum, and the Cheshire Cat are encountered by for ten points, what Lewis Carroll character who travels through a looking glass to have adventures in Wonderland?
Joseph Priestly liberated this element by heating the compound red mercury. This element’s namesake reaction involves loss of electrons. The triatomic form of this element is called (*) ozone, and its more common diatomic gas is needed to generate a candle flame. For ten points, name this element, a vital gas that is inhaled during respiration.
After this disaster, Louis Sullivan designed the Auditorium Building in the affected city. The Palmer House was destroyed in this event, but the Water Tower was spared. This disaster, which was less deadly than a simultaneous event in Peshtigo, (*) Wisconsin, began on De Koven Street after Catherine O’Leary’s cow supposedly kicked over a lantern. For ten points, name this 1871 disaster that devastated a mostly-wooden Illinois city.
In a novel by this author, Arronax, Conseil, and Ned Land flee the Maelstrom, which threatens to sink a strange vessel. In another of this man’s novels, Passepartout and his employer use the international (*) dateline to win a bet. Phileas Fogg and Captain Nemo’s submarine, the Nautilus, appear in, for ten points, what French author’s novels Around the World in Eighty Days and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea?
Only this type of number is allowed as the solution to a Diophantine [dye-oh-FAN-teen] equation. A boldface letter Z stands for the set of these numbers, which includes the (*) natural numbers and zero. For ten points, negative two is, but three-fourths is not, what type of number that has no fractional part?
Like Anubis, this god was syncretized with the Foremost of the Westerners and the Opener of the Ways, who was usually described as the son of this god’s sister Nephthys. The djed column was the symbolic backbone of this god, who was (*) cut into fourteen pieces by Set, this god’s brother. This god appears with green skin as a result of his death and resurrection. For ten points, name this Egyptian god of the dead, the father of Horus and husband of Isis.
The United Kingdom uses the TORRO scale to measure the intensity of these events. In the US, the damage caused by these events is used to rank them on an “Enhanced” scale, named for Ted Fujita, that tops out at (*) F5. A “freight train” noise commonly accompanies, for ten points, what natural disasters that can include three hundred mile-per-hour winds and a rotating funnel cloud of debris?
This composer transcribed Allegri’s Miserere [miz-uh-RAIR-ee] after listening to it just twice, thus ending a ban on that piece’s copying, during his tour of Europe as a teenager. This composer, who left his Requiem (*) unfinished at his death, composed forty-one symphonies, ending with one named Jupiter. For ten points, name this Austrian composer of operas like The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro.
This country’s seventeenth century pirate colony of Libertatia used a language derived from Malagasy, a native language of this country. The French overseas region of Mayotte and the island country of Comoros are found in the (*) Mozambique Channel, which separates this country from the mainland. Antananarivo is the capital of, for ten points, what large island country off the southeast coast of Africa?
A character with this first name gets engaged to Frank Churchill despite the worries of the meddling Miss Woodhouse. Another woman with this first name gets engaged to Mr Bingley while her younger sister (*) Elizabeth marries Mr Darcy. For ten points, what first name is shared by these characters and the woman who created them, the author of Emma, Sense and Sensibility, and Pride and Prejudice?
This country’s 2004 Orange Revolution occurred after Viktor Yanukovych was accused of voter fraud. Most countries do not recognize the controversial annexation of this country’s (*) Crimean Peninsula. The Chernobyl disaster took place in, for ten points, what Eastern European country where the Euromaidan protests against Russia took place in the capital, Kiev?
During this war, opposing generals James Wolfe and Louis-Joseph de Montcalm were each killed at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec. Fort Necessity was led, and lost, by George Washington at the outset of this war. The (*) 1763 Treaty of Paris gave Canada to the British and ended, for ten points, what war that pitted the British and their American colonies against two namesake allies?
Richie Havens gave several encores at this event as a stalling tactic while waiting for other performers to arrive. Max Yasgur’s dairy farm near White Lake was the site of this event, whose performers included Jefferson Airplane and (*) Jimi Hendrix. Over four hundred thousand people attended, for ten points, what 1969 music festival in upstate New York, often hailed as the high point of the hippie movement?
The central figure of one of these paintings is nude, with nails piercing her skin and a metal beam replacing her spine. The Broken Column and a work that shows a woman standing with (*) Diego Rivera are among these paintings, which frequently depict a particular woman with monkeys and a strong unibrow. Mexican artist Frida Kahlo created many of, for ten points, what type of painting that show her own face?
This fictional book says “you may think it’s a long walk [...] to the chemist, but that’s just peanuts to space.” An entry in this book lists Earth as “mostly harmless” despite the objections of field researcher (*) Ford Prefect, who uses this book to advise Arthur Dent that he should always carry a towel when traveling. For ten points, name this fictional book that provides information about the known galaxy in a namesake series of novels by Douglas Adams.
In uniform circular motion, a centripetal force creates this quantity, which points radially inward and is equal to velocity squared divided by radius. This quantity, the derivative of velocity, is multiplied by (*) mass to give force in Newton’s Second Law. For ten points, name this quantity that is non-zero if an object is changing direction, slowing down, or speeding up.
After Brazilian President Jair Bolsanaro called this woman a brat, she changed her Twitter biography accordingly. In August 2019, a solar-powered yacht brought this woman to New York City for a UN summit. “Unite behind the (*) science” is part of the message delivered to politicians during this woman’s strike from school. The 2019 TIME Person of the Year is, for ten points, what teenaged Swedish climate change activist?
In early Christian teachings, this man was the first to plant a vineyard. This son of Lamech cursed his grandson Canaan for the sins of Ham, and repeatedly released a (*) dove to determine whether there was dry land nearby. A covenant from God in the form of a rainbow was received by, for ten points, what prophet who built an ark to save his family from a great flood?
This man agreed to a 1931 pact with Lord Irwin in advance of the Second Round Table Conference. This political figure was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, who believed this man had given too much power to Muslims during the (*) partition of the British Raj. A nonviolent 1930 salt march was led by, for ten points, what independence leader who advocated for civil disobedience in India?
A boy in this novel shrieks about an “old hell-devil” after receiving a camellia flower, and is defended by Heck Tate, who insists that Bob Ewell killed himself. In this novel, (*) Dill Harris visits a pair of children in Maycomb, Alabama, and Tom Robinson is defended at a racist rape trial by Atticus Finch. For ten points, name this novel about Jem and Scout, written by Harper Lee.
A portion of this process is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCo [roo-biss-koh]. During this process, ATP and NADPH convert carbon dioxide into glucose as part of the (*) Calvin cycle. This process takes place inside thylakoids, a membrane-bound component of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is vital to, for ten points, what process in which plants transform light into energy?
Sky-clad Jain monks are required to remove this physical feature by hand. Two of the FIve Ks of SIkhism are kanga, an object used to clean this body part, and kesh, which indicates that this body part should remain (*) uncut; as a result, Sikhs often wear this body part coiled under a dastar turban. For ten points, name this human body part that may be worn in dreadlocks by Rastas.
Using these numbers as the side lengths of squares can produce an approximation of the golden spiral. The ratio between one of these numbers and the next one approaches the golden ratio. Pine cone scales and flower petals often appear in patterns of these numbers. An (*) Italian mathematician names, for ten points, what sequence of numbers that starts one, one, two, three, five, and is built by adding the two previous terms?
A Tatar assassin tried to kill this leader’s youngest son, but was stopped by Altani, a woman whom this man honored as a bataar. This man’s original successor, Jochi, led the Golden Horde before he was possibly poisoned, and his son (*) Ogedei defeated the Jin Dynasty. This man’s grandson founded the Yuan Dynasty, which expanded his empire south into China. For ten points, name this founder of the Mongol Empire and ancestor of Kublai Khan.
The ancient Dionysia festival included a competition at which playwrights would submit three plays in this genre and one satyr play. A play in this genre was set near Colonus by Sophocles, who also wrote the plays (*) Antigone and Oedipus, whose title characters’ stubbornness and hubris are the fatal flaws that lead to their downfalls. For ten points, name this genre of ancient drama, contrasted with comedy.
This phenomenon obeys Amontons’ laws, which include the rule that it is independent of the contact area. This phenomenon, which comes in static and kinetic types, has a force equal to mu [mew], its namesake coefficient, times the normal force. (*) Oil and other lubricants can reduce, for ten points, what force that opposes motion between two solids moving against each other?
A virtuoso player of this instrument, Art Tatum, was a master of its stride style. A quartet led by a musician who played this instrument used unorthodox time signatures in songs like “Take Five” on the album Time Out. Jazz musicians like (*) Thelonious Monk and Dave Brubeck played, for ten points, what musical instrument whose standard form has eighty-eight black and white keys?
Beverly Oliver claimed to be the “Babushka Lady” seen in a video of this event taken by Abraham Zapruder, the only person filming as an open (*) motorcade drove through Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963. John Connolly was injured in, for ten points, what crime committed by Lee Harvey Oswald against the thirty-fifth President of the United States?
The Rothschild subspecies of these animals have five ossicones, although most of these animals only have two, as do these animals’ relatives, (*) okapis. Darwin described these animals as “beautifully adapted for browsing on the higher branches of trees.” For ten points, name these mammals whose long necks make them the tallest land animals in the world.
This poem’s speaker asks if in “the distant Aidenn” he could “clasp a sainted maiden” after he responds to a strange tapping at his window. An animal in this poem perches on a (*) “pallid bust of Pallas” and seems to taunt the speaker over the death of Lenore by repeating the word “nevermore.” For ten points, name this poem about a man driven to despair by a black bird, written by Edgar Allan Poe.
Decreases in this phenomenon and the LFPR indicates a rise in discouragement. This economic phenomenon can be structural, when it is caused by technological changes, or frictional, which reflects the time spent trying to (*) end this phenomenon. Retired people are not counted by, for ten points, what negative economic rate that describes the number of people who aren’t working?
This literary character is found dead in his laboratory by his servant, Poole, and his friend, J.G. Utterson, to whom this man shows a letter of apology supposedly written by the murderer of Sir (*) Danvers Carrew. Another of this man’s friends, Dr Lanyon, dies of shock after seeing this man reveal the “evil side” of his nature by consuming a potion. For ten points, name this fictional doctor who transforms himself into Edward Hyde.
This figure was given a crown and necklaces by the Horae and the Graces for her wedding. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to make this woman as a gift for Epimetheus to punish mankind for accepting the gift of (*) fire from this woman’s brother-in-law, Prometheus. For ten points, all of the evils in the world were released when what mythological woman opened her namesake “box?”
This city hosted a 1409 Catholic council that elected Alexander V as a third Pope in a failed attempt to end the Western Schism. This city near the mouth of the Arno River was briefly the home of Galileo, who performed a (*) cannonball drop experiment from a structure that was stabilized with lead counterweights in 2008. For ten points, name this Italian city whose cathedral’s bell tower has a world-famous four degree lean.
The family of Dick Grayson, the original Robin, worked in this type of place. The song “Entry of the Gladiators” is commonly played at these places, one of which was operated until 2017 by (*) Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey. For ten points, name this type of traveling performance that commonly involves lion tamers, ring masters, and clowns.
The man who discovered this object’s orbit died in 1742, sixteen years before he could prove that it is periodic. The European Space Agency’s Giotto was one of five spacecraft that studied this object in (*) 1986, the last time it was visible to the naked eye. For ten points, name this object that approaches Earth every seventy-six years and is probably the most famous comet.
This state’s city of Beaumont near Port Arthur is home to Spindletop, the site of a 1901 discovery that triggered an economic boom. Geologists in this state have a hard time studying its Barnett Shale, a formation with massive (*) natural gas reserves, because it lies underneath a sprawling metroplex that includes Plano and Fort Worth. For ten points, name this southern US state where the oil industry grew the cities of Dallas and Houston.
A fifteenth-century statue of this religious figure wears sandals with ornate, knee-length leg guards, and twines his left toes into the beard of a defeated enemy. A (*) bronze sculpture of this young man wears a wide-brimmed hat topped with laurels to represent his victory over a giant from Gath. For ten points, name this biblical king who, in a sculpture by Donatello, stands over the disembodied head of Goliath.
In this story, a princess complains when her grandmother decorates her with eight oysters. This story’s protagonist transforms into sea foam because she is unable to gain a (*) human soul. After rescuing a handsome prince, this story’s title character sells her voice to a sea-witch for a pair of legs, but fails to get a prince to fall in love with her. For ten points, name this classic Hans Christian Anderson fable about a title ocean-dwelling girl.
Gallium’s sudden tendency to perform this action inspired the title of Sam Kean’s book The Disappearing Spoon. Heat of fusion refers to the energy needed to achieve this process. Spreading rock salt on ice (*) lowers the point at which this process takes place. For ten points, name this phase change, the opposite of freezing, in which a solid becomes a liquid.
While helping lead this event, Cotton Mather defended the use of “spectral evidence” based on visions. Giles Corey was killed in this event by having heavy stones piled on him because he refused to (*) plead either guilty or innocent. Nineteen people were hanged during, for ten points, what 1690s hysteria in Massachusetts in which people were accused of sorcery?
Settlers in this state were led by William B. Ide during a revolt commemorated by its state flag, which features a grizzly bear. In the 1840s, John (*) Fremont explored much of this state, including the San Joaquin [wah-keen] Valley. For ten points, name this western US state whose population boomed from “Forty-Niners” seeking gold near Sacramento.
In 1846, this country’s city of Angostura changed its name to Ciudad Bolivar. The ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curac ¸ao [koo-rah-sah-oh] are just north of this mainland country, a little east of the opening to Lake Maracaibo. The (*) Orinoco River flows through this country into the Atlantic Ocean just northwest of Guyana. For ten points, name this South American country, found east of Colombia, whose capital city is Caracas.
In a novel titled for this medical condition, the doctor’s wife is the only character not affected by this condition, which is compared to “falling into a milky sea.” The sonnet “When I Consider How My (*) Light is Spent” describes a poet with this medical condition, which may have been caused by a detached retina. For ten points, John Milton was affected by what condition that titles a Jose Saramago novel about people losing their eyesight?
Litharge, an oxide of this element, is a component of fine crystal. This final element in the uranium decay chain was once used as an antiknock agent added to (*) gasoline. Patients undergoing an x-ray wear an apron with this element as shielding. This element’s high toxicity prevents its modern use in paint and water pipes. For ten points, name this metallic element used in bullets, but not pencils, whose symbol is Pb [spell it].
This artist created a Lobster Telephone and painted a Disintegration of one of his paintings, in which a bare tree trunk separates into segments. (*) Ants crawl on the surface of a red object in a painting by this artist set on a Catalonian beach, in which a distorted face with long eyelashes is draped with a soft-textured clock. For ten points, name this Spanish Surrealist artist of The Persistence of Memory.
This ruler legendarily dissolved the world’s largest pearl in vinegar, then drank it to win a bet. A carpet was used to sneak this ruler into the headquarters of Julius Caesar. After losing the Battle of Actium, this ruler supposedly asked for and received a (*) basket of figs, which hid an asp that she then used to commit suicide. For ten points, name this Egyptian pharaoh, the lover of Julius Caesar and Marc Antony.
In a song by this band, Halsey sings “I want something stronger / Than a moment, than a moment, luv” and repeats the phrase “oh, my, my, my.” The albums Wings and 2 Cool 4 Skool are by this group, which became the first (*) K-Pop group to win a Billboard Music Award. “Blood, Sweat, and Tears” and “Boy With Luv” are by, for ten points, what seven-member Korean boy band?
The protagonist of this novel follows a “tattered man” and a “tall soldier” away from a column of wounded men. After (*) Jim Conklin’s death in this novel, the protagonist is hit in the head with a rifle butt and becomes a flag-bearer in the Union army. For ten points, name this novel by Stephen Crane about Civil War soldier Henry Fleming.
This quantity can be defined as momentum squared divided by two times the mass. This quantity is conserved during elastic collisions but not inelastic collisions, and it is calculated by the formula one-half times mass times velocity squared. A roller coaster maximizes this (*) energy at the bottom of a hill. For ten points, name this type of energy that is possessed by all moving objects, often contrasted with potential energy.
This goddess’s tears turn into red gold when she misses her husband Odr. Half of those killed in battle go to this goddess’s hall, Folkvangr. Loki turned into a fly in an attempt to steal (*) Brisingamen, this goddess’s necklace, and she rides a chariot pulled by cats. Thor dressed like this goddess in order to retrieve his stolen hammer. For ten points, name this Norse goddess of love and beauty.
A poem by this writer promises “I will come again, my love / though ‘twere ten thousand mile” and compares love to a “red, red rose.” This poet says “we’ll tak’ a cup o’ kindness yet” and asks “should (*) auld acquaintance be forgot” in his local dialect, which he also used for a poem in which “the best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men / gang aft agley.” For ten points, name this Scottish poet of “Auld Lang Syne” and “To a Mouse.”
In exponential growth, the time it takes to accomplish this process is found by dividing the natural log of two by the growth rate. Doing this to the side lengths of a square will cause the area to (*) quadruple. For ten points, name this process which is done to find new terms in the sequence one, two, four, eight, sixteen, and so on.
A commercial for a documentary about this politician was the subject of the 2010 Citizens United case, which reformed campaign finance law. John Podesta chaired this politician’s most recent campaign, which included Tim (*) Kaine as running mate. This politician wrote the book What Happened about her campaign for President in 2016. For ten points, name this former First Lady who ran for President against Donald Trump.
This man wrote the hymn “A Mighty Fortress is Our God.” This man was the subject of the Exsurge Domine bull when his refusal to recant at the Diet of (*) Worms led to his excommunication from the Catholic church. Criticisms of the sale of indulgences in the Ninety-Five Theses were written by, for ten points, what German monk-turned-reformer who started the Protestant Reformation?
One of these events, KSN 2011b, was observed giving off a flash of ultraviolet radiation in what is believed to have been caused by the collision of two (*) white dwarves. These events may leave behind a neutron star and create a massive shockwave. Our sun is not large enough to undergo, for ten points, what type of incredibly bright and powerful stellar explosion?
In 1968, this country seized the American research ship Pueblo. This country advocates a state policy of self-reliance called Juche and has clashed with its neighbor in a (*) buffer zone running along the thirty-eighth parallel called the DMZ. For ten points, name this Asian country that has been ruled under dictators from the Kim family from its capital of Pyongyang.
Nearly sixty people were killed in this country’s city of Kerman in a stampede during a January 2020 funeral procession. Canada claimed that this country’s military shot down Ukraine International Flight 752. This country’s Quds Force was led by (*) Qasem Soleimani until he was killed in a drone strike in January 2020. President Trump has threatened war with, For ten points, what country whose capital is Tehran?
In a tone poem by Modest Mussorgsky, evil spirits celebrate during one of these periods of time on Bald Mountain. This time period appears in the English title of Mozart’s Serenade Number Thirteen that is called a (*) “little” piece of music for this time period. In Saint-Saens’ Danse macabre, a rooster crow representing sunrise ends, for ten points, what time period that is depicted in a nocturne?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ions of this mineral, which is needed for muscle contraction. Vitamin D assists the absorption of both phosphate and this element in the gut. (*) Seniors may take a supplement of this element to prevent osteoporosis, and children often get their intake by drinking milk. For ten points, name this element needed to build strong bones and teeth.
This novel satirizes minor religious arguments with Big- and Little-Endians, who disagree over how to break a boiled egg. This novel’s protagonist visits Laputa, Luggnag, and Japan, and meets (*) six-inch-tall humans who inhabit Liliput. The title doctor is sold to the giant queen of Brobdingnag [BROB-ding-nag] in, for ten points, what satirical novel by Jonathan Swift?
These objects collect and deposit debris in masses called moraines. These objects can move via basal sliding, which occurs when (*) meltwater reduces ground friction. The Great Lakes were formed from the retreat of these objects. About seventy percent of Earth’s freshwater is stored in, for ten points, what large sheets of land-based ice?
Congressman Charles Wilson pushed to covertly supply this country with Stinger missiles in Operation Cyclone. An ill-fated 1979 Soviet invasion of this country was countered by its mujahideen [moo-jah-hih- deen]. In the wake of the (*) September 11th attacks, a US-led NATO coalition invaded, for ten points, what country that was liberated by the 2001 ousting of the Taliban from its capital, Kabul?
One of these mythical figures was rescued from a ring of fire by Siegfried, who cut off her armor. (*) Brunhilde was one of these daughters of Odin, who were often described as “shield-maidens.” For ten points, name these divine women who, in Germanic mythology, carried the souls of dead warriors to the afterlife.
The first of these materials used by humans was meteoric iron, predating the invention of smelting. These materials commonly exhibit better strength than their (*) components. Adding chromium to iron makes one of these materials called stainless steel, and examples of these made with copper include bronze and brass. For ten points, give this term for a mixture of two or more metals.
This novel’s epilogue speculates that this book’s narrator may have made use of Mayday’s Underground Femaleroad. This novel’s protagonist butts heads with Serena Joy, the wife of a (*) Commander who plays Scrabble with a woman despite the laws of the Republic of Gilead. For ten points, name this novel by Margaret Atwood about Offred, a woman who has been forced to be the title child-bearing slave.
Edward Elgar’s last notable work is a concerto for this instrument, which was played by Jacqueline du Pre [pray] and Mstislav Rostropovich [MISS-ti-slav ross-troh-poh-vich]. Bach composed six solo suites for this instrument, the first of which is a signature piece for (*) Yo-Yo Ma. For ten points, name this large string instrument that is smaller than a bass and much larger than a viola.
Thinkers in this field of study were discouraged from using “infinitesimals,” quantities too small to be measured, until Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton independently developed it in the 17th century. (*) Integrals and derivatives are taught in, for ten points, what branch of math that is often taught as an advanced class in high schools?
This philosophy, which teaches that true happiness comes from virtue, was promoted in the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Zeno of Citium founded this school of philosophy, whose core idea is that people should not be (*) swayed by desire or fear. For ten points, name this ancient philosophy whose name is, today, associated with being calm and unemotional.
One of these literary works describes the publication of the author’s novel The Tale of Genji and criticizes a court rival for her ineffective poetry. Lists of “depressing” and “hateful” things fill out one of these books, and another contains (*) first-hand accounts of historical events like the birth of emperor Go-Ichijo. Lady Murasaki and Sei Shonagon wrote, for ten points, what kind of books that keep a record of daily life?
This man lamented “It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it” during his victory over Ambrose Burnside at the Battle of Fredericksburg. This man, who led the militia that ended John (*) Brown’s raid, was victorious at the Second Battle of Bull Run. For ten points, name this general who, on April 9th, 1865, surrendered his Confederate army at Appomattox to Ulysses S. Grant.
This architect created two studios named Taliesin, and his Robie House exemplifies the Prairie School of architecture founded by this man. This architect created the New York (*) Guggenheim Museum, and used cantilevers to support the concrete terraces of a house in Pennsylvania over a waterfall. For ten points, name this American architect of Fallingwater.
This organ contains masses of lymphatic tissue known as Peyer’s patches. This organ’s surface area is increased by fingerlike villi that can be blunted by celiac disease. This organ, which receives chyme through the pyloric (*) sphincter, consists of the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum. For ten points, name this digestive organ that is found between the stomach and a related, larger organ.
In a story by this author, Johnny Dorset terrorizes Bill and Sam until they pay his father to take him back. This author of “The Ransom of Red Chief” wrote a short story in which (*) Jim buys his wife combs and Della buys Jim a watch-chain, only to discover that they have sold their watch and hair. For ten points, name this American writer of short stories with twist endings, like “The Gift of the Magi.”
In 2018, this state’s Democratic candidate for governor, Andrew Gillum, lost by fewer than thirty-five thousand votes after a machine recount. The Supreme Court awarded this state’s twenty-five electoral votes to George W. Bush in 2000 after stopping a (*) recount in counties like Broward and Palm Beach. For ten points, name this southern US state where governor Ron DeSantis leads from Tallahassee.
This game’s 1972 World Championship was lost by Boris Spassky. In 1999, a team of fifty thousand people voted to use the Sicilian Defense in this game’s “Kasparov versus the World” match. (*) Bobby Fischer was a Grandmaster in this game, whose current world champion is Magnus Carlsen. For ten points, name this board game in which players must protect their king from pieces like knights, rooks, and pawns.
According to legend, this man filled a room with fake flowers in order to confuse the Queen of Sheba. In another story, this son of (*) Bathsheba threatened to cut a baby in half to determine which of two women was the child’s mother. Because this man’s father had “shed blood,” this king built the first Temple in Jerusalem. For ten points, name this wise biblical king, the son of David.
This force’s namesake constant is approximately 6.67 times ten to the negative eleventh meters cubed over kilograms times seconds squared. During (*) free-fall, this is the only force acting on an object, causing it to accelerate at 9.8 meters per second squared. For ten points, name this force of attraction between any two masses, commonly seen pulling objects to Earth’s surface.
This city is home to a massive collection of Auguste Rodin’s works and Robert Indiana’s LOVE sculpture on Benjamin Franklin Parkway. This is the largest city downriver from Trenton on the Delaware River, which separates this city from (*) Camden, New Jersey. This city’s Rittenhouse Square was designed by William Penn. The Liberty Bell is displayed in, for ten points, what largest city in Pennsylvania?
A character in this novel uses the pseudonyms “Provis” and “Mr Campbell” upon returning to England from Australia. Anger over being jilted drives Miss (*) Havisham to stop the clocks in Satis House and raise Estella to be a heartbreaker in this novel. Estella’s criminal father, Abel Magwitch, becomes the benefactor of Pip in, for ten points, what novel by Charles Dickens?
After this man made his brother Joseph an unpopular King of Spain, he had to fight the Peninsular War. This man forced the Treaty of Pressburg, which gave this man large amounts of land from the Austrian Empire. This man beat the Third (*) Coalition at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, two months after his navy lost at Trafalgar. For ten points, name this emperor whose French army was defeated at Waterloo.
This queen’s marriage was confirmed with the equality motto “Tanto monta, monta tanto.” This ruler of Castile persecuted Jews with the Alhambra decree and defeated the Muslim kingdom of Granada to end the (*) Reconquista; those actions earned this queen and her husband the titles of Catholic Monarchs. For ten points, name this Spanish queen who jointly ruled with Ferdinand of Aragon and sponsored Columbus’ first voyage.
This author created One Eye, who dies defending his family from a lynx, leaving Kiche alone with her last living child in wild (*) Yukon Territory. In another novel by this author, Buck is kidnapped and sent to Alaska, where he becomes known as a “Ghost Dog” after joining a wolf pack. For ten points, name this author of White Fang and The Call of the Wild.
In 1942, this country raised war funds by carrying out “If Day,” a simulated Nazi occupation. This country’s four divisions of troops were supported by the British at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in World War I. An eastern city in this country was obliterated by the 1917 (*) explosion of the SS Mont Blanc. The Halifax explosion killed roughly two thousand people in, for ten points, what country’s province of Nova Scotia?
Several diseases of this organelle present with “ragged red” fibers in muscle tissue. This organelle’s inner membrane increases the surface area available for chemical reactions to occur by (*) folding over itself. The electron transport chain synthesizes ATP in, for ten points, what cell organelle that is commonly referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?
In 2014, the NBA forced the sale of a team in this city when owner Donald Sterling was recorded making racist remarks. Prior to playing in Houston and Oklahoma City, Chris Paul played in this city. Players who have recently moved to this city include (*) Paul George, Kawhi Leonard [kah-wye Leonard], Anthony Davis, and LeBron James. For ten points, name this city where the Staples Center is shared by the Clippers and Lakers.
Lai Zhide simplified this symbol from the taijitu. The elements of this symbol appear in ba gua trigrams in Taoism, and represent opposing forces like (*) fire and water or masculinity and femininity, to demonstrate that they are ultimately complementary. For ten points, name this symbol in Chinese philosophy that represents the balance of light and dark with white and black teardrop shapes curled around each other..
After a 1895 Supreme Court case briefly struck down this policy, a 1913 Constitutional amendment made it legal. Florida and Nevada are two of seven states that don’t use this policy, whose introduction reduced the importance of tariffs for (*) federal government revenue. The Sixteenth Amendment authorized, for ten points, what type of tax that is reported on IRS Form 1040 [“ten forty”] and which taxes money made by the taxpayer?
In a play by this author, Miss Prism accidentally leaves a baby in a handbag at a train station, and finally reveals her mistake to Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrief. This author of Lady Windermere’s Fan wrote the poem The Ballad of (*) Reading Gaol [redding jail] after he was imprisoned for homosexuality. For ten points, name this English playwright of satirical plays like The Importance of Being Earnest.
This landmass is hypothesized to be the fourth of its kind, following Columbia, Rodinia, and Pannotia. Alfred Wegener named this landmass, which surrounded the Tethys Sea. Mesosaurus fossils on the coasts of Brazil and (*) Namibia provide evidence for this landmass, which included regions that became Laurasia and Gondwana at the end of Mesozoic Era. For ten points, name this supercontinent that broke apart tens of millions of years ago and whose name means “all Earth.”
The title phenomenon of this artwork frames a background mountain whose name titles the thirty-six- painting series this work belongs to. This work’s title phenomenon has claw-like edges that threaten three (*) boats in this example of ukiyo-e [oo-kee-yoh-ay] art. For ten points, name this Japanese woodblock print, part of a series of Views of Mount Fuji created by Hokusai [hoh-koo-sah-ee], which shows a tsunami.
The aurora borealis isin this phase, in which balanced amounts of electrons and ions create a (*) highly conductive, but electrically neutral, state. This phase of matter is believed to be the most common in the universe, since it is found in stars. For ten points, name this “fourth” phase of matter that possesses much more energy than solids, liquids, or gases.
This nation’s Booker Prize winning authors include Thomas Keneally and Peter Carey; one of Carey’s wins was for a novel about Ned Kelly, a (*) bushranger from this nation who committed a train robbery in the state of Victoria. For ten points, name this southern hemisphere nation where Oscar moves the glass church from Sydney through the outback.
This philosophical concept is defined by the stronger party, according to Thrasymachus [thra-sih-mah- kus] in Plato’s Republic. John Rawls argued that a “veil of ignorance” required to make sure that this concept is applied (*) fairly. A blindfolded woman holding balancing scales often represents, for ten points, what moral and ethical concept related to equality and the law?
A composer from this country wrote a Fantasia on a theme by a much earlier composer from this country, Thomas Tallis. This is the home country of Ralph Vaughan Williams [RAFE vawn Williams] and the composer of the Enigma Variations, who had one of his (*) Pomp and Circumstance Marches modified for a 1902 coronation. For ten points, name this home country of Sir Edward Elgar, who was knighted by King Edward VII.
In the 1830s, the US and UK fought over this state’s border in the bloodless Aroostook War. Bowdoin College was founded in this state in 1794 in Brunswick. Despite sharing no border, this state was part of (*) Massachusetts until 1820. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty decided the border between Canada’s New Brunswick and, for ten points, what northernmost state in New England whose capital is Augusta?
One example of these objects is an equilateral triangle whose center is removed to create three new equilateral triangles, each of whose centers is similarly removed, and so on. The Sierpinski triangle is one of these images, as is the (*) Mandelbrot set. For ten points, name these mathematical images that resemble themselves at intense zooming levels.
In one myth, this figure’s grandson becomes the first horse in North America. This mythic figure vows to spread mischief in the world after he helps the Earth Maker sing it into existence, likely in reference to his namesake animal’s (*) howl. Stories in the American southwest describe, for ten points, what Native American trickster god who took the shape of a common wild canine?
In this man’s highest post, he wrote a Report on Manufactures and four Reports on Public Credit. This man worked with John Jay and James Madison on the (*) Federalist Papers, and he died after an early morning incident near Weehawken, New Jersey. For ten points, name this American founding father and first Treasury Secretary who was killed in an 1804 duel with Aaron Burr.
Antoine Lavoisier [ann-twan lah-vwah-see-ay] proved that this reaction does not involve the release of phlogiston. Hydrocarbons produce water and carbon dioxide by this reaction. Hay piles can experience a (*) spontaneous type of this reaction, which requires spark plug ignition in engines. For ten points, name this process of combining with oxygen to release heat, a reaction commonly known as burning.
A character in this novel marries and abuses Isabella Linton and cheats Hareton Earnshaw out of his inheritence. While visiting this novel’s title house near (*) Thrushcross Grange, Lockwood is disturbed by the ghost of his landlord’s lost love, Catherine. For ten points, name this novel in which Heathcliff gets revenge on the inhabitants of the title house, written by Emily Bronte.
Ethyne [eth-ine] contains two hydrogen atoms and two atoms of this element. In a 2004 experiment, Scotch tape was used to create monolayers of this element. Allotropes of this element include materials like graphene and (*) diamond, and a radioactive isotope of this element with a half-life of 5,730 years is used in archaeological dating. Organic chemistry is the study of molecules with, for ten points, what element with atomic number six and chemical symbol C?
Missionaries agreed to aid children during this event if they agreed to receive Protestant teachings, an act known as “souperism.” Sir Robert Peel repealed the Corn Laws in response to this event, in which thousands died while fleeing to North America in “coffin ships.” This event was caused by a (*) strain of the water mold Phytophthora [fye-tohf-thoh-rah] infestans. For ten points, name this 1845-1849 disaster, a blight of the staple crop of Ireland.
In a book about this character, he shouts “David and Goliath!” when asked who the first two disciples of Jesus were. Sequels to that novel describe this character Abroad and as a Detective. This character finds (*) Injun Joe while lost in McDougal’s cave with Becky Thatcher, and he persuades a group of boys to whitewash a fence for him. For ten points, name this character created by Mark Twain, a friend of Huckleberry Finn.
This country’s city of Kirkuk is one of several cities that claims to hold the tomb of the prophet Daniel. The cities of Baqubah, Ramadi, and Tikri form this country’s “Sunni triangle.” This country’s city of Qurna sits at the confluence of two rivers that then form the (*) Shatt al-Arab, which flows southeast past Basra to the Persian Gulf. The Tigris and Euphrates [yoo-fray-teez] Rivers irrigate the Fertile Crescent in, for ten points, what country whose capital is Baghdad?
If folic acid is deficient during pregnancy, this anatomical structure may not fully close in the child. Parts of this structure fuse to form the human sacrum. Extensions of this structure supported the dimetrodon’s (*) sail. A sideways curve of this structure is called scoliosis, and CSF is extracted by a “tap” of this body part. Thoracic, cervical, and lumbar segments make up, for ten points, what structure that invertebrates do not possess?
Raphael Lemkin coined this term and pushed for a 1948 convention defining it. One of these events is euphemistically called the “Events of 1915” by the Turkish government, which resists international pressure to acknowledge that it occurred to the (*) Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire. In 1994, Rwanda suffered hundreds of thousands of deaths in, for ten points, what type of heinous, mass-scale killing of a group of people?
In this author’s story “A Lamb to Slaughter,” Mary kills her husband with a leg of lamb and then feeds it to policemen. Formula 86 transforms children into mice in this author’s novel The (*) Witches. This author also wrote about a telepathic, book-loving girl who confronts Miss Trunchbull, and about five children, including Augustus Gloop, who find golden tickets in chocolate bars. For ten points, name this author of Matilda and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
This city launched an anti-aircraft barrage against nothing in February 1942, the day after a Japanese sub attacked Ellwood to the west. In this city in 1947, Elizabeth Short was found murdered; her unsolved investigation became known as the “Black Dahlia” case. The 1965 (*) Watts Riots took place in this city, which hosted a surprisingly profitable Summer Olympics in 1984. Eric Garcetti is the mayor of, for ten points, what largest city in California?
In a Shakespeare play, a pair of gravediggers agree that a women who died in this manner would have been buried outside the graveyard if she hadn’t been a noblewoman. Laertes “forbids” his tears after learning that his (*) sister has died this way in Hamlet. Ophelia falls from a willow tree before dying in, for ten points, what way, when she cannot get out of a “weeping brook?”
One of these events may have been predicted in 1975 in Haicheng, China. These events create a “shadow zone,” indicating that the Earth has a liquid outer core; the secondary waves created by these events do not reach the shadow zone, while their (*) P-waves do. These events are focused at a hypocenter, an underground point that usually lies on a tectonic fault. Seismologists study, for ten points, what events that cause severe shaking on the ground?
This god was challenged by an older deity to turn himself into a hippopotamus. This god’s four children include Imsety and Hapi. Hathor used milk to heal this god’s eye, which represented the (*) sun. This god used a wooden boat painted to look like a stone to defeat his rival Seth in a race. For ten points, name this head of the Egyptian pantheon, a falcon-headed Sky God.
Cajal bodies are found within these structures, several of which occupy the coenocytic hyphae [coh- eh-noh-SIH-tick “HIGH”-fay] of fungi. The envelope of this structure is continuous with the rough (*) endoplasmic reticulum. By definition, this structure is absent in prokaryotes, and during mitosis, the chromosomes inside this structure become visible. For ten points, name this organelle that stores DNA, the control center of a cell.
This poem’s title king names Wiglaf his successor as he dies from injuries sustained in a dragon fight, years after he defeats a female monster in a lake near the mead-hall Heorot [HAY-oh-roht]. This poem’s title Geatish [GATE-ish] warrior comes to the aid of King (*) Hrothgar [h-ROTH-gahr] by pulling off the arm of the monster Grendel. For ten points, name this Anglo-Saxon epic poem.
Moses Rose was called the “coward” of this location after refusing to cross a line in the sand. James Bowie was elected to lead forces at this location but eventually shared command with William Travis. (*) Davy Crockett was killed while defending this compound during the Texan Revolution. For ten points, name this San Antonio mission, whose namesake battle inspired a rallying cry to “remember” this place.
This artist’s sculptures of the Dying Slave and Rebellious Slave were meant to stand near statues of Leah and Rachel at the tomb of Pope Julius II. This sculptor of a (*) Horned Moses signed the sash of a sculpture of a young-looking woman who cradles her dead son. For ten points, name this Italian sculptor, who depicted Mary holding Jesus in Pieta.
The protagonist of this novel recognizes the wife of the Comte de la Fere by the fleur-de-lis [flure-duh-lee] branded on her shoulder. In this novel, Milady de Winter tries to expose his affair with Queen Anne on the orders of (*) Cardinal Richelieu, but the plan is foiled by Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. For ten points, name this novel by Alexandre Dumas [doo-MAH] about three swordsman and their friend d’Artagnan [dar-TAN-yan].
Two of these particles are produced during electron-positron annihilation, and when fired at a metal, these particles cause electrons to be ejected. These particles’ energy equals their frequency times Planck’s constant. They lack both (*) charge and rest mass, but are the force carriers of electromagnetism. These particles travel through a vacuum at nearly three times ten to the eighth meters per second. For ten points, name these particles of light.
While running for President, Ross Perot warned that this deal would cause a “giant sucking sound.” The Zapatistas opposed this agreement, which was criticized for leading to the rise of maquiladoras, (*) factories that import parts and export finished goods. In September 2018, the three countries involved in this deal agreed to replace it with the USMCA. For ten points, name this 1994 economic agreement between Mexico, Canada, and the US.
In a show about these creatures, Chloe Park befriends three of these animals who often form a “stack” for transportation. Another of these animals is adopted by the Brown family after being found near a London (*) train station. A “silly old” one of these animals resides in the Hundred Acre Wood in 2018’s Christopher Robin. For ten points, what type of animal are the literary characters Paddington and Winnie the Pooh?
Engineers in this country developed a building technique that mimics burdock blossoms and uses pebbles, not mortar, to fill in cracks between rocks; that method was used to build a castle whose tenshu [ten-shoo] was destroyed in 1615. A shrine in this country has a (*) red gate that appears to float during high tide. The Temple of the Golden Pavilion is a Zen Buddhist temple in, for ten points, what country, the home of the Ise [ee-say] Shrine and Osaka Castle?
It is not a volcano, but the “blister” type of this feature is caused by the uplift of gases trapped between lava layers. The Villa Luz one in southern Mexico contains a stream of sulfuric acid, and most are located in areas of karst terrain. Specialized (*) troglodyte species can be found within these features. For ten points, name this kind of geologic feature that often contain stalagmites and stalactites, such as the Carlsbad Caverns.
In a novel by this author, the title demon writes a series of letters to his nephew Wormwood. In addition to The Screwtape Letters, this man wrote a novel in which a girl is invited to tea by a (*) faun who she meets at a lamppost, and the siblings Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy meet Aslan and rule the title location. For ten points, name this author whose novel The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is part of The Chronicles of Narnia.
When this son of Azar was tasked with selling idols, he mocked the idols and left his home. This man challenged Namrud to make the sun rise in the west over a debate about the power of Allah. This man had a son with (*) Hajar, an Egyptian slave who served his wife, Sarah. For ten points, name this Islamic prophet who built the Ka’aba, the father of Isaac and Ismail.
A plan for this type of program was opposed by the “Harry and Louise” ads, and failed in 1994 despite the support of First Lady Hillary Clinton. The 2012 Supreme Court case NFIB v. Sibelius upheld a law that reformed this service. The (*) single-payer option would let taxes pay for this service, but that idea was not included the PPACA in 2010. For ten points, name this service that would be reformed by proposals like “Medicare for All.”
In a movement titled for this figure, the brass plays a sudden F-sharp major chord before a slow section that was later adapted for the hymn “Thaxted.” In another work, a movement after “Mercury, the Winged Messenger” is named for a (*) “Bringer of Jollity” with this name. For ten points, give this shared name of Mozart’s final symphony, a movement of Gustav Holst’s The Planets, and the chief Roman god.
The isoelectric point is a value of this quantity such that a peptide has a net neutral charge. This quantity is plotted on the y-axis of a titration curve. Buffer systems resist changes to this quantity, an increase in which can turn the (*) indicator phenolphthalein [fee-nolf-thay-leen] from colorless to pink. For ten points, name this quantity, the measure of acidity, which is seven for pure water.
This leader proposed the “Percentages” agreement, which divided up Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. This man led the “caretaker ministry” after abruptly resigning to force new elections. Clement Attlee replaced this man at the (*) Potsdam Conference in 1945. This politician met with Stalin and Roosevelt at Yalta to discuss Allied strategy. For ten points, name this Prime Minister of the UK during World War II.
Most types of this shape have a line passing through the Exeter point, the nine-point-circle’s center, and several other points; that line passing through this shape is named for Euler [oy-ler]. The Law of (*) Sines and the Law of Cosines apply to these shapes, which may be described as scalene or equilateral. The interior angles add up to 180 degrees in, For ten points, what polygon with three sides?
A river on this continent contained a set of seven cascades known as the Guaira Falls before it was destroyed by the Itaipu [it-EYE-pu] Dam. The boto river dolphins live in the (*) Orinoco River on this continent. The Parana River forms the Rio de la Plata when it meets with a river named for one of this continent’s twelve countries. For ten points, name this continent where a massive rainforest surrounds the Amazon River.
A work narrated by this character was allegedly plagiarized from The Vicar of Weilby. In another work, this character says “All I wanted was to go somewheres” while complaining about being scolded by Miss (*) Watson. This boy meets the Duke and the Dauphin while rafting down the Mississippi river with the slave Jim. For ten points, name this narrator of Tom Sawyer, Detective, a Missouri boy created by Mark Twain.
This language was used for a novel in which the decomposition of Zosima’s body disappoints one of the three title siblings. Another novel in this language follows the consequences of the murder of the (*) pawnbroker Alyona by a student named Raskolnikov. For ten points, name this language used to write Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s novels The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment, which begins in Saint Petersburg.
In 1986, this country was led by Corazon Aquino after the People Power Revolution led to the exile of Ferdinand Marcos, whose wife had an infamously large collection of shoes. The mayor of this country’s Davao City supported a “death squad” to kill (*) drug addicts before being elected President in 2016. For ten points, name this Asian country where Rodrigo Duterte leads from Manila.
When two polynomials are multiplied together, this operation is performed to find the degree of the result. A capital sigma is used in simplified notation for this mathematical operation, which is done to the exponents to simplify x squared (*) times x cubed. Negative numbers are the inverses of positive numbers when using, For ten points, what operation that undoes subtraction?
Particles emitted by the eruption of Krakatoa inspired this painting’s monochromatic background, under which shadowy boat masts float on the swirling water of Oslo Harbor. Two dark figures walk along the far left side of this painting, next to a (*) railing and behind a tortured central figure. For ten points, name this painting by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, in which a bald figure raises its hands to its head and opens its mouth wide.
People with this profession like Maria Ressa and Wa Lone were named Time People of the Year in 2018. Another person with this profession, Jamal Khashoggi [kash-oh-jee], was killed in Turkey at the (*) Saudi Arabian embassy. In June 2018, five people working in this profession were shot and killed at the office of the Capital Gazette. For ten points, name this profession that is protected in the US by the First Amendment to report the news.
When seen through an H-alpha filter, the Sun appears this color. The more silicate a meteorite contains, the more it glows this color while falling. The most common stars in the Milky Way are (*) dwarfs of this color, and in five billion years, the Sun will become a giant with this color. Jupiter’s Great Spot is, for ten points, what color that is observed in a total lunar eclipse during a “blood moon?”
After this god tried to woo the nymph Minthe, she was turned into a mint plant. This god owned the Helm of Darkness, which Perseus used to escape from the Gorgons. This god tricked his wife into eating (*) pomegranate seeds, thus forcing her to be his bride. For ten points, name this husband of Persephone [Per-seh-fuh-nee] and brother of Zeus and Poseidon, the Greek god of wealth and the underworld.
This man was betrayed by James Wilkinson in their attempt to invade Mexico and form a new country in 1806. The Essex Junto tried to get this man elected Governor of New York in 1804, after he was dropped as Vice President by (*) Thomas Jefferson. This man became a fugitive for shooting a man at Weehawken, New Jersey. For ten points, name this politician who dueled and killed Alexander Hamilton.
Ketones are produced from this kind of compound in the Jones oxidation. The isopropyl type of these compounds is found in hand (*) sanitizer. These compounds contain at least one OH [O-H] group, and one common example is a product of yeast fermentation that must be detoxified in the liver. For ten points, name this group of organic compounds with “grain” and “rubbing” types.
Characters in this novel form a Charles Dickens-inspired Pickwick Club and re-enact John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. In this novel, a young artist goes to Europe and falls in love with her childhood friend, (*) “Laurie” Laurence. Professor Bhaer [“bear”] marries the aspiring writer, Jo, in this novel. Marmie’s daughters, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, are the title March sisters in, for ten points, what novel by Louisa May Alcott?
In this game, failing to kill a Chaos Bug leads a friendly knight from Astoria to attack the player. The Kings of New Londo are corrupted by Kaathe, one of two opposing primordial serpents in this game. At the end of this game, players defeat (*) Gwyn, Lord of Cinder and decide whether or not to rekindle the first flame. For ten points, name this recently remastered game by FromSoftware, an RPG known for its difficulty.
This ship won the Blue Riband in October 1907 by reaching New Jersey in just under five days. Travelers on this ship were warned that a “state of war exists” by a newspaper ad placed by the Imperial German Embassy before this ship was sunk by a German (*) U-boat in 1915, killing nearly 1,200 people. For ten points, name this ocean liner whose sinking helped push the US into World War I.
Thevenin’s theorem allows analysis of these entities to be simplified, and the sum of potential differences around a closed one of these must be zero according to Kirchhoff’s loop rule. (*) Resistors appear as zigzag lines on diagrams of these entities, whose voltage and current are related by Ohm’s law. For ten points, name these networks of batteries, wires, and other components that may be arranged in series or parallel.
In this novel, a page of Dick Johnson’s Bible is torn out as a warning. Doctor Livesey bribes Ben Gunn with cheese in this novel, and Squire Trelawney arranges an expedition to follow a (*) map discovered in the belongings of Billy Bones, who dies after receiving the Black Spot. Jim Hawkins adventures with the pirate Long John Silver in, for ten points, what novel by Robert Louis Stevenson?
The clef for this vocal range puts C on the fourth line of the staff and is used by cellos, bassoons, and trombones. Songs like “Nessun dorma” were sung by a famous trio of performers with this vocal range that included Placido Domingo and Luciano (*) Pavarotti. This range appears between alto and bass in a standard choir. For ten points, name this highest male vocal range.
Public art in this city includes a 24-foot-long arm and fist that was built as a memorial to boxer Joe Louis. Diego Rivera murals in this city show industrial workers building bombs and (*) cars. This city owns Belle Isle Park, a river island between this city and Ontario. Thomas Edison’s last breath is held in the suburb of Dearborn at the Henry Ford Museum just outside, for ten points, what largest city in Michigan?
In this work, Pedrico is given meat scraps and an animal’s enormous head by a man who had been considered salao after eighty-four luckless days. When this work’s protagonist returns to his apprentice, (*) Manolin, in Cuba, his catch has been eaten by sharks. For ten points, name this short novel about the elderly fisherman Santiago and his attempt to bring home a giant marlin.
Some items used during this holiday may depict Judith holding Holofernes’ head, even though this holiday celebrates Antiochus [an-TYE-oh-kuss] being defeated by the Maccabees. Sufganiyot, (*) latkes, and other fried foods are consumed on this holiday. The miracle of a small amount of sacred oil lasting for eight days is celebrated in, for ten points, what Jewish Festival of Lights that is celebrated in December?
Topo-iso-merase breaks this shape to relieve super-coiling stress, and this shape is formed by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases. “Photograph 51,” taken by Rosalind Franklin, contributed to the discovery of this shape. (*) Watson and Crick received the Nobel for discovering, for ten points, what twisted ladder structure of DNA?
This battle’s winning side lost the generals Stesilaos [tess-ih-lay-os] and Callimachus in the fighting. The Carneia festival prevented some troops from helping in this battle, so Miltiades [mill-tie-uh-deez] devised the winning strategy in this battle without (*) Spartan help. Darius the Great was repelled from Greece in, for ten points, what ancient battle, after which news was relayed to Athens 26 miles away by a runner?
This body of water is plagued with Karenia brevis, which caused a massive red algae bloom in August 2018. Ixtoc I [ish-tok “one”], an underwater rig in this body of water’s Bay of Campeche, blew out in 1979. In 2010, this gulf’s Macondo Prospect was flooded when the (*) Deepwater Horizon rig exploded. The Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, and Florida lie along the edge of, for ten points, what large gulf south of the United States?
This field of study awarded Maryam Mirzakhani the Fields Medal in 2014, making her the first woman to win that award. The Nobel Prizes do not recognize this subject; instead, scholars of this subject have been given the Economics Nobel, as with John Nash’s work on (*) game theory. For ten points, name this general field of study whose Abel Prize was given to Nash for his work on differential equations.
In this city, the song “Che gelida manina” is sung by Mimi, who dies of consumption at the end of an opera. Car horns are used as an instrument in a George Gershwin piece about An American in this city, whose Latin Quarter is the setting of Giacomo Puccini’s (*) La boh‘eme. The Palais Garnier [pa-LAY garn-YAY] is haunted by the Phantom of the Opera in, For ten points, what capital city of France?
A hypothetical type of this structure is the 20-mile long O’Neill cylinder. The most recently completed one of these is China’s Tiangong-2. Valery Polyakov holds the endurance record for spending 437 days aboard one of these called (*) Mir [meer], and the American one, Skylab, crashed in Australia upon re-entry. For ten points, name this type of structure whose International example houses astronauts and their experiments in outer space.
This country was defended by leaders like “Good Sir” James Douglas and Andrew de Moray. In 1603, this country’s king succeeded Elizabeth I, becoming James VI [sixth] of this country and James I of England. This country was led in its wars of independence in the 13th and 14th centuries by (*) William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. For ten points, name this country that, in 1707, officially united with its southern neighbor, England.
In an early version of this story, Talia names her children Sole and Luna. Charles Perrault added seven fairies to this story, and a German version includes twelve fairies who give blessings to a baby named (*) Briar Rose. In this story, a prince finds a castle covered in thorns and frees a princess by kissing her. For ten points, name this fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm about a princess cursed to sleep for one hundred years.
Turbinate bones surround organs dedicated to this ability, which is enhanced by the Jacobson’s organ in snakes. Insects detect pheromones by this ability using their (*) antennae. This type of sensory signal is gathered in the olfactory bulb, which is well-developed in the carrion-seeking turkey vulture and the tracking bloodhound. For ten points, name this sense in which odor molecules are detected by the nose.
This biblical figure married Michal after collecting 200 Philistine foreskins. Joab, commanded this man’s army, and helped him plan the death of Uriah the Hittite so this man could marry (*) Bathsheba. This youngest son of Jesse was the father of Absalom, and is believed to have authored the Psalms. For ten points, name this King of Israel who was the successor to Saul and father of Solomon.
In this novel, a man nicknamed the “Leech” mourns “thou hast escaped me” as a man dies after giving a sermon. This novel’s protagonist is married to Roger Chillingworth, and has a daughter named (*) Pearl from an affair with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. For ten points, name this novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne, in which Hester Prynne is forced to wear the title red “A” on her chest.
Three days before this battle began, Joseph Hooker was replaced by George Meade. This battle, which included fighting at the Peach Orchard and Little Round Top, ended with (*) Pickett’s Charge. Months after this battle, President Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery on its grounds. For ten points, name this Civil War battle that was commemorated with an address that begins “Four score and seven years ago.”
A baseball game in this city was forfeited when “Disco Demolition Night” went horribly wrong. Babe Ruth’s called shot took place in this city during a road game for the New York Yankees. This city hosted World Series games in 1959 at Comiskey Park and (*) 2005 at US Cellular Field, but not in any of the years in between. For ten points, name this city that held parades in 2005 and 2016 to celebrate, respectively, the White Sox and the Cubs.
Studying treatment for this disease earned Tu Youyou, a traditional Chinese medicine scholar, the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Ronald Ross earned a 1902 Nobel for finding that this disease is transmitted by insects in the genus (*) Anopheles. Sickle cell anemia provides resistance to this disease, which was first treated by quinine. Fever, vomiting, and death are symptoms of, for ten points, what mosquito-borne disease?
In this play, a speech that remembers when this play’s title man was offered “a kingly crown” turns a mob against Cinna the poet. A ghost in this play warns one of his killers that he will be defeated at Philippi, and is defended by (*) Mark Antony. The title character of this play says “et tu, Brute?” while being stabbed by Brutus and other senators. For ten points, name this Shakespeare play about the murder of a Roman general.
Two hundred people were killed in this country in a bombing on the Sari Club and Paddy’s Pub. In September 2018, this country’s island of Sulawesi was struck by a tsunami. A 2004 tsunami that killed over 200,000 people was caused by an earthquake off the coast of this country’s island of (*) Sumatra. The 2002 Bali nightclub bombings took place in, for ten points, what Asian country made up of thousands of islands, including Java?
This artist created the print Fiesta Pig and organized the Exploding Plastic Inevitable events for creators who worked with this man in his studio, “The Factory.” This artist created a Diptych of (*) Marilyn Monroe using silkscreens, and created a series of paintings showing mass-produced items in “Tomato” and “Beef Noodle” flavors. For ten points, name this artist who painted a series of Campbell’s Soup Cans.
As governor, this politician was the first to sign a no-fault divorce law in the US. This man, who fired thousands of striking air traffic controllers, gave a speech praising a group who had “slipped the (*) surly bonds of Earth [and] touched the face of God.” The Challenger disaster took place during the term of, for ten points, what Governor of California and US President who told Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down this wall” in 1987?
With the help of his brothers Vili and Ve, this god killed Ymir [EE-meer], and he also disguised himself as Bolverk in order to steal the Mead of Poetry. This god, who owned the ring Draupnir [Drowp-neer], gave up his (*) eye to drink from the well of Mimir and obtained the wisdom of the runes after hanging himself from Yggdrasil [IGG-drah-zill] for nine days. The ravens Hugin [HOO-ghin] and Munin [MOO-nin] belonged to, for ten points, what chief god in Norse mythology?
Carbon and an element in this family are found in Teflon. This group of elements forms anions with minus one charge, and this group includes the most electronegative element. Another element in this family is, like mercury, a (*) liquid at room temperature. Bromine, chlorine, and fluorine are elements in, for ten points, what group found one column to the left of the noble gases on the periodic table?
In a poem, this character travels along the Mystic River after “silently [rowing] to the Charlestown shore” past the HMS Somerset. This man issues a “cry of defiance, and not of fear” after watching the old North Church for the code (*) “one if by land and two if by sea.” For ten points, name this historical figure who, in a poem by Longfellow, visits Lexington and Concord to warn of approaching British redcoats during his “midnight ride.”
Giuseppe Ferlini blew up dozens of these structures built by the Kushites in Nubia. El Castillo is a Mexican one of these structures that served as a temple to Kukulcan in the Mayan civilization. An ancient Mesopotamian version of these structures, the (*) ziggurat, had steps that were smoothed out when designed by architects like Imhotep. For ten points, name this type of triangular structure built as a tomb for Egyptian pharaohs.
A man in this novel dresses as a woman to tell the fortunes of Blanche Ingram and his future wife. This novel’s protagonist befriends Helen Burns when she attends Lowood School. In this novel, Grace Poole cares for the deranged (*) Bertha Mason, who eventually burns down Thornfield Hall. For ten points, name this novel whose title character marries the mysterious Mr Rochester, a work by Charlotte Bronte.
This god’s son, Tenages, was murdered by his four brothers over his scientific prowess, and this god’s daughter Pasiphae was the wife of King Minos. This god had a sacred herd on Thrinacia, and his daughter Circe warned Odysseus against killing the (*) cattle this god kept there. Phaethon, another son of this god, died while trying to control this god’s chariot. For ten points, name this Greek god, the personification of the sun.
The hydrocarbon haze surrounding Titan contributes to the “anti-” form of this process. Svante Arrhenius linked this effect to a rise in (*) carbon dioxide concentration, and a “runaway” form of it caused Venus to develop extreme global warming. For ten points, name this effect in which atmospheric gases absorb thermal radiation and redirect it back to Earth’s surface, generating higher average temperatures.
A performer of this instrument used it to imitate a preacher’s voice on the track “Psalm.” This instrument was played by a performer who used “sheets of sound” on albums like A Love Supreme and Giant Steps. This instrument was played by John (*) Coltrane, who collaborated with jazz trumpeter Miles Davis. For ten points, name this woodwind instrument that, in school wind bands, commonly comes in alto and tenor forms.
The story of Laura Bridgman inspired this figure’s mother to meet with Alexander Graham Bell; this co-founder of the ACLU later dedicated her autobiography, The Story of My Life, to Bell. The play The (*) Miracle Worker details Anne Sullivan’s work teaching this woman hand signals for words like “water.” For ten points, name this activist and author from Alabama who, as a result of a childhood fever, was deaf and blind.
A transversal passing through two lines with this property creates equal alternate angles. A kite has no sides with this property, and if the opposite sides of a rhombus have this property, the rhombus is actually a (*) square. Two lines with this property are always the same distance apart. For ten points, name this adjective from geometry that describes two lines that never intersect.
This writer noted that “Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered” in a work that opens, “These are the times that try men’s souls.” This author of The Crisis wrote an “Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology” that advocated (*) deism, as well as a 1776 work that argued for independence from Britain. For ten points, name this early American pamphleteer who wrote The Age of Reason and Common Sense.
Warehouses called horrea were first built in this city, where working class families lived in apartments called insulae. This city was connected to Brindisi by the Appian Way, where followers of (*) Spartacus were crucified. A valley between the Aventine and Palatine Hills was the site of this city’s Circus Maximus, a racing stadium near the Colosseum. For ten points, name this ancient city, the center of a massive Italian empire.
This author wrote about a character who jumps to reach a branch before deciding that he doesn’t want the title fruit. A character created by this man begs a group of insects for food because he spent the summer (*) playing music. “Slow and steady wins the race” is a moral created by, for ten points, what Greek author of fables such as “The Fox and the Grapes,” “The Ants and the Grasshopper,” and “The Tortoise and the Hare?”
A waste product generated by these organisms is called ambergris [am-ber-gree]. The hippopotamus is the closest land relative of these animals. Some of these animals use (*) baleen to filter krill, and the singing of the humpback species can travel hundreds of miles. For ten points, name this group of aquatic mammals whose “blue” species is the largest animal that ever lived.
This artist sings of her “dream to have a family / a house and everything in between” in a song with Khalid and benny blanco. On the 2017 album hopeless fountain kingdom, this singer notes that a former boyfriend “wants me in the kitchen with a (*) dinner plate.” With Andrew Taggart, this artist repeats “We ain’t ever getting older” in another song. For ten points, name this singer of “Bad At Love” who collaborated with The Chainsmokers on “Closer.”
A failed exploration of this river ended when Robert de La Salle’s men killed him. This river names a civilization that created the Cahokia Mounds. This river flowed backwards during the New Madrid earthquake and has its source at Lake (*) Itasca in Minnesota. For ten points, name this river that flows through New Orleans and, with the Missouri River, forms the United States’ longest river system.
One sect of this religion contemplates questions known as koans, and the ideals of this religion are known as The Three Jewels. Adherents of this religion follow the (*) Eightfold Path, and the two main branches are Theravada and Mahayana. For ten points, name this religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, whose followers strive to achieve nirvana.
This literary character puts a barber’s bowl on his head because he believes that it is the helmet of Mambrino, and duels with Sampson Carrasco, who dresses up as the Knight of the White Moon. The elderly horse (*) Rocinante is the steed of this character, who falls in love with the farm girl Dulcinea and fights windmills with his companion Sancho Panza. For ten points, name this title knight of a novel by Miguel de Cervantes.
These processes appear as horizontal lines on heating curves, and the temperature at which these processes takes place is affected by the van’t Hoff factor. Sublimation is one of these events; two other examples take place for pure (*) water at zero and one hundred degrees Celsius. For ten points, name this type of process, examples of which include melting and boiling.
This city’s land includes Stonecutters Island, which is now connected to the Kowloon Peninsula. This city’s Bank of China Tower is among its over 300 skyscrapers, the most in any city in the world. This city is a (*) Special Administrative Region, and separated from its colonizers two years before its neighbor, Macau. In 1997, the British gave up control of, for ten points, what very densely populated Chinese city?
A strongman who ruled this country gained power in the Revolt of the Sergeants and lost it in the 26th of July Movement. Fulgencio Batista was overthrown in this country in 1959 by Che (*) Guevara and a man who ruled this country until 2008. Hundreds of thousands of exiled people from this country live in Florida, 90 miles to the north. For ten points, name this country once ruled by Fidel Castro from Havana.
In this play, Judge Danforth demands a signed confession from a prisoner. A young girl in this play faints after dancing in the forest with her cousin Abigail and her father’s slave, Tituba. In this play, (*) Giles Corey asks for “more weight” while being pressed to death, and John Proctor is hanged for refusing to admit to false claims of witchcraft. For ten points, name this play about the Salem Witch Trials, written by Arthur Miller.
About nine billion transition cycles of cesium-133 define this unit, and a pendulum 99.4 centimeters long will precisely measure (*) two of them. The ampere is the ratio of a coulomb to this unit, and the watt is the ratio of a joule to it. Hertz is the reciprocal of this unit that appears squared in the standard unit of force. For ten points, name this SI [S-I] base unit of time, sixty of which are in a minute.
One of these objects sits on the windowsill in the Albrecht Durer engraving Saint Jerome in His Study, and another of these objects is stretched diagonally across the bottom of Holbein’s The Ambassadors. In art, these objects are used as vanitas or (*) memento mori, artistic reminders of the viewer’s mortality. For ten points, name these human bones used to represent death.
Blue mountains in the background of this painting were inspired by a window-side view from Saint-Paul, an institution near Saint-Remy de Provence [sawn reh-MEE duh proh-VONS], and overlook a tall church (*) steeple in an idealized village. A cypress tree dominates the left-hand side of this painting, opposite a strangely luminous crescent moon. For ten points, name this painting created by Vincent Van Gogh, in which bright lights swirl in a dark sky.
The 23rd Amendment concerns this city, which is subject to a 1910 law that prevents the building of skyscrapers. Under the Compromise of 1790, states adopted Alexander Hamilton’s debt plan in exchange for (*) acknowledgement of this city. Article I of the Constitution allowed for the creation of, for ten points, what city on the Potomac River that succeeded New York and Philadelphia as capital of the US?
The World War II proximity fuse relied on this effect to detonate bombs near their targets. This effect is used in ultrasound to measure the speed of blood through an artery, and it is applied to microwaves to allow police officers to catch speeding cars and (*) meteorologists to track storms. An ambulance siren’s pitch increases as it approaches the listener due to, for ten points, what effect used in weather radar?
The Friedman rabbit test was once used to diagnose this condition, whose abnormal types can be molar or ectopic. Amniocentesis is performed on patients with this condition that is marked by a continuous increase in (*) progesterone. In an early stage of this condition, the placenta attaches to the uterus. Morning sickness is a common symptom of, for ten points, what condition that often concludes with a woman giving birth to a baby?
In this novel, the daughter of Sister Gudule is born with the name Agnes, but grows up as a dancer who performs with her goat Djali [“jolly”]. The “Pope of Fools” who tries to reunite Agnes with Captain (*) Phoebus in this novel against the wishes of Archdeacon Claude Frollo. For ten points, name this novel about La Esmeralda, a girl who is switched as a baby with Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer of a Paris cathedral.
According to Joseph Smith, this biblical figure lived with her husband near Jackson County, Missouri. Her husband’s first wife was the evil Lilith, and she became the mother of Seth after her son committed the (*) first murder. A serpent assured this woman, “you will not certainly die,” inspiring her to take a bite from a forbidden fruit. For ten points, name this mother of Cain and wife of Adam, the first woman to appear in the Bible.
Description acceptable. Structures built for this purpose include kurgans in Proto-Indo-European cultures. In 1939, archaeologists in Britain discovered Sutton Hoo, a site that used a ship as the vessel for this purpose. Paris and Rome each have extensive (*) underground catacombs that serve this purpose, which may be done in a mausoleum. For ten points, name this act that may be done with a coffin or a casket.
This literary character accepts a point of weakness in the small of his back and commands troops at the Battle of Manhattan. This character attempts to destroy (*) Kronos hosted in the body of Luke Castellan, whom this character meets at Camp Half-Blood. For ten points, name this son of Sally and Poseidon, a teen demigod who appears in a series of novels by Rick Riordan that begins with The Lightning Thief.
Leonidas Dyer tried to make this action a federal crime. This action was carried out in Marietta, Georgia against Leo Frank, who had been imprisoned for the murder of Mary Phagan. Billie Holliday protested this action with the song (*) “Strange Fruit,” which describes “Blood on the leaves and blood at the root” of trees. The Ku Klux Klan often carried out, for ten points, what type of murder that often targeted African Americans via hanging?
This type of quantity is calculated by Bayes’ Theorem. This concept must have a non-negative value that cannot exceed one. This mathematical concept can be added together if two events are mutually exclusive. This value is 0.5 for (*) flipping a “heads” on a standard fair coin. For ten points, name this mathematical concept that describes the likelihood of an event, often as a percentage.
This state’s Sawatch Mountains include Mount Harvard, Mount Yale, and Mount Oxford. This state’s 58 “fourteeners,” or mountains with a peak over 14,000 feet, include Mount Elbert, the tallest point in this state, and a mountain named for a man who failed to climb it, (*) Pikes Peak. Greeley, Fort Collins, and Boulder are cities in, for ten points, what state in the Rocky Mountains that is home to a US Mint in Denver?
The protagonist of this musical declares “There is power in me yet / My race is not yet run!” in the “Confrontation” scene. A theme in this musical is sung as “Come To Me” during a young mother’s death, and returns when Eponine [EH-poh-neen] and (*) Fantine [fon-teen] escort the protagonist to heaven. “One Day More” closes Act One of, for ten points, what musical about Jean Valjean’s [zhahn val-zhahn’s] redemption, based on the Victor Hugo novel of the same name?
Piobert’s law describes the behavior of this substance, whose modern double-base form consists mainly of nitrocellulose. DuPont was founded as a manufacturer of this substance. (*) Smokeless types of this substance are contrasted with the traditional black form, made from a mixture of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur. For ten points, name this explosive substance used to propel cannonballs and bullets.
Two of these works claim “thy eternal summer shall not fade” and admits “that music hath a far more pleasing sound” than a lover’s voice. These poems include “My (*) mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” and “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” and may have been addressed to Elizabeth I. For ten points, name these fourteen-line poems, many of which were written by Shakespeare.
Robert Peel controversially asked this ruler to dismiss attendants of the Bedchamber. This leader was the first to permanently live in Buckingham Palace, and had a famously positive relationship with the only Jewish prime minister of her country, (*) Benjamin Disraeli. The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park was organized by this ruler’s husband, Prince Albert. For ten points, name this “Empress of India,” a 19th-century queen of England.
In a story from this civilization, Hun-Came and Vucub-Came play a ballgame against Xbalanque [shah-blon-kay] and Hunahpu [hoo-nah-poo]. Stories from this civilization are collected in the (*) Popul Vuh, which also tells how humans were created out of maize. The Hero Twins journey to the underworld Xibalba [shee-ball-bah] in a story form, for ten points, what Mesoamerican civilization, whose Long Count calendar ended in 2012?
One of these objects is given by Cio-Cio San [cho cho sahn] to her son before she commits suicide in Madame Butterfly. A song named for this object was used as an emergency signal in the 1944 Hartford circus fire. The melody of the drinking song (*) “To Anacreon in Heaven” is the setting of a poem about this object, which is praised “Forever” by a John Philip Sousa march. For ten points, name this object, the subject of “The Star Spangled Banner.”
While working in this region, Leonid Rogozov gave himself an emergency appendectomy. Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed into the side of this region’s Mount Erebus in 1979. Sectors of this region are controlled by countries like (*) Chile, Australia, and the United States. Ernest Shackleton, Robert Scott, Roald Amundsen used sled dogs and icebreaking ships to explore, for ten points, what nearly uninhabited continent, the home of the South Pole?
This planet’s moon Pan is located within the Encke gap. The spiral shape of a feature of this planet labeled F was detected by the Cassini probe. Christiaan Huygens [HOY-ghens] studied this planet, whose north pole has a hexagonal wave pattern. (*) Rhea, Iapetus, and Titan orbit, what sixth planet from the Sun, surrounded by the solar system’s most prominent ring system?
In this novel, Tom Loker changes his outlook on life after being healed at a Quaker settlement at the request of Eliza. George Shelby arrives too late to stop this novel’s title man from dying on the order of (*) Simon Legree, who purchases the protagonist after the deaths of Eva St Clare and her father. For ten points, name this novel about the struggles of slaves like George, Eliza, and the quiet title man, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
The P680 type of this molecule performs photolysis of water. Located in thylakoid membranes, this molecule contains a porphyrin ring with a central magnesium ion. The absorption spectrum of this molecule peaks at red and blue wavelengths, and the (*) autumn change in leaf color is due to the its breakdown. For ten points, name this molecule that absorbs sunlight energy needed for photosynthesis, and that gives plants a green color.
This state was once represented by four-term SEnator Barbara Boxer. This state’s Congresswoman Anna Eshoo was the first representative contacted by Christine Blasey Ford to discuss her allegations about Brett Kavanaugh; Eshoo then referred Ford to this state’s senior Senator. (*) Kamala Harris and Dianne Feinstein represent, for ten points, what state that has 55 electoral votes, the most populous state in the US?
This president was opposed by the “Four Horsemen,” a conservative block of the Supreme Court, and he failed in a controversial attempt to “pack” more justices on the Court. This man created new agencies like the (*) Tennessee Valley Authority and WPA to fight the Great Depression. For ten points, name this president who expanded the federal government through his New Deal policies while suffering from polio.
This god was honored with hymns called dithyrambs at the Lenaia festival, and he was obeyed by female followers, like Agave, who were called maenads. This god rescued (*) Ariadne after she was deserted by Theseus. The death of this god’s mother, Semele, prompted Zeus to sew this god into his thigh, making him “twice-born.” For ten points, name this Greek god of wine.
This process generates granules in the photosphere of stars. Tectonic plates move because of this type of current in the mantle. Atmospheric Hadley cells swap (*) dry air for moist in the tropics through this process, and the “forced” type uses a blanket of hot air to cook food evenly in a namesake oven. For ten points, name this process that transfers heat by the motion of a fluid.
This work’s protagonist is visited by man who carries an empty, rusty scabbard and has more than eighteen hundred brothers. In this work, the chained-up ghost of Jacob (*) Marley, and a ghost of a holiday “Yet to Come” warn of the possible fate of Bob Cratchit’s son. For ten points, name this novella by Charles Dickens, in which Ebeneezer Scrooge gives food to Tiny Tim’s family after he learns to appreciate the title winter holiday.
This note’s major key was used for George Bizet’s [zhorzh bee-zay’s] only symphony and Ravel’s Bolero. This note is the dominant of the key of F. Brahms’ first symphony starts in this note’s minor key and finish in its major, as does Beethoven’s (*) fifth symphony. This key’s major scale is played on all white keys on a piano. For ten points, name this note whose major key has no flats or sharps, and which is found one whole step below D.
A German one of these political organizations grew out of the Spartacus League, which was co-founded by Rosa Luxemburg. These groups were once organized in the Third International, also known as the Comintern. Every member country within the (*) Warsaw Pact was led by this type of political party, most of which lost power around 1990. For ten points, name this type of political party that ruled the Soviet Union.
This novel’s protagonist accidentally breaks his sister’s “Little Shirley Beans” record, but takes her to the Central Park Zoo so she can ride the carousel. This novel’s protagonist reminisces about his brother Allie’s poetry-scrawled baseball glove. (*) Phoebe is the sister of this novel’s protagonist, who is kicked out of Pencey Prep at the start of this novel. For ten points, name this novel about Holden Caulfield, written by JD Salinger.
The player must operate one of these vehicles for eight continuous hours to score one point in an unreleased Sega CD game starring Penn and Teller. Keanu Reeves and Sandra Bullock are forced to operate one of these vehicles that has a bomb planted on it in the film (*) Speed. Players skydive out of one of these vehicles at the beginning of Fortnite matches. For ten points, name this type of vehicle that Ms Frizzle drives for “magic” field trips.
These structures often include a sahn, an enclosed courtyard with a fountain to allow visitors to perform wudu, a type of ritual cleansing. The tallest point on these structures is used by a muezzin to issue a call for (*) prayer, and is called a minaret. These structures contain a raised platform called a minbar, from which sermons are delivered by imams. For ten points, name these centers of Islamic worship.
The katabatic type of this phenomenon is cooled by glaciers, and the Santa Ana and Chinook ones are extremely dry. An ane-mometer can be used to classify these on the (*) Beaufort scale. In the US, prevailing westerly ones of these generated the Dust Bowl, and ones faster than 72 miles per hour are called “hurricane force.” For ten points, name these large air movements that blow from regions of high pressure to low.
In a novel from this modern country, Josef Knecht [NEKT] becomes Magister Ludi in the province of Castilia. The Glass Bead Game is from this country, as are The Sorrows of Young Werther and a work in which (*) Mephistopheles makes a tragic deal with the title man, Faust. For ten points, name this country that is home to Herman Hesse [HESS] and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [GUR-tuh].
This man recounted having to give Hugh Auld his wages from a Baltimore shipyard in one of his autobiographies. This founder of The North Star newspaper argued for women’s suffrage at the Seneca Falls Convention, and asked (*) “What, to a slave, is the Fourth of July?” in an 1852 speech. For ten points, name this abolitionist who described his life as a slave in My Bondage and My Freedom and a best-selling Narrative of his life.
A depiction of this scene by Salvador Dalı replaces the central object with a hypercube. Houses and a synagogue burn in the background of Marc Chagall’s White version of this scene. In Gauguin’s [goh-GAN’s] depiction of this scene, this event’s central figure stands on a small ledge with (*) nails through his feet and hands. For ten points, name this biblical event, which in Gauguin’s painting shows the death of The Yellow Christ.
This country’s Gatun Lake was the largest man-made lake in the world when it was created in the early 20th century. This country earned its independence from its southern neighbor a decade after the French gave up on a (*) construction project here that was eventually finished with American help. For ten points, name this Central American country where a canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
The dalton is a unit of this quantity, and another unit for this quantity appears in the denominator of the formula for molality. Stoichiometry [stoh-ih-kee-ah-meh-tree] requires finding the molar form of this quantity for compounds. Isotopes of an element (*) differ in this value, which is equal to the sum of each atom’s protons and neutrons. The amu [A-M-U] is the standard unit of, for ten points, what physical quantity that can also be measured in grams?
In 1993, the British newspaper The Independent published a positive personal relations story about this man’s efforts to build a rural highway in Sudan using mujahideen labor. Operation (*) Neptune Spear targeted this man, who was killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011 by Navy SEALs. For ten points, name this leader of Al Qaeda and mastermind of the 9/11 attacks.
A character in this novel misses her cue to come on stage during a pageant in which she is dressed as a ham. A recluse in this novel is rumored to have stabbed his father with scissors. In this novel, (*) Tom Robinson is accused of rape by Bob and Mayella Ewell, and is defended by the protagonist’s father, Atticus. Boo Radley rescues Jem in, for ten points, what novel about the coming of age of Scout Finch, written by Harper Lee?
A mathematician from what is now this country names a formula for calculating the area of a cyclic quadrilateral, given its side lengths. Centuries before the invention of calculus, the power series expansions for sine and cosine were developed by the (*) Kerala school in this country. The decimal number system first appeared in the 7th century in, for ten points, what country where Brahmagupta wrote about mathematical innovations, like zero, in Sanskrit?
At this battle, William II of the Netherlands suffered a bullet wound and was knocked off his horse at a spot now commemorated by the 140-foot-tall Lion’s Mound. The battles of Ligny [lihn-yee] and Quatre Bras [KAHT-rah brah] were fought two days prior to this battle, where (*) Blucher’s [bloo-ker’s] Prussians broke through the right flank. The Seventh Coalition’s victory in this battle doomed the losing general to exile for the second time. For ten points, name this 1815 battle, the final defeat of Napoleon.
By 2030, half of Vietnam’s farmland may be ruined by an intrusion of this substance. Domes of this substance are often drilled to access trapped oil. Halite is the mineral form of this substance, which is found in large amounts in both the (*) Bonneville Flats and Dead Sea. For ten points, name this substance with an average concentration of 3.5% in seawater, whose chemical name is sodium chloride.
The protagonist of this novel secretly reads The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism in a room above Mr Charrington’s shop while on break from the Ministry of Truth. In this novel, dissident citizens of Airstrip One are sent to (*) Room 101 to be tortured with their worst fear. In this novel, Winston Smith meets with Julia and is arrested for thoughtcrime against Big Brother. For ten points, name this dystopian novel, set in the title year, written by George Orwell.
This piece in D-flat major opens with a softly trilled A-flat before a run of eighth notes. This piece, which is in three-four time, was dedicated to Delfina Potocka, a countess whose small dog enjoyed chasing its (*) tail, inspiring this piece. For ten points, name this piano piece by Frederic Chopin [sho-pan], a waltz whose name doesn’t actually mean it should be played in 60 seconds.
A character in this film “never looks back” because it “distracts from the now,” and mocks supermodels. In this film, the password “KRONOS” is used to discover the secret behind the (*) Omnidroid. This film’s villain, Syndrome, is sucked into a jet engine by his cape, a fashion choice that Edna Mode would never have allowed. A sequel was released in 2018 for, for ten points, what 2004 Pixar film about the Parr family, which includes Elastigirl and other “supers?”
The 1670 work Pensees ´pahn-say] argues in favor of this concept with an example involving a wager, noting that betting against this concept has the possibility of infinite loss. Thomas Aquinas offered five arguments in favor of this concept, which (*) Pascal’s Wager argues rational people should accept. For ten points, name this theological position that is opposed by atheists.
In the Mahabharata, this god gives the Pashupatastra arrow to Arjuna, and he appeared in a pillar of flame as Nataraja. This god drank Halahala and cut off his son’s head while trying to reach his wife, (*) Parvati. Ganesha received the head of an elephant from this god, whose consumption of poison turned his throat blue. For ten points, name this three-eyed Hindu destroyer god, a member of the Trimurti along with Brahma and Vishnu.
Improved precision in measuring the position implies worse precision in measuring this quantity, according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Unlike kinetic energy, this quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic (*) collisions. The recoil of a rifle is a demonstration of, for ten points, what physical quantity, equal to mass times velocity, that describes how much impact a moving body can have in a collision?
This country controlled an island that the Teller Amendment guaranteed would not be annexed by the US. A war against this country was supported by William Randolph Hearst, whose “yellow journalism” blamed the sinking of the USS (*) Maine in Cuba on this country. Teddy Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in an 1898 war against, For ten points, what European country that gave the Philippines and Puerto Rico to the US and whose capital is Madrid?
This short story’s protagonist is told to wear “two or three gorgeous roses” to the Ministry of Education ball, but instead she borrows a decoration from Madame (*) Forestier [foh-ress-tee-AY] that she later discovers is worth only a few francs. For ten points, name this short story by Guy de Maupassant [ghee duh moh-pah-SAWN], in which Mathilde Loisel [mah-TEELD lwah-ZELL] struggles for ten years to replace the title fake piece of jewelry.
In many stories, this man told King Vortigern a story about a pair of sleeping dragons under his castle. This man was credited with using advanced machines to move the rocks of Stonehenge to their current place. This man was trapped in a cave by (*) Nimue after living his life backwards, and he served as an advisor to a “once and future King.” For ten points, name this creator of the Round Table, a famous wizard who served King Arthur.
The symmetric group of this many elements is the smallest that is not a solvable group, a result that inspired the Abel-Ruffini theorem. This is the central number of the only 3-by-3 magic square. There are this many (*) Platonic solids, and there are this many complex solutions to a quintic polynomial. The only odd proper factor of ten is, for ten points, what prime number, the number of sides of a pentagon?
This poet described a time when “the great star early droop’d in the western sky” and a coffin passed “through lanes and streets.” This author addressed the poems “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” and “Oh Captain! My Captain!” to (*) Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American poet who wrote “I celebrate myself and sing myself” in “Song of Myself,” and whose poems were collected in Leaves of Grass.
This man’s second wife, Peggy Shippen, helped him work with John Andre, who was hanged after being caught with letters written by this man. A monument of this man’s (*) boot was built at the site of the Battle of Saratoga, where this man’s efforts went unrewarded. For ten points, name this Revolutionary War general who plotted to betray West Point to the British.
Decline at the apex of these constructs can result in mesopredator release. The ten percent rule explains why these pathways rarely have more than five (*) trophic levels. Primary producers form the base of these pathways, whose links are connected by decomposers. For ten points, name these lists of organisms that show the transfer of matter and energy from plants to herbivores to carnivores.
This empire’s capital city was built south of Tlatelolco [t-lah-tell-ohl-koh] on a small island in Lake Texcoco [tesh-koh-koh]. Pedro de Alvarado helped lead an escape from this empire’s capital city during La Noche Triste [lah noh-chay tree-stay] after his men murdered (*) Montezuma II. Hernan Cortez conquered, For ten points, what empire whose ruined capital of Tenochtitlan was built in what is now Mexico City?
In this story, a man pretending to be the brother of Mustafa the Tailor traps Mustafa’s son in a booby-trapped cavern. A princess in this story is fooled into giving away a magical (*) artifact to a sorcerer who is trying to take possession of a magical creature who grants wishes. For ten points, name this story, a late addition to The One Thousand and One Nights, in which the title man rubs a magical lamp to release a djinn.
This river may originate at the usually-dry Trewsbury Mead, or at a location known as Seven Springs, which would make this river its country’s longest, surpassing the (*) Severn. This river, whose name comes from the Celtic for “dark,” is called the Isis where it flows through Oxford. Tower Bridge crosses this river just east of St. Paul’s Cathedral. For ten points, name this English river that flows through London.
This man’s insistence on a static universe led him to call the cosmological constant his “biggest blunder.” The observation of starlight bending during a solar eclipse validated this man’s concept of (*) spacetime. He received the 1921 Nobel for his work on the photoelectric effect, but was refused the prize for formulating his most famous theory. For ten points, name this scientist who modernized cosmology by incorporating gravity into his theory of general relativity.
This woman is the subject of L.H.O.O.Q. [el-osh-oh-oh-koo], a work in which Marcel Duchamp added a moustache to a postcard of this woman. Overcleaning of a painting of this woman is blamed for her missing (*) eyebrows and the transparency of her delicate black veil. For ten points, name this woman, thought to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, who has an enigmatic smile in a painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
After this god lost a contest to Pan, he gave Midas donkey ears. This god was forced to serve Admetus after killing the cyclopes to avenge his son Asclepius. After (*) Niobe boasted of her seven sons and daughters, Leto sent this god and his sister to kill them all. For ten points, name this lyre-playing Greek god of music and light, the twin brother of Artemis.
This state’s second-largest city is home to the BOK Tower, a half-sized replica of the original World Trade Center twin towers designed by the same firm. This state’s flagship university is in Norman, a suburb of its largest city. The (*) Choctaw Nation is established in the southeast of this state, which was once labeled Indian Territory. For ten points, name this central US state that is home to Tulsa and a prominent panhandle north of Texas.
The dimethyl of this element is a toxin that can penetrate nitrile gloves. The vaccine preservative thimerosal has been banned in some countries for containing this element, which forms amalgams with other metals. A common unit of pressure is (*) millimeters of this element, which was once used in thermometers since it is a liquid at room temperature. For ten points, name this element with symbol Hg that shares its name with the planet closest to the Sun.
A leader of this country visited Roswell Garst’s corn farm in Iowa but wasn’t allowed to tour Disneyland in 1959. Margaret Thatcher praised a leader of this country by saying “We can do business together;” that leader promoted glasnost, a policy of openness, before this country (*) dissolved in 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev and Nikita Khrushchev led, for ten points, what country that fought the Cold War with the US?
In this play, a talkative character who declares that “brevity is the soul of wit” is stabbed through a curtain. A goblet of poisoned wine and a poison-coated sword are prepared for a duel in this play, but end up killing (*) Gertrude and Laertes instead. This play’s protagonist tells Ophelia to “get thee to a nunnery” and vows to get revenge on Claudius for his father’s death in, for ten points, what Shakespeare tragedy about the Prince of Denmark?
This region is paralleled below ground by the andesite line. Subduction of the Juan de Fuca and Nazca plates powers this region’s eastern zone. Both the 1964 Good Friday and 2011 Tohoku quakes occurred in this region, whose Mount (*) Pinatubo and Mount Saint Helens have experienced powerful eruptions. For ten points, name this geologically active region that contains 75% of Earth’s volcanoes and follows the rough outline of the Pacific Ocean.
An artist from this country painted Soft Construction with Boiled Beans. A painting from this country’s civil war depicts a flower growing from a sword and an impaled horse writhing under an (*) eye-shaped lightbulb. A landscape with soft-textured clocks and a depiction of the bombing of Guernica are both from, for ten points, what home country of Salvador Dalı and Pablo Picasso?
In a short story by this author, a smart house cooks and cleans, unaware that its inhabitants have died in a nuclear holocaust. This author of “There Will Come Soft Rains” wrote a novel in which a rulebook tells (*) firement to “start the fire swiftly.” In a novel by this man, Clarisse McClellan’s disappearance makes Guy Montag lose faith in his job as a book burner. For ten points, name this author of Fahrenheit 451.
This woman advised James Montgomery on a raid on the Combahee River. This woman had a prophetic vision of meeting John Brown, who called this woman “General” after they met. This nurse and spy during the (*) Civil War carried a revolver on nearly 20 trips into the American South. “Moses” was the nickname of, for ten points, what conductor of the Underground Railroad, a woman who brought dozens of slaves to freedom?
These shapes are the subject of Book 3 of Euclid’s Elements, whose tenth Proposition notes that two of these shapes cannot intersect at more than two points. Euclid also proposed that a quadrilateral drawn in one of these shapes will have opposite angles that add to (*) 180 degrees. In classical construction, these shapes can be drawn with a compass. For ten points, name this geometric shape whose area is equal to pi times its radius squared.
This position was played by Daniel Carlson and Zane Gonzalez, who were each released after just two games in 2018. Another player at this position, Mason Crosby, failed five times in an October 2018 game. Matt Prater’s (*) 64-yard score is the record best for this position, and Sebastian Janikowski’s 76-yard attempt is the longest miss in NFL history. For ten points, name this football position that is tasked with scoring field goals.
In this city, Timothy Leary first said “Turn on, tune in, drop out” at the Human Be-In. An anarchist group called the Diggers established Free Stores and Medical Clinics in this city’s neighborhood of (*) Haight-Ashbury. The Mamas & The Papas sang a song celebrating this city as a place where people “Wear Flowers in [Their] Hair” in 1967. For ten points, name this California city where the Summer of Love attracted numerous hippies.
An ion consisting of one atom of this element and four oxygen atoms is commonly added to a sugar molecule to start its breakdown, and three copies of that ion are present in ATP, the “currency” of cellular energy transfer. This element, which commonly exists in (*) red and white forms, is found below nitrogen on the periodic table. For ten points, name this chemical element with atomic number 15 and atomic symbol P.
In a story by these writers, a woman asks her husband to make more and more extravagant wishes from a powerful fish. These writers added an ending to another tale in which a huntsman cuts a (*) grandmother and a girl with a red cap out of the belly of a wolf. For ten points, name these German brothers who collected fables like “Hansel and Gretel” and “Little Red Riding Hood.”
According to legend, Artemis was too busy attending the birth of this ruler to stop her temple in Ephesus from burning down. The battles of Issus and Gaugemela were won by this ruler, who built a causeway to attack the island of Tyre and was (*) tutored by Aristotle. Greece, Persia, and much of India was conquered by, for ten points, what “Great” ruler of Macedon who ruled one of the largest empires in ancient history?
Simeon realized he could die in peace while under the influence of this entity, and after Zechariah named John the Baptist, he predicted the coming of Jesus with the power of this entity. This entity appeared as (*) “tongues of fire” and caused the disciples to speak in strange languages during Pentacost, and descended to Jesus “like a dove” during his baptism. For ten points, name this entity that joins the Father and the Son in the Christian Trinity.
In 2008, the recovered text of this scientist’s lost Palimpsest was published. A machine for filling irrigation ditches is known as this man’s (*) screw, and his namesake principle states that the weight of fluid displaced by a body equals the buoyant force acting on it. For ten points, name this Greek mathematician and inventor who stated the law of the lever and famously shouted “Eureka!”
In an opera by Bartok, Judith opens seven doors in one of these locations owned by Duke Bluebeard. In another opera, Tosca sees the death of Cavaradossi from the (*) parapets of one of these structures. Tannhauser inspired King Ludwig II to build one of these buildings called Neuschwanstein [noysh-van-stein]. For ten points, name this building, a common setting of Lohengrin and other medieval-inspired operas.
The Supreme Court ruled that this amendment applied to state governments in Mapp v. Ohio. This amendment specifically names “houses, papers, and effects” as under its protections. This amendment requires probable cause for a specifically-designated (*) warrant to be issued. For ten points, name this Bill of Rights amendment that protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
The narrator of this story stalks a man for eight nights until he hears a “groan of mortal terror.” This story’s narrator claims that he has an “acuteness of the senses” and sensitivity to an old man’s (*) “vulture eye.” The narrator confesses to three policemen because of the sound of “a watch enveloped in cotton” in, for ten points, what short story by Edgar Allan Poe, whose narrator imagines the beating of the title organ under the floorboards?
At this battle, William II of the Netherlands suffered a bullet wound and was knocked off his horse at a spot now commemorated by the 140-foot-tall Lion’s Mound. The battles of Ligny [lihn-yee] and Quatre Bras [KAHT-rah brah] were fought two days prior to this battle, where (*) Blucher’s [bloo-ker’s] Prussians broke through the right flank. The Seventh Coalition’s victory in this battle doomed the losing general to exile for the second time. For ten points, name this 1815 battle, the final defeat of Napoleon.
By 2030, half of Vietnam’s farmland may be ruined by an intrusion of this substance. Domes of this substance are often drilled to access trapped oil. Halite is the mineral form of this substance, which is found in large amounts in both the (*) Bonneville Flats and Dead Sea. For ten points, name this substance with an average concentration of 3.5% in seawater, whose chemical name is sodium chloride.
The protagonist of this novel secretly reads The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism in a room above Mr Charrington’s shop while on break from the Ministry of Truth. In this novel, dissident citizens of Airstrip One are sent to (*) Room 101 to be tortured with their worst fear. In this novel, Winston Smith meets with Julia and is arrested for thoughtcrime against Big Brother. For ten points, name this dystopian novel, set in the title year, written by George Orwell.
This piece in D-flat major opens with a softly trilled A-flat before a run of eighth notes. This piece, which is in three-four time, was dedicated to Delfina Potocka, a countess whose small dog enjoyed chasing its (*) tail, inspiring this piece. For ten points, name this piano piece by Frederic Chopin [sho-pan], a waltz whose name doesn’t actually mean it should be played in 60 seconds.
A character in this film “never looks back” because it “distracts from the now,” and mocks supermodels. In this film, the password “KRONOS” is used to discover the secret behind the (*) Omnidroid. This film’s villain, Syndrome, is sucked into a jet engine by his cape, a fashion choice that Edna Mode would never have allowed. A sequel was released in 2018 for, for ten points, what 2004 Pixar film about the Parr family, which includes Elastigirl and other “supers?”
The 1670 work Pensees ´pahn-say] argues in favor of this concept with an example involving a wager, noting that betting against this concept has the possibility of infinite loss. Thomas Aquinas offered five arguments in favor of this concept, which (*) Pascal’s Wager argues rational people should accept. For ten points, name this theological position that is opposed by atheists.
In the Mahabharata, this god gives the Pashupatastra arrow to Arjuna, and he appeared in a pillar of flame as Nataraja. This god drank Halahala and cut off his son’s head while trying to reach his wife, (*) Parvati. Ganesha received the head of an elephant from this god, whose consumption of poison turned his throat blue. For ten points, name this three-eyed Hindu destroyer god, a member of the Trimurti along with Brahma and Vishnu.
Improved precision in measuring the position implies worse precision in measuring this quantity, according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Unlike kinetic energy, this quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic (*) collisions. The recoil of a rifle is a demonstration of, for ten points, what physical quantity, equal to mass times velocity, that describes how much impact a moving body can have in a collision?
This country controlled an island that the Teller Amendment guaranteed would not be annexed by the US. A war against this country was supported by William Randolph Hearst, whose “yellow journalism” blamed the sinking of the USS (*) Maine in Cuba on this country. Teddy Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in an 1898 war against, For ten points, what European country that gave the Philippines and Puerto Rico to the US and whose capital is Madrid?
This short story’s protagonist is told to wear “two or three gorgeous roses” to the Ministry of Education ball, but instead she borrows a decoration from Madame (*) Forestier [foh-ress-tee-AY] that she later discovers is worth only a few francs. For ten points, name this short story by Guy de Maupassant [ghee duh moh-pah-SAWN], in which Mathilde Loisel [mah-TEELD lwah-ZELL] struggles for ten years to replace the title fake piece of jewelry.
In many stories, this man told King Vortigern a story about a pair of sleeping dragons under his castle. This man was credited with using advanced machines to move the rocks of Stonehenge to their current place. This man was trapped in a cave by (*) Nimue after living his life backwards, and he served as an advisor to a “once and future King.” For ten points, name this creator of the Round Table, a famous wizard who served King Arthur.
The symmetric group of this many elements is the smallest that is not a solvable group, a result that inspired the Abel-Ruffini theorem. This is the central number of the only 3-by-3 magic square. There are this many (*) Platonic solids, and there are this many complex solutions to a quintic polynomial. The only odd proper factor of ten is, for ten points, what prime number, the number of sides of a pentagon?
This poet described a time when “the great star early droop’d in the western sky” and a coffin passed “through lanes and streets.” This author addressed the poems “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” and “Oh Captain! My Captain!” to (*) Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American poet who wrote “I celebrate myself and sing myself” in “Song of Myself,” and whose poems were collected in Leaves of Grass.
This man’s second wife, Peggy Shippen, helped him work with John Andre, who was hanged after being caught with letters written by this man. A monument of this man’s (*) boot was built at the site of the Battle of Saratoga, where this man’s efforts went unrewarded. For ten points, name this Revolutionary War general who plotted to betray West Point to the British.
Decline at the apex of these constructs can result in mesopredator release. The ten percent rule explains why these pathways rarely have more than five (*) trophic levels. Primary producers form the base of these pathways, whose links are connected by decomposers. For ten points, name these lists of organisms that show the transfer of matter and energy from plants to herbivores to carnivores.
This empire’s capital city was built south of Tlatelolco [t-lah-tell-ohl-koh] on a small island in Lake Texcoco [tesh-koh-koh]. Pedro de Alvarado helped lead an escape from this empire’s capital city during La Noche Triste [lah noh-chay tree-stay] after his men murdered (*) Montezuma II. Hernan Cortez conquered, For ten points, what empire whose ruined capital of Tenochtitlan was built in what is now Mexico City?
In this story, a man pretending to be the brother of Mustafa the Tailor traps Mustafa’s son in a booby-trapped cavern. A princess in this story is fooled into giving away a magical (*) artifact to a sorcerer who is trying to take possession of a magical creature who grants wishes. For ten points, name this story, a late addition to The One Thousand and One Nights, in which the title man rubs a magical lamp to release a djinn.
This river may originate at the usually-dry Trewsbury Mead, or at a location known as Seven Springs, which would make this river its country’s longest, surpassing the (*) Severn. This river, whose name comes from the Celtic for “dark,” is called the Isis where it flows through Oxford. Tower Bridge crosses this river just east of St. Paul’s Cathedral. For ten points, name this English river that flows through London.
This man’s insistence on a static universe led him to call the cosmological constant his “biggest blunder.” The observation of starlight bending during a solar eclipse validated this man’s concept of (*) spacetime. He received the 1921 Nobel for his work on the photoelectric effect, but was refused the prize for formulating his most famous theory. For ten points, name this scientist who modernized cosmology by incorporating gravity into his theory of general relativity.
This woman is the subject of L.H.O.O.Q. [el-osh-oh-oh-koo], a work in which Marcel Duchamp added a moustache to a postcard of this woman. Overcleaning of a painting of this woman is blamed for her missing (*) eyebrows and the transparency of her delicate black veil. For ten points, name this woman, thought to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, who has an enigmatic smile in a painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
Against the wishes of this building’s designer, steel rods were added to its concrete patios for support. This home was originally supposed to face Bear Run, but was instead (*) cantilevered over it, to the displeasure of Edgar Kaufmann. For ten points, name this family home in Southwestern Pennsylvania designed by Frank Lloyd Wright to sit over a small creek.
These mathematical objects are symmetric if they are equal to their transpose. One of these objects is called triangular if it contains all zeroes above or below its main diagonal, in which case multiplying the values along the diagonal will give the (*) determinant. Adding these objects is only possible if they have the same number of rows and columns. For ten points, name these mathematical objects that often look like a rectangular array of numbers.
In this literary work, a man angrily throws apples at his son until one becomes lodged in his back. Three boarders refuse to pay rent in this work after they are interrupted while listening to Grete play her (*) violin. This work’s protagonist wakes up one morning to discover that he suddenly has a segmented belly and many thin legs. For ten points, name this novella about Gregor Samsa’s transformation into an enormous insect-like animal, written by Franz Kafka.
The Battle of Germantown was fought in what is now this city, which was occupied by William Howe after the Battle of Brandywine. This city’s central grid, between the Schuylkill [skool-kel] and Delaware Rivers, hosted both the (*) Constitutional Convention and both Continental Congresses. Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell are found in, For ten points, what largest city in Pennsylvania?
Due to its malleability, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden chose this element for use in an experiment in which radium emitted a beam of alpha particles. The deflection of some of those particles when they struck a (*) thin sample of this element led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus. Ernest Rutherford commonly names an experiment involving a “foil” of, for ten points, what precious metal that is found above silver on the periodic table?
German thinkers in this field like Kurt Koffka promoted a Gestalt approach to it. The “individual” approach to this field of study was pioneered by a man whose studies on siblings led him to coin the term (*) “inferiority complex.” Scientists in this field may use the MBTI questionnaire, which analyzes introversion and extraversion. Alfred Adler and Carl Jung studied, for ten points, what science of the mind, personality, and behavior?
This figure argued with Manwe when he tried to send this figure as the third Istar in a group with Alatar, Pallando, and Curumo, who traveled to Middle Earth as (*) Saruman. This figure used the elven Ring of Fire to defend against Durin’s Bane, a Balrog, while guiding the Fellowship to Mordor. For ten points, name this character created by J.R.R. Tolkien, a wizard who was reborn as “the White.”
This place is within walls that were left unfinished when Svadilfari [svad-ill-far-ee] was drawn away by an Aesir [ay-seer] to prevent losing the sun, moon, and Freya. At (*) Ragnarok, giants led by Loki will destroy this place, one of the nine realms in the branches of Yggdrasil [IGG-dra-seel]. Valhalla is located in, for ten points, what realm of Norse mythology, the home of Odin and Thor?
These things create alternating patterns of shading when passed through a diffraction grating. Thomas Young described sending these things through a paper with a double slit, showing that they also behave like particles. Between 400 and 700 nanometers, this phenomenon is (*) visible to the human eye. Photons are the quantum of, for ten points, what kind of wave that can be split by a prism into various colors?
In the 17th century, hundreds of these people were sent by Louis XIV to settle cities in New France and became known as the filles du roi [fees duhr-wah]. When he was asked why these people made up half of his Cabinet, Justin (*) Trudeau remarked “Because it’s 2015.” Emily Stowe and other Canadian suffragettes campaigned to extend voting rights to, For ten points, what people who, in America, earned the vote thanks to the 19th Amendment?
A band with this name sang about going “From Soho down to Brighton” to play games.The first baseman in a classic Abbott and Costello comedy routine and the rock band behind “Pinball Wizard” have this name, which also describes creatures that live on a (*) speck of dust and are saved by an elephant who declares, “A person’s a person, no matter how small.” For ten points, name this questioning word that also names a frequently-regenerating Doctor in a British sci-fi TV series.
Nationalists spread a rumor that this man spread cholera in Saint Petersburg by importing poisoned Canadian apples. This man was found in the Malaya Nevka after he gained power by apparently stopping the (*) bleeding of the hemophiliac Alexei. For ten points, name this advisor to the Romanov family, a Russian mystic and supposed healer who was poisoned, shot, and thrown into a river in 1916.
The narrator of this story says that he has endured a “thousand injuries” as a justification for his actions. A character in this story is insulted for being unable to distinguish the title drink from sherry. This story’s narrator claims to be a (*) mason while his enemy begs to be released “for the love of God.” Montresor bricks Fortunato into a cellar wall in, for ten points, what Edgar Allan Poe short story titled for an expensive wine?
This river empties into the Atlantic Ocean from Banana after traveling in a counterclockwise arc. The Lualaba and Chambeshi Rivers are two major tributaries of this second-longest river on its (*) continent. The capital cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa are on, for ten points, what African river that shares its name with both those cities’ home countries, a Republic and a Democratic Republic?
Milankovitch cycles predict a forty-one-thousand-year period for these events. The entire Quaternary period is sometimes called a “Great” one of these events, and a “Little” one began in the fourteenth century. The most recent North American stage of these events filled the (*) Great Lakes and submerged the Bering Strait land bridge. For ten points, name these events, in which glaciers advanced to cover much of the Northern Hemisphere.
Priests in this religion play the Priye Ginen to begin important events. Recently-departed souls in this religion travel to Guinee, an afterlife ruled by the tuxedo-wearing Papa Legba. In the (*) Haitian version of this religion, witches legendarily have the power to turn people into zombies. Loas are worshiped in, for ten points, what religion that originated in Africa, and that does not focus on stabbing dolls with needles?
This leader of the 1874 Black Hills Expedition graduated last in his class at West Point with an amazing 726 demerits in four years. This man was the losing commander at a battle also known as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, where (*) Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull led a rout of his 7th Cavalry. For ten points, name this US Army officer who died in 1876 at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as this man’s Last Stand.
In a story by this author, Elias Openshaw is found dead in a garden pool shortly after receiving a letter inscribed with the letters “KKK” and containing the title “Five Orange Pips.” A character created by this author idolizes (*) Irene Adler in “A Scandal in Bohemia” and lives at 221B Baker Street. Doctor John Watson narrates many works by, for ten points, what author who created Sherlock Holmes?
A Handel concerto for this instrument is called “The Harmonious Blacksmith.” Domenico Scarlatti wrote most of his 555 sonatas for this instrument, a relative of the spinet and virginal. Because this instrument’s strings are (*) plucked, it has no dynamic range, inspiring the need for another, ultimately more popular instrument. For ten points, name this Baroque and Classical keyboard instrument, the predecessor to the piano.
The red dye Prontosil was the first successful “sulfa” type of these compounds, many of which contain a four-membered beta-lactam ring. One of these drugs that disrupts Gram-positive cell walls was discovered accidentally by (*) Alexander Fleming in mold. Overuse of these drugs has led to the rise of MRSA. For ten points, tetracycline and penicillin are what type of medication that treats bacterial infections?
A choral piece by this composer has been played at every English coronation since 1727. This composer wrote a piece with sections such as La Paix [lah pay] to celebrate the (*) Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle [ayx lah shah-pell]. Another of this man’s works was premiered for King George I on the Thames River. For ten points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music, as well as Messiah.
An author from this country wrote a short story that gives conflicting perspectives on a murder, titled “In a Grove.” This country was the home of the author of “Confessions of a Mask,” who committed (*) seppuku during an attempted coup, and of the short story author Ryunosuke Akutagawa [ree-oo-noh-soo-kay ah-koo-tah-gah-wah]. For ten points, name this home country of Yukio Mishima [yoo-kee-oh mee-shee-mah].
The final member of a species from this location, Lonesome George, died in 2012. The most northerly species of penguin is found in this location, as are blue-footed boobies and marine iguanas. This region’s variety of food sources produce (*) beaks that specialize in insect-catching and seed-crushing in its native birds. For ten points, name this equatorial location where Charles Darwin observed finches, leading to the theory of natural selection.
After fighting back a Spanish army, this man was declared the Hero of Tampico. This man formed the Plan of Casa Mata with Guadalupe Victoria to overthrow Agustin Iturbide [ee-toor-bih-day]. This man was exiled to Staten Island, and his (*) wooden leg was paraded around the US. The Gadsden Purchase was given to America by, for ten points, what Mexican president who led the attack on the Alamo?
Members of this religion honor children at ages three, five, and seven on a November 15th holiday that includes handing out “thousand year” candy. “Shrine maidens” in this religion wear a red and white outfit and are called (*) miko [mee-koh]. This religion’s Ise [ee-say] temple complex is rebuilt every twenty years and may house its country’s Sacred Mirror. Amaterasu [ah-mah-tay-rah-soo] is one of the kami [kah-mee] worshiped in, for ten points, what traditional Japanese religion?
Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech opens with a reference to this policy, which had been signed “five score years ago.” This policy said a class of people should “labor faithfully for reasonable wages.” Although this policy was announced five days after the (*) Battle of Antietam, it did not take effect until January 1, 1863. Only rebellious territory was affected by, for ten points, what act by President Lincoln that freed American slaves?
The first enemy in this game can enter “Cruise Elroy” mode, in which he speeds up and refuses to “scatter.” This game’s maximum score of 3,333,360 can only be reached after the computer fails to draw dozens of keys in the level counter, instead overwriting the (*) right half of the map with an impassable “kill screen.” Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde are ghosts that chase the player in, for ten points, what classic arcade game in which pellets are eaten by a yellow circle?
This novel’s protagonist is kidnapped by Sale pirates and, after escaping from slavery, sells his friend Xury as a slave. In this novel, a sailor living near the Orinoco River on the “Island of Despair” rescues a man from a group of (*) cannibals, converts him to Christianity, and names him Friday. For ten points, name this novel about a man who spends twenty-eight years on an island after being shipwrecked, written by Daniel Defoe.
Aristarchos of Samos is the first known proponent of this idea, which had early success explaining apparent retrograde motion. This idea opposed the longstanding Ptolemaic model [TOH-lah-may-ick model], and was improved by the discovery of (*) elliptical orbits. Because he defended this theory, Galileo was tried by the Inquisition. For ten points, name this theory of Copernicus that says the planets travel around a nearby star rather than around the Earth.
This mountain range lies above the world’s largest rail tunnel, the Gotthard tunnel, which opened in 2016. This range’s Julian subrange reaches into Slovenia. The Saint Bernard Pass cuts through this mountain range in a ridge between Monte (*) Rosa and Mont Blanc, its two highest peaks. The Matterhorn is in, for ten points, what European mountain range that is primarily in France, Italy, and Switzerland?
This country was led by the “Lion of Midnight” in its victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld. This country, which fought on the Protestant side in the Thirty Years’ War, was crushed at Poltava by Russia to lose the (*) Great Northern War. Gustavus Adolphus was a general for this country, whose King Charles XII [12] invaded Norway in 1716. For ten points, name this Scandinavian country whose king still reigns from Stockholm.
A scientist from this country discovered the neutron and headed this country’s phase of the Manhattan Project, code-named Tube Alloys. Both the Crookes radiometer and Newcomen (*) steam engine were invented in this country, where the law of the spring was stated by Robert Hooke, a curator of its Royal Society. For ten points, name this country where Sir Isaac Newton wrote the law of gravity.
This artist depicted a white skyscraper between two black skyscrapers in City Night and painted a nighttime view of the Radiator Building. This artist’s massive mural Sky Above Clouds was created at Ghost Ranch in New Mexico. (*) Morning glories and jack-in-the-pulpits are among the common subjects painted by, for ten points, what American artist, known for her close-up paintings of flowers?
When performing this operation on an integer with n digits, the result will have either 2n digits or 2n minus 1 digits. When an integer has this operation done to it, its one digit cannot be 2, 3, 7, or 8. Negative numbers (*) cannot be the result when this operation is done to a real number, but doing this to i gives negative 1. For ten points, name this operation that is written using an exponent of 2.
Three years after this Supreme Court case was decided, Henry Hyde sponsored an amendment restricting federal funding of its subject. Sarah Weddington represented the plaintiff in this case, who used an alias to avoid publicity. The (*) balancing test in question in this case between governmental interests and a right to privacy was decided using a three-trimester framework. For ten points, name this landmark Supreme Court case that legalized abortion.
In a novel by this author, Shreve listens to a story about the life of Thomas Sutpen. This man’s novel Absalom Absalom! is partly narrated by a Harvard student named (*) Quentin Compson, who commits suicide in another novel by this man. Addie Bundren’s body is carried to Jefferson, Mississippi in another novel by this author. For ten points, name this American author of As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury.
The KAAP version of this process uses a ruthenium catalyst. A blockade on sodium nitrate imports during World War I forced Germany to develop this process, which operates under conditions in excess of 400 degrees Celsius and 200 atmospheres. Most of the world’s synthetic (*) fertilizer is made via, for ten points, what industrial process that combines hydrogen and nitrogen gases to make ammonia?
This philosopher described love, hatred, and four other basic passions in his Passions of the Soul. This 17th-century thinker developed analytic geometry, which uses formulas, coordinates, and computations to study geometry, especially in the (*) coordinate plane named for him. For ten points, name this French mathematician and philosopher whose Discourse on the Method includes the statement “I think, therefore I am.”
This man hid in the court of Lycomedes, where he became the father of Neoptolemus. This man killed Penthesilea during a truce with Priam to allow for a funeral. After his death, the remains of this warrior were mixed with those of (*) Patroclus. This man’s mother, Thetis, dipped him in the river Styx, which made most of his body invulnerable. Paris killed, for ten points, what enemy of Hector, a Greek warrior with a weak heel?
A journal in this novel concerns the Demeter, a ship whose crew is hunted by a wolf-like creature. Arthur Holmwood, John Seward, and Quincey Morris provide transfusions to Lucy (*) Westenra in this novel, and a sacrament wafer burns Mina Murray after she is bitten by the title character. Jonathan Harker recruits Van Helsing to help him defeat the title character in, for ten points, what Bram Stoker Gothic novel about a vampire?
In this novel, a locket with a portrait of Caroline Beaufort is used as evidence to convict Justine Moritz of William’s murder. A man in this novel is imprisoned in Ireland on suspicion of killing his friend Henry (*) Clerval, and mourns the death of his adopted sister, Elizabeth Lavenza, on her wedding night. The protagonist becomes a “Modern Prometheus” by animating non-living matter in, for ten points, what novel about a doctor who creates a humanoid monster, written by Mary Shelley?
A high level of JH blocks this process in insects, and unlike most chordates, sea squirts undergo this process to become sessile. Instars lead to imago in this process that includes nymph stages in the “incomplete” type. A (*) shift from bilateral to radial symmetry in starfish results from this process, which causes the disappearance of gills in tadpoles. For ten points, name this transformation process by which a juvenile caterpillar turns into an adult butterfly.
At the Battle of Monterrey, this man rode on the side of his horse to deliver orders while avoiding being shot. After this general ordered the assault on Fort Donelson, he demanded “unconditional and immediate (*) surrender,” earning a nickname. This general was given the Army of the Potomac in March 1864. For ten points, name this Union general who, at Appomattox Court House, received Robert E. Lee’s surrender and later became President.
In this novel, Major Imbu discusses the murder of Stilson while Bonzo’s body is being transported back to Spain. Two siblings in this novel adopt the screen names Demosthenes and Locke to gain political influence, and one of them becomes the (*) Hegemon of Earth. At the end of this novel, the title character meets Mazer Rackham and wins the Bug War. For ten points, name this novel about a young title military genius, written by Orson Scott Card.
The smaller the color index of a star, the greater will be this quantity, which can also be determined from peak emission wavelength using Wien’s law. Either spectral class or this quantity is plotted on the horizontal axis of the (*) H-R diagram. Sunspots appear dark because of a lower value for this than the surrounding surface. Axial tilt gives planets a seasonal change in this quantity, which averages just 2.7 kelvins in interstellar space. For ten points, identify this quantity that must reach 15 million degrees Celsius to begin fusion at a star’s core.
Priscus of Panium described how this ruler ate on a wooden plate at an otherwise lavish feast. This ruler launched an invasion of Gaul after Honoria sent him a ring, but it was put down on the Catalaunian Plains by Flavius Aetius. A year after this man lost the Battle of (*) Chalons [sha-lone], Pope Leo I convinced this man to spare his city. According to legend, this man died of a nosebleed. Rome was nearly sacked by, for ten points, what 5th century ruler of the Huns?
This city built the World Peace Gate for the 1988 Summer Olympics, which was the second time they’d been hosted in Asia. This city’s Banpo Bridge is home to the Moonlight Rainbow fountain, which fires colorful water into the Han River. The Joseon Dynasty constructed Five Great Palaces in this city, including the massive (*) Gyeongbokgung. The extremely affluent Gangnam district is located in, for ten points, what headquarters of Samsung, the capital city of South Korea?
In 1958, this country’s army was deployed to Jordan, but instead stopped in the capital and deposed this country’s second king named Faisal. A “shock and awe” attack was used to begin a 2003 (*) invasion of this country that led to its dictator being pulled out of a “spider hole.” This country and Syria are the two named home countries of ISIS. For ten points, name this country that was occupied by the United States after the fall of Baghdad.
Along with the daughter of King Pastoria, this character is kidnapped by Queen Coo-ee-oh. This friend of Princess Ozma travels with Nick Chopper, a woodcutter cursed to hack off his own limbs and replace them with tin parts. This character’s (*) silver shoes are coveted by the Wicked Witch of the West, who tries to prevent this character from returning to Uncle Henry and Auntie Em with her dog, Toto. For ten points, name this young girl who is transported from Kansas to a magical land in L. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
This property is strongly associated with coordination compounds of transition metals. Rhodium and chlorine are named for examples of this property, and helium was first recognized by a new (*) spectroscopic line with this property. The endpoint of a titration is usually marked by a change in this property that is used to distinguish elements in a flame test. Iron pyrite is often mistaken for gold because of, for ten points, what property that may appear as orange or purple?
The prediction of W and Z bosons in the 1960s was a major breakthrough on the path to a “Theory of Everything.” Answer these questions about unified field theory, for ten points each. W and Z particles mediate this fundamental force responsible for beta decay. The physicists Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam successfully unified this force with electromagnetism.
Most attempts at a unified theory fail because of this force, which Newton used to explain the motion of planets around the Sun. In relativity, this force is a distortion in spacetime around an object.
The observed decay of these positively-charged particles would be good evidence for several unified theories, but experiments suggest it may take 10 35years [ten to the thirty-fifth years] to occur.
This leader had his uncle executed for treason in 2013 and likely ordered the assassination of his half-brother in early 2017. For ten points each, Name this leader who met with Donald Trump to discuss denuclearization at a 2018 summit in Singapore.
Kim Jong-un is the Supreme Leader of the northern, communist half of this peninsula. The southern, democratic half of this peninsula is led by President Moon Jae-in [jay-inn].
After the Korean War, one of these areas was established along the thirty-eighth parallel, the border between North and South Korea. Despite its name, both sides of this area are heavily guarded by soldiers.
In Sergei Prokofiev’s Peter and the Wolf, specific instruments and instrument sections represent each character in the story. Answer the following about the instrumentation of Peter and the Wolf, for ten points each. Peter himself is represented by this section of the orchestra, which includes the violins, violas, and cellos.
The wolf is represented by these brass instruments. Players balance these coiled instruments by putting a hand in the bell.
The Grandfather is represented by this instrument, which plays an unusually high-pitched solo at the beginning of Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring.
A 2020 HBO series titled [this man] Country starred Michael K. Williams in his final TV role. For ten points each, Name this racist horror and speculative fiction author who created horrifically unimaginable, impossibly ancient gods called the “Great Old Ones,” including Yog-Sothoth, in the magazine Weird Tales.
Perhaps the most famous of H.P. Lovecraft’s “Great Old Ones” is this underwater creature, who is often depicted with enormous wings and a face full of tentacles.
Lovecraft Country’s producers included this longtime collaborator of Keegan-Michael Key. This man’s directorial debut was the 2017 horror smash hit Get Out.
This poem’s title figure sails between Scylla and Charybdis, and tricks the cyclops Polyphemus by pretending to be named “Nobody.” For ten points each, Name this epic poem attributed to Homer. A Greek hero has a ten-year journey home to Ithaca in this poem.
Seven of the ten years of Odysseus’s journey home are spent on the island of this nymph, the daughter of Helios.
Despite his long stay with Calypso, Odysseus eventually manages to return to this woman, his wife. Odysseus prevents this woman from having to marry one of her obnoxious suitors, who wish to replace Odysseus.
This political activist publicly derided a “Covenant with Death” made by the American people in his Boston- based newspaper. For ten points each, Name this Massachusetts publisher who declared “I will not retreat a single inch–AND I WILL BE HEARD” in the first issue of The Liberator.
William Lloyd Garrison used The Liberator to champion this political cause, and had a falling out with Frederick Douglass over how to achieve this goal.
emancipating slaves; accept descriptions of abolishing slavery or freeing American slaves) Garrison publicly burned a copy of this document in 1854. He called this document a “Covenant with Death” and an “Agreement with Hell” for failing to outlaw slavery in its Bill of Rights or any of its amendments.
Answer the following about prayer in Abrahamic religions, for ten points each. Members of this faith are encouraged to engage in five daily personal prayers, which should be performed facing the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba, whenever possible.
In Catholicism, prayers are often performed with the help of this beaded object, which is separated into decades representing holy Mysteries.
This Abrahamic religion’s three Obligatory Prayers were revealed by Baha’u’llah, who founded this religion in the 1800s.
Prior to this controversy-plagued event, fifty-five percent of polled citizens believed it was unsafe to host it due to COVID, which spiked to over one hundred thousand daily cases for the first time during and after this event. For ten points each, Name this international sporting competition that, after a one-year delay, ran in wards like Shibuya and Shinjuku.
32nd Olympiad; accept “2021” instead of “2020” in any previous answer; prompt on answers like “Olympics” or “Summer Olympics” that do not mention “2020,” “2021,” “Tokyo,” or “32”) Despite confirmations of widespread, state-sponsored athletic doping, the athletes from a particular country were controversially allowed to compete at the Tokyo Olympics, although they were forced to use a modified flag and this acronym as their team name.
the full name to compete because it included the word “Russia.”) On top of all of their other controversies, the Tokyo Olympics experienced one of the most intense heat waves ever to hit the Summer Olympics. As a result, some events were moved to this city on Hokkaido, which also hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics.
During a seventy-year period called the Maunder Minimum, very few dark fluctuations were observed on this astronomical object. For ten points each, Name this astronomical object that can experience namesake “spots,” dark regions on its surface caused by magnetic activity.
Sunspots are still very bright; they only look dark compared to this layer, the “visible” surface of the sun, where energy is released as light.
This other phenomenon can make parts of the sun appear dark. In these events, a syzygy, or the lining-up of three astronomical objects, causes the moon to block out the Earth’s view of the sun.
The last ruler with this title was overthrown by the Bolsheviks. For ten points each, Give this title for rulers of Russia prior to the October Revolution. The last man to hold this title was Nicholas II [second], who was executed along with his family.
This youngest daughter of Nicholas II was rumored to have survived the royal family’s execution. Many women impersonated this girl in attempts to claim her fortune.
This mystic and advisor to Nicholas II avoided being executed along with the imperial family because he had already been poisoned, stabbed, shot, and drowned.
When this literary character uses a brass knob from a fire grate to propose, he is rejected because his love interest is angry that he has already been engaged to Amy Lawrence. For ten points each, Name this fictional boy from Missouri who, in an adventure novel named for him, finds Injun Joe’s treasure hidden in McDougal’s Cave.
Sawyer) Tom Sawyer’s proposal is rejected by this girl, the daughter of a local judge. Later in the novel, she and Tom get lost together in McDougal’s Cave.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is by this American author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Answer the following about the mythical daughter of Priam and Hecuba, for ten points each. This princess in Greek mythology had the gift of being able to see the future, but was cursed so that people would never believe her prophecies.
Cassandra received the ability to see the future from this Greek god of light and prophecy, who was the twin brother of Artemis. He cursed her after she turned down his romantic advances.
Cassandra was a princess from this city. She foresaw its fall to Agamemnon’s Greek army.
On the Allred-Rochow scale, elements in this group have electro-negativities between 1.8 and 2.2. For ten points each, Name this group of roughly six elements that includes boron, arsenic, and germanium. This group’s name reflects that its properties are between those of elements like gold and oxygen.
The semiconductor industry relies heavily on germanium and this element with symbol Si to build components like transistors and microchips.
When the metalloid antimony is blended with tin, the result is this alloy, traditionally used to make dishes, pitchers, and beer tankards.
In a novel by this author, Abel Magwitch is deported to Australia for fighting in prison, although the man he fought is given a lighter punishment because of his well-bred manner. For ten points each, Name this English author who highlighted Victorian social inequality in works like David Copperfield and A Christmas Carol.
Abel Magwitch appears in this Charles Dickens novel, in which he makes a fortune in Australia and uses it to help the young orphan Pip become a gentleman and befriend Magwitch’s estranged daughter, Estella.
In Great Expectations, Estella is raised not by her father, but by Miss Havisham, who tries to mold Estella into a cruel heartbreaker. Miss Havisham wears a tattered dress and keeps the clocks in her house stopped at twenty minutes to nine to remind herself of this event, during which she was left at the altar.
Introductory algebra classes often focus on the factoring of these expressions, such as “x squared minus four x plus four.” For ten points each, Give this term for an expression that includes coefficients and variables that are combined by addition and multiplication.
Polynomials can be classified based on their number of terms; for example, “two x” is a monomial, and “two x plus two” is one of these.
Polynomials can also be classified by this quantity, the largest exponent on any of its terms. For example, for “x to the one-hundredth power, minus three x cubed, plus one,” this quantity is one hundred.
Give the following about Interstate 10 in the American southeast, for ten points each. I-10’s eastern terminus is this massive metropolis, found on the St. John’s River in Duval County in northeast Florida.
After leaving Florida, I-10 intersects I-65 in this Alabama city on a namesake bay. This city’s Mardi Gras celebrations are the oldest in the US, predating New Orleans.
Continuing west from Alabama, I-10 passes through Biloxi in this state before reaching New Orleans in Louisiana.
In a speech to Protestant ministers in Houston, this man remarked “I am not the Catholic candidate for president. I am the Democratic Party’s candidate for president, who happens also to be a Catholic.” For ten points each, Name this politician who became the first Catholic American president when he defeated Richard Nixon in 1960.
In 1960, the Kennedy campaign was particularly worried about anti-Catholic sentiment in the South, so they selected this Texan protestant as Kennedy’s running mate.
Nixon supporters worried that this mayor of Chicago had committed voter fraud to push Illinois in Kennedy’s favor, but Nixon refused to challenge the election results.
The increasing frequency of dark-colored moths in nineteenth-century England that coincided with the spread of pollution from factories can be considered a directional example of this process. For ten points each, Name this mechanism of evolution in which individuals with favorable traits for an environment survive longer and pass those traits to their offspring.
Unlike “directional” selection, this type of natural selection favors two extreme phenotypes. This type of selection explains why finches on Santa Cruz island have either small or large beaks, with very few having medium-sized beaks.
In some African countries like Mozambique, this trait has increased in elephant populations from five to thirty-five percent in two generations. Pressure from poachers has created a directional selection for this trait, especially in female elephants.
This country is home to the playwright of The Glass Menagerie and The Rose Tattoo. For ten points each, Name this country, which is also the home country of playwright Eugene O’Neill, who set the play Long Day’s Journey Into Night in Connecticut.
The Glass Menagerie and The Rose Tattoo are by this American playwright, who set many of his works in the American South.
In this Tennessee Williams play set in New Orleans, Blanche DuBois loses her family’s home, Belle Reve [bell rehv], and moves into an apartment with her sister and brother-in-law, Stella and Stanley Kowalski.
This artist frequently used his wife, Jo, as a model for paintings of women in city settings. For ten points each, Name this American painter of Automat and Chop Suey.
In this often-parodied painting by Edward Hopper, two men and a woman in a red dress sit at a brightly-lit lunch counter on a dramatically dark street.
Hopper’s paintings frequently emphasize the crowds and isolation of this American city. Hopper died in Manhattan, a borough of this east coast city.
This function is the “CAH” [kah] portion of the popular mnemonic “SOHCAHTOA” [soh-kah-toh-ah]. For ten points each, Name this function whose input values are typically angles; for example, this function of zero degrees is one.
Sine and cosine are two elementary functions of this branch of mathematics, which studies the relationships between the angles and side lengths of triangles.
This trigonometric function is the reciprocal of the cosine function.
Humus [HYOO-muss], a dark organic matter made of the decomposed remains of dead plants and animals, forms much of the top layer of this substance. For ten points each, Name this substance made of organic matter and sand, silt, or clay, in which plants can grow.
By one estimate, each gram of soil contains one million organisms from this kingdom, which does much of the work of decomposition. This kingdom includes mold and yeast.
In the tundra and taiga biomes, the most abundant animal life in the soil is worms from this phylum that includes the model organism C. elegans.
Following this man’s death, hundreds of Spaniards died trying to flee during La Noche Triste [noh-chay tris-tay]. For ten points each, Name this leader who was allegedly stoned to death by his own people after being taken hostage by conquistadors.
This Spaniard led the conquistadors who captured Montezuma.
Montezuma II was a leader of this Mesoamerican empire, which was based in modern-day Mexico and conquered by the Spanish after the fall of their capital, Tenochtitlan [tay-nohch-teet-lahn].
Answer the following about English author Virginia Woolf, for ten points each. Virginia Woolf is the author of Orlando, which narrates the life of a three-hundred-year-old person who grows from a boy in the 1600s to a woman in the 1900s. Woolf described Orlando as a “fictional” work in this non-fiction genre, which describes a person’s life.
In her essay “A Room of One’s Own,” Woolf contrasts the tragic life of a fictional Elizabethan writer named Judith with that of her “brother,” this real-life author of Twelfth Night and A Midsummer Night’s Dream.
This novel by Virginia Woolf follows the Ramsey family on vacation before and after the first World War. At the end of this novel, the surviving family members complete the title journey.
This author justified revolution in Rights of Man, and declared “these are the times that try men’s souls.” For ten points each, Name this early American pamphleteer who attempted to inspire rebelling colonists during the American Revolution with his pamphlet series “The American Crisis.”
Thomas Paine argued that it was absurd for a continent to be ruled by an island in this pamphlet, which advocated for the separation of the American colonies from Britain.
Common Sense was published in this year, the same year that the United States declared independence.
Answer the following about the work of Artemisia Gentileschi, the Italian painter of a Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, for ten points each. Artemisia painted Judith and her maidservant killing the general Holofernes in this way. She also painted the princess Salome holding the evidence of John the Baptist’s execution, which was carried out in this manner.
on answers describing “using a knife;” prompt on “amputation”) Artemisia used this color for the dresses of Judith and Salome to highlight her main characters. Her namesake tone of this color mimics the rich color of a precious metal.
Artemisia worked during this seventeenth- and eighteenth-century artistic period that followed the Renaissance and preceded Rococo. Art in this period commonly had ornate and dramatic themes and lush textures.
This god was the son of Geb and Nut, and was the brother of Nephthys and Set. For ten points each, Name this green-skinned, Egyptian god of the dead who became the lord of the underworld when he was brought back to life after Set killed him.
Osiris’s son was this falcon-headed Egyptian god of justice and power. This god avenged his father’s murder by killing his uncle, Set.
Osiris’s daughter-in-law was this wife of Horus and the goddess of love and fertility. She was depicted with a headdress resembling two cow horns flanking a Sun disk.
Above eight thousand meters, this layer is called the “death zone” because its effective oxygen percentage is just eight percent, compared to twenty-one percent at sea level. For ten points each, Name this lowest region of Earth’s atmosphere, where all weather occurs.
The troposphere over large urban areas like Los Angeles and Mexico City tends to trap this visible, toxic form of air pollution that consists of nitrogen and sulfur oxides.
Urban air tends to trap smog close to the ground because of an inversion of this quantity, which normally decreases with altitude toward the top of the troposphere, where it can drop below negative fifty Celsius.
In this novel’s sequel, Go Set a Watchman, Scout sees her father attend a pro-segregation council meeting in the same courthouse where he once defended an unfairly accused Black man. For ten points each, Name this Harper Lee novel that follows Scout and Atticus Finch through the trial of Tom Robinson in the predominantly racist town of Maycomb, Alabama.
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and her friends spread rumors that this character eats bats because they never see him leave his house. She later changes her opinion about this character when he saves her and Jem from Bob Ewell after a Halloween pageant.
Scout attends church with this character, the Finch family’s cook and a mother figure to Scout.
Answer the following about films directed by Ridley Scott, for ten points each. In this 2021 Ridley Scott film, set in medieval France, Adam Driver and Matt Damon prepare for the final officially-sanctioned instance of trial by combat in French history.
In this Ridley Scott film, Ripley is the sole survivor of the Nostromo, the rest of the crew having been killed by a monster that bursts out of the chest of a crew member.
The “Tears in Rain” speech is given in this Ridley Scott film, in which the bounty hunter Deckard hunts down rogue cyborgs who are looking to extend their lifespans. Harrison Ford starred in this film and appears in its 2017 sequel, set in the year 2049.
Name some ballets by Pyotr Illych Tchaikovsky, for ten points each. In this ballet, Odette and Prince Siegfried kill themselves to escape a curse placed by the evil sorcerer Rothbart, who transforms Odette into the title bird.
The heroine of this Christmastime ballet is usually called Marie or Clara. She defeats the evil Mouse King by hitting him on the head with her slipper, and meets the Sugar Plum Fairy in a magical land of sweets in this ballet.
Marius Petipa choreographed Tchaikovsky’s version of this story, in which the Lilac Fairy weakens a curse placed on Aurora by the evil fairy Carabosse.
In Basile’s version of this story, Zezolla is helped by a fairy living in a fig tree. In the German version, Aschenputtel is helped by a bird who lives in a tree planted on her mother’s grave. For ten points each, Name this folk tale in which the title girl is forced to be a servant in her family’s house, but marries a prince after her fairy godmother gives her a pair of glass slippers.
A German version of “Cinderella” appears in the Children’s and Household Tales collected by these folk-tale- obsessed brothers.
In addition to studying fairy tales and German mythology, Jacob Grimm worked in this field of study; he is the namesake of Grimm’s Law, a rule that describes a shift between Proto-Indo-European and German.
The Dalai Lama has repeatedly undergone this process, through which he has chosen a new body after death fourteen times. For ten points each, Name this cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that is common in Indian religions.
prompt on “rebirth” before it is read by asking “what process is rebirth a part of?”) A being’s status and species following reincarnation are determined by their positive and negative actions in life, which are collectively known by this term, meaning “deeds.”
This Indian religion’s texts say that a person will be reincarnated into one of four realms of existence, called gatis. Followers of this religion practice ahimsa, or extreme non-violence.
Give the following about the particularly small town of Monowi, for ten points each. Monowi is in this state, which is the only US state whose state government is unicameral. This state’s legislature meets in the capital of Lincoln.
Elsie Eiler is the mayor and only resident of Monowi, but data collected in 2020 by this governmental procedure claimed that Monowi’s population was actually two. Article One of the Constitution requires that this process take place every ten years.
The Census’ official policy is to occasionally shift respondents between nearby census blocks to preserve privacy in low population areas. So, while Monowi’s block is inaccurate, the data is still accurate at the level of these geographic divisions. These 435 divisions are redrawn - and possibly gerrymandered - after every census.
Along with a flame test, elements in solution can be identified using qualitative analysis. Answer these questions about the process, for ten points each. Much of qualitative analysis depends on this kind of reaction in which two ions combine to form a solid that sinks to the bottom of a test tube.
Lead [led], silver, and mercury can be identified quickly because they precipitate with this anion found in table salt.
Because it behaves so much like iron, this metal is difficult to identify in solution, requiring eight steps to form a rose red precipitate. This element has chemical symbol Ni [N-I].
In this novel, little Antanas drowns in a puddle, and a teenager named Stanislovas is eaten by rats in a factory. For ten points each, Name this novel about Lithuanian immigrant Jurgus Rudkis [YUR-gus RUD-kus], whose publication inspired the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act with its depiction of the meatpacking industry.
The Jungle describes the extreme poverty of meatpackers in this American city on Lake Michigan. A Carl Sandburg poem about this Illinois city describes it as the “Hog Butcher for the world.”
This muck-raking author of The Brass Check intended The Jungle to inspire reform of working conditions in the meatpacking industry.
This organization’s COINTELPRO, or Counter Intelligence Program, carried out illegal surveillance of “subversives” like anti-war activists, feminists, environmentalists, and civil rights activists from 1956 to 1971. For ten points each, Name this government agency, tasked with domestic security and law enforcement, that largely ignored white supremacist terror in the 1950s and 60s.
This longest-serving director of the FBI ordered much of COINTELPRO’s activities. When Martin Luther King criticized the FBI for ignoring white terror, this man responded by calling King the “most notorious liar” in America.
As Attorney General under his brother John, this man personally authorized some of the FBI’s requests, including wiretapping phones to spy on Martin Luther King.
Give the following about rivers of the American west, for ten points each. This river forms the Mexican-American border for over eight hundred miles in Texas.
Hydroelectric dams on this river are a source of environmental controversy, since they make breeding difficult for its massive salmon population. This river flows through Hells Canyon on the border between Idaho and Oregon.
An intermittent river of this name runs mostly underground for one hundred miles in southern California. This river flows under, and shares its name with, the hottest desert in America.
A boat’s outboard motor in water produces this type of motion, which is contrasted with laminar flow. For ten points each, Name this type of fluid movement in which particles experience unpredictable changes in velocity and pressure. Airplanes experience this phenomenon at the boundaries of air masses moving at different speeds.
The transition from laminar to turbulent flow can be predicted using this dimensionless number named for a British physicist. For a circular water pipe, turbulence occurs when this number is greater than four thousand.
The dimples on this type of ball increase its Reynolds number to about fifty thousand, greatly reducing air resistance and increasing distance when it is struck with a club such as a three-iron.
Tsar Nicholas II and this man sent each other a series of ten telegrams in summer 1914 as their countries teetered on the brink of war. For ten points each, Nicholas II corresponded with this man, his cousin and the last Kaiser of Germany.
The “Willy-Nicky” telegrams discussed each one’s fears that the other country was beginning this process of readying troops and supplies for war. This process was seen as an act of war, even though “Willy” and “Nicky” tried to convince each other it was not.
Wilhelm II and Nicholas II were related through - among many, many other royals - this English queen who was known as the “Grandmother of Europe.” This woman’s record as longest-serving British monarch was broken by Elizabeth II.
A modified type of this structure called a tableau [tab-low] is used in the simplex method for linear programming. For ten points each, Name these mathematical objects that organize values into rows and columns.
If you multiply matrix A times matrix B, you may or may not get the same answer as when you multiply B times A. Thus, matrix multiplication does not have this property.
Multiplying a matrix by this specific type of matrix will always be commutative because multiplying by this matrix does not change the original matrix. In the same way, multiplying any real number by the number one will return the original number because one is a “multiplicative” one of these.
In 1912, the Royal Albert Hall hosted an enormous benefit concert for the families of the musicians who played during a maritime tragedy. Answer the following about the concert, for ten points each. The concert memorialized the band of this “unsinkable” White Star Line ship, which sank while sailing from England to America in 1912.
The concert included a performance of this composer’s Funeral March. This Polish composer also wrote the Revolutionary Etude and the Minute Waltz.
This British composer conducted part of the concert, which included a performance of this man’s Enigma Variations.
One of these objects is at the center of astronomical object 3C 273, which is the most distant object visible through a backyard telescope because it is brighter than all stars in its surrounding galaxy combined. For ten points each, Name these astronomical objects that are so dense that not even light can escape from their event horizons.
3C 273 is one of these objects, the most luminous type of object in the universe. These objects are composed of an active galactic nucleus powered by a supermassive black hole.
Radio astronomer Maarten Schmidt confirmed the vast distance between quasars and Earth by measuring the high degree of this shift, an example of the Doppler effect.
A modern country named for this empire has its capital at Bamako. For ten points each, Name this north African empire ruled by Sundiata Keita and Mansa Musa.
The Mali Empire was rich in gold and this mined, mineral resource that is essential for human life, and that is the most common food seasoning.
Mali traded salt and gold over this hot desert in northern Africa.
This literary character travels through India, Hong Kong, and the United States, but is described as “one of those English gentlemen who are wont to see foreign countries through the eyes of their domestics.” For ten points each, Name this fictional adventurer who lets his French servant, Passepartout [pas-par-too], do most of the legwork as they circumnavigate the globe as quickly as possible.
Phileas Fogg was created by this French author of adventure novels like Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
Phileas Fogg is the protagonist of this Jules Verne novel, in which he wins a bet against London’s Reform Club by completing the title achievement.
Answer these questions about Odin’s quest for knowledge, for ten points each. Odin traded one of these body parts to be able to drink magical water that would give him wisdom.
Odin gave his eye to this god so that he could drink the water of wisdom. After this god was decapitated, Odin magically kept his head alive as a source of advice.
Seeking even more wisdom, Odin hung himself from the world-tree Yggdrasil [IGG-drah-zil] with his spear to gain knowledge of these symbols, which were used for writing and fortune telling.
You’ve decided to buy a DNA testing kit and get your genealogical profile. Answer these questions about the process, for ten points each. Before the company can sequence the DNA in your saliva sample, this process is used to amplify the DNA. This process uses a thermal cycler and Taq [tack] polymerase enzyme.
The company can trace your matrilineal ancestry using DNA from your mitochondria. If you are male, your father’s line can be traced using this chromosome.
Since 2012, companies can look for variants in genes like SPAG17 and TTF1 to determine what percentage of your DNA was inherited from this other humanoid species that went extinct about forty thousand years ago.
This American poet’s works, such as “I’m Nobody! Who are you?” usually lack official titles, and are instead known by their first lines. For ten points each, Name this reclusive poet, nicknamed the “Belle of Amhurst,” who wrote “I felt a funeral in my brain” and “A narrow Fellow in the Grass.”
The first lines of one Emily Dickinson poem say, “Because I could not stop for [this thing] - / He kindly stopped for me.” The poem describes a carriage ride to a grave with this concept and “Immortality.”
In another poem by Dickinson, this animal’s “Blue - uncertain stumbling Buzz” breaks up “the Stillness in the Room.” The title and first line of the poem says, “I heard [this animal] buzz - when I died.”
Answer the following about the landmark interstate commerce case Gibbons v. Ogden, for ten points each. The monopoly in Gibbons v. Ogden was ruled unconstitutional by this highest American judicial body. At the time of the judgement, this body was led by Chief Justice John Marshall.
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled against a monopoly of these specific vessels, which were used for shipping and transit through the rivers of New York state in the 1800s.
This American entrepreneur, nicknamed “Commodore,” worked as a steamboat captain and business manager for Gibbons, and combatted other steamboat monopolies before building a railroad empire.
This author developed his most famous argument over time, from its original use in Discourse on the Method to a modified version in Meditations on First Philosophy. For ten points each, Name this seventeenth-century French philosopher who famously concluded “Cogito ergo sum,” [koh-gee-toe ayr-goh soom] or “I think, therefore I am.”
The statement “cogito ergo sum” is written in this language. Descartes [day-cart] first wrote the statement in French because he feared that using this language would reach fewer people.
Descartes’s Discourse on the Method revolutionized philosophy by promoting this concept as a starting point. Descartes notes that he never accepts anything as true until he clearly knows it to be true. In other words, this term describes people who question or doubt things that other people accept.
In theory, a meta-material super-lens could be used to see a nano-machine at work because the lens has a negative value for this quantity. For ten points each, Name this optical quantity, the ratio of light’s speed in a vacuum to its speed in a medium. This quantity is about 1.33 for water and 2.42 for diamond.
For a light wave at the boundary of two media, this law states the ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction equals the reciprocal ratio of the indices of refraction.
At the boundary between air and a polished silver surface, Snell’s law predicts that 95% of incident light will experience this phenomenon instead of refraction. This phenomenon explains why you can see yourself in a mirror.
Romantic poet Robert Burns wrote about people with this nationality “wha hae wi’ Wallace bled” and “wham Bruce has aften led.” For ten points each, Name this European nation, Burns’s homeland, whose dialect he used to write about schemes that “gang aft agley.”
Burns wrote “the best-laid schemes o’ [these creatures] an’ men / gang aft agley” in a poem addressed to one of these small mammals when he “[Turned] Her Up in Her Nest With the Plough.”
Burns also used the Scots dialect to write this poem, often sung at New Year’s, which asks “should ault acquaintance be forgot / and never brought to mind?”
In this game series, bells can be used to purchase items and pay off your mortgage. For ten points each, Name this video game series, whose newest release, New Horizons, came out in March 2020. This game series allows players to create their own home and interact with anthropomorphized villagers.
This racoon-like, anthropomorphic loan shark owns and mortgages the player’s home in the Animal Crossing games. This adorable slum-lord is the namesake of a fan-run New Horizons trading website.
Because of its multiplayer capability, New Horizons depends heavily on player trading. In 2020, this actor, who played Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings, made waves by politely selling his turnips on another player’s island.
Answer the following about one of the three “Grand Dames” [grahn dahmz] of a nineteenth-century French art movement, Berthe Morisot [bayr-tuh moh-ree-soh], for ten points each. Morisot was part of this French art movement. This movement focused on painting en plein air [ahn plah-nayr] and using broad, sketch-like brush strokes to capture the movement and natural lighting of scenes like Waterlilies and Morisot’s Grain Field.
This Impressionist gave the movement its name with his painting Impression: Sunrise. He also painted many Waterlilies floating near a green, Japanese-style bridge.
“Manet”) Morisot captured an outdoor scene of a woman and a little girl standing by the railing of one of these architectural features, looking out over Paris.
Give the following about Spanish Florida for ten points each. Spanish Florida originally included much more than modern-day Florida; it extended north into this state that borders Florida on the Atlantic coast.
The first European to reach Florida was this Spanish conquistador, who, according to legend, was searching for the Fountain of Youth.
The Spanish founded this city in Florida in 1565, making it America’s oldest city.
This ruler was the son of Pepin the Short, and his territory was divided between his three grandsons after the death of his son, Louis the Pious. For ten points each, Name this Medieval king who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in the year 800.
“Charles” or “Carolus”) Charlemagne began his rule as the king of these European peoples, who had been united by the Edict of Paris.
Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III [third] on this Christian holiday.
This Sanskrit epic contains the Bhagavad Gita, in which a god reminds a prince of his royal duties during the Kurukshetra War. For ten points each, Name this ancient Indian classic attributed to Vyasa.
The Mahabharata is important to this Indian religion. Gods of this religion, including Indra and Brahma, interact directly with the story.
This Hindu preserver god appears in the Mahabharata as his avatar Krishna, who advises Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita.
In a novel by this author, the student Ras-kol-ni-kov murders Lizaveta and Alyona in Saint Petersburg. For ten points each, Name this Russian author who also described the lives of Ivan, Alexei, and Dmitri in The Brothers Karamazov.
Raskolnikov commits his double murder in this novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky. In this novel, inspector Porfiry Petrovich provokes Raskolnikov to confess.
After being convicted of the murders, Raskolnikov is sentenced to punishment in this frozen, far-north region of Russia.
Perfectly elastic collisions and negligible particle volume are two of the assumptions made in the kinetic theory of these substances. For ten points each, Name this state of matter whose molecules are in constant, random motion, but with much greater separation between particles than in a liquid.
Using kinetic theory, it is possible to derive Fick’s laws of this process, in which gas particles spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
While kinetic theory assumes an ideal gas, this equation models real gases using a and b parameters to correct for intermolecular attraction and particle volume, respectively.
In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled against Lilly Ledbetter when she sued Goodyear over this type of discrimination. For ten points each, Name this type of discrimination that affected Ledbetter’s pay at Goodyear. The pay gap caused by this type of discrimination has held steady over the last decade at roughly eighty-four cents to the dollar.
because she is female” and equivalents) The Supreme Court ruled that Lilly Ledbetter’s claim was invalid because it had been too long since the discrimination against her had occurred, and thus her claim had violated this type of statute.
Ledbetter lost her argument that the one-hundred-eighty day statute of limitation should be triggered by each paycheck in which she was discriminated against. The Supreme Court rejected that argument, but it was adopted into law by the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which was signed by this Democratic president.
Give the following about global lightning hotspots, for ten points each. This 102-story building in New York City is hit by lightning about twenty-five times per year and was ranked tallest in its city from 1931 to 1970, and again from 2001 to 2012.
In this oil-rich, South American country, the world’s highest concentration of lighting occurs in a nearly continuous lightning storm where the Catatumbo River meets Lake Maracaibo.
According to an urban legend, an entire team of eleven footballers was killed in a single flash of lightning in this country’s Kasai province in 1998. This French-speaking African country has its capital at Kinshasa.
According to the VSEPR [vesper] theory of molecular geometry, the compound methane has this shape. For ten points each, Name this shape observed when a central atom is bonded to four other atoms, each of them spaced as far apart as possible.
All of the bond angles in a tetrahedral molecule of methane measure this many degrees, rounded to one decimal place.
While beryllium fluoride molecules will arrange themselves tetrahedrally as a liquid, as a gas they have a linear shape and a bond angle of this many degrees.
The main character of this novel is exiled to the island of Suma after being unfaithful to his wife, Aoi [ah-oh-ee]. For ten points each, Name this novel by Murasaki Shikibu [moo-rah-sah-kee shee-kee-boo] set during Japan’s Heian [hey-ahn] period. It is sometimes considered the world’s first novel.
A chapter of The Tale of Genji, “Vanished into the Clouds” is left entirely blank, implying this event happened to the main character. After this event, the story instead follows Kaoru [kah-oh-roo] and Niou [nee-oh].
Genji is the son of a man with this title. Lady Murasaki served in the household of a leader with this title who claimed to be descended from the goddess Amaterasu [ah-mah-tay-rah-soo].
Answer these questions about female Titans in Greek mythology, for ten points each. Like later Greek gods, the Titans represented elements of the natural world. The Titaness Selene was the embodiment of this natural satellite of Earth, which dominates the night sky.
This Titaness was the mother of the archer twins Apollo and Artemis. When the queen Niobe mocked this Titaness for only having two children, Apollo and Artemis killed all of Niobe’s children.
This Titaness was the Greek goddess of witchcraft. She was the handmaiden of Persephone and the goddess of ghosts.
George Washington became the only US president to lead troops in combat while in office when he led the military in putting down this rebellion. For ten points each, Name this 1790s insurrection in western Pennsylvania inspired by an unpopular tax.
Washington was advised during the Whiskey Rebellion by this man, who had been Washington’s aide-de-camp during the Revolution. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, this man was blamed for creating the whiskey tax.
As the Regular Army was small, the troops amassed by Washington were largely from these state-based bodies. The Second Amendment notes that these bodies must be “well regulated” for the “security of a free State.”
This poet wrote “Nature’s first green is gold” and described two paths that “equally lay / in leaves no step had trodden black.” For ten points each, Name this American poet of “Nothing Gold Can Stay” and “The Road Not Taken.”
In another poem by Frost, an unnamed speaker watches this weather phenomenon while “Stopping by Woods.” He eventually decides to leave, saying “I have promises to keep / and miles to go before I sleep.”
Frost declared, “the land was ours before we were the land’s” in this poem, which he recited at John F. Kennedy’s inauguration.
In the equation computing this quantity for a box moving up a ramp, force can be replaced with mass times little g times the sine of the angle. For ten points each, Name this quantity that is equal to the energy transferred to a moving object. This quantity is usually expressed as force times distance.
Although it does not decrease the work, a ramp does reduce the force that is needed to lift the box. This is because a ramp acts as this type of simple machine.
If the box slides back down the ramp at a constant speed, then the coefficient of friction can be found by applying this function to the ramp’s angle.
The loser of this battle, Harold Godwinson, had defeated Tostig and Harald Hardrada only five days earlier at Stamford Bridge. For ten points each, Name this 1066 battle. At this battle, Harold Godwinson was defeated by William the Conqueror as they fought for succession after the death of Edward the Confessor.
William the Conqueror claimed legitimate succession to the English throne, although he was born and raised in this region in what is now northwestern France.
Before the battle, William the Conqueror interpreted this astronomical object as an omen of his victory. This object appears in the Bayeux Tapestry’s depiction of the Battle of Hastings.
This museum honors musicians like Aretha Franklin, the Beatles, and Tina Turner, a 2021 inductee. For ten points each, Name this museum dedicated to commemorating great musicians in a certain music genre. A glass pyramid makes up part of this museum in Cleveland, Ohio.
Fame”) Another glass pyramid designed by the same architect is in the courtyard of this French art museum that is home to the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo.
The glass pyramids at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Louvre were both designed by this Chinese-American architect who passed away in 2019.
The Onion’s fictional persona of this politician, portraying him as a drug dealer and muscle car driver, was retired in March 2020, as were hopes that he would appear in more television shows. For ten points each, Name this actor-turned-president who delivered an anti-assault monologue on a 2016 episode of Law and Order: SVU while he was Barack Obama’s vice president.
SVU isn’t Joe Biden’s only television appearance. In the 2010s, he appeared on two episodes of this satirical show in which Leslie Knope, played by Amy Poehler, navigates the city-level bureaucracy of Pawnee, Indiana.
While serving as a Delaware senator, Biden also appeared on a children’s game show named for this fictional thief. Players showed off their knowledge of geography to help find “Where in the World” this woman was.
Give the following about Kublai Khan, for ten points each. Kublai Khan founded this dynasty of China. Revolts by the Han majority led to this dynasty being replaced by the Ming Dynasty.
Kublai Khan received this traveler as a visitor to his court. While imprisoned, this Italian wrote a book describing the wonders of Kublai Khan’s court for Western audiences.
Kublai Khan’s mainland campaigns were largely successful, but his two invasions of Japan were each thwarted by typhoons, described in Japanese by this term, meaning “divine wind.”
Sam-n-eric warn Ralph that this literary character has “sharpened a stick at both ends” and plans to use it to kill him. For ten points each, Name this cruel boy from a William Golding novel, who tortures Wilfred and kills Ralph’s friend while following Jack Merridew.
Roger joins Jack Merridew’s tribe of hunters in this novel by William Golding. In this novel, a group of young boys crash-land on a deserted island and start a war amongst themselves.
In Lord of the Flies, Roger rolls a boulder onto this asthmatic boy, killing him. This boy’s glasses are used to light signal-fires, and become a trophy of power when Jack takes possession of them.
The formation sequence of this mineral starts with peat and proceeds through lignite, bituminous, and anthracite. For ten points each, Name this carbon-based sedimentary rock that also serves as a major fossil fuel. It is burned in power plants that supply forty percent of the world’s electricity.
In general, coal is extracted from underground mines and open pits, or by this method in which long bands of earth are removed from the surface. This method tends to obliterate landscapes and cause severe soil erosion.
Like oil, coal can be transported through pipelines by using water to form this type of solid-liquid mixture. A 1972 flood of this coal mixture killed more than one hundred people in West Virginia.
This high-pitched brass instrument has three valves, and is related to the cornet and the flugelhorn. For ten points each, Name this jazz instrument played by Miles Davis and Wynton Marsalis.
This trumpeter, nicknamed “Satchmo,” recorded two albums with Ella Fitzgerald, and is renowned for his performance of “What a Wonderful World.”
This jazz trumpeter was known for puffing out his cheeks while playing a signature, bent trumpet. This bebop musician wrote “A Night in Tunisia” and “Salt Peanuts.”
Abraham Maslow believed that fully self-actualized people underwent feelings of harmony called “peak experiences,” which could be induced with these substances. For ten points each, Name this class of drugs that includes psilocybin and LSD. Today, these drugs are being researched for their potential use in treating depression.
drugs) In addition to depression, psychedelic drugs may also help treat this disorder that might be caused by exposure to highly shocking or hurtful events, such as abuse, assault, or war.
Another focus of psychedelic research is the treatment of the “cluster” type of this common ailment. A severe form of this ailment is called a migraine.
In Judaism, Rosh Hashanah celebrates this event on the first and second days of the month of Tishrei. For ten points each, Name this general event that occurs when the calendar begins afresh.
Rosh Hashanah begins this group of Jewish holidays, which end with the Day of Atonement on the tenth day of Tishrei.
The “Day of Atonement” is this last of the High Holy Days. On this day, each person’s fate for the new year is sealed in the Book of Judgement.
Wholly aquatic amphibians tend to excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, and terrestrial amphibians excrete this waste product. For ten points each, Name this chemical with formula CH N O 4sp2ll out], a waste product of protein digestion in mammals that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.
The cycle that generates urea from amino acids occurs mainly in this organ that is also responsible for detoxifying alcohol.
Another nitrogenous waste substance, uric acid, can form crystals that cause both kidney stones and this painful swelling of the joints, which often starts at the big toe.
In this novel, Tom flees after killing a man who murdered the preacher-turned-labor-organizer Jim Casy, and Rose-of-Sharon breastfeeds a starving man after losing her baby. For ten points each, Name this novel about the Joad family’s disastrous journey from Oklahoma to California during the Dust Bowl.
This American author wrote The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men.
Both The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men explore the intense economic effects of this event that began in 1929 with the crash of the stock market.
Answer the following about myths and legends surrounding Pythagoras, for ten points each. One legend claims that Pythagoras refused to believe in this type of number because he thought they violated mathematical purity. These numbers, including examples like the square root of two, cannot be written as fractions.
The most widespread myth is that Pythagoras was the discoverer of the Pythagorean Theorem, but a Babylonian clay tablet lists information about fifteen Pythagorean triples using this number system. The Babylonian use of this number system helps explain why there are 360 degrees in a circle.
For his theorem, Pythagoras supposedly wrote the first of these mathematical arguments, but no evidence has ever been found. When writing out these arguments, geometry students often use two columns to organize their statements and reasons.
Answer these questions about American women’s history, for ten points each. This constitutional amendment, first proposed in 1923, would ban sex-based discrimination. Although Virginia became the thirty-eighth state to ratify this amendment in January 2020, it has not yet been added to the constitution.
The ERA was originally drafted by Alice Paul. She also picketed outside the White House for this constitutional right, which was later granted by the nineteenth amendment.
Alice Paul picketed the White House with this protest group, who avoided noisy protests and engaged in hunger strikes. Members of this group were beaten and tortured during the Night of Terror in 1917.
Name some Winter Olympic sports, for ten points each. Required elements of the “short program” version of this sport typically include a double or triple jump and a double Axel.
In this team sport, invented in Scotland, competitors sweep an ice rink with brooms to guide stones into the “house,” a circular target.
In 1988, British athlete Michael Edwards, known as “Eddie the Eagle,” finished in last place in both the “large hill” and “normal hill” events of this sport. Competitors in this sport are ranked on distance traveled from a hill’s K-point.
This novel’s protagonist goes skating with Sally Hayes, and becomes angry when he learns that Jane Gallagher is dating his roommate, Stradlater. For ten points each, Name this novel by J.D. Salinger, in which Holden Caulfield wanders New York after he is expelled from Pencey Prep.
In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden buys a “Little Shirley Beans” record for this girl, his younger sister.
Holden takes Phoebe [FEE-bee] to ride the carousel in this park’s zoo. This long, thin New York park is named for running through the middle of Manhattan.
Many toilet bowl cleaners carry a warning not to mix them with bleach because deadly chloroform gas will result. Answer these questions about the chemistry of other household cleaning products, for ten points each. Oven cleaners and drain cleaners that contain lye are examples of the “strong” type of these compounds, which have a pH greater than seven.
This term labels soaps like Dawn and Tide, which use surfactants to make grease and fats more soluble in water, and therefore easier to wash away.
Though more common in cooking, this compound, also known as baking soda, can be used to remove odors from laundry and coffee stains from cups.
Name some symphonies written by Ludwig van Beethoven, for ten points each. This middle symphony by Beethoven has a “fate knocking at the door” motif with a dramatic “short-short-short- long” pattern.
Beethoven originally meant to dedicate this symphony to Napoleon. After Napoleon declared himself emperor of France, Beethoven scratched out the dedication and renamed it “Heroic” or “Eroica.”
Symphony or Sinfonia Eroica before it is read) Although most Beethoven symphonies have four movements, this symphony has five. Each movement represents a different time of day by depicting a “Merry gathering of country folk” and a “Scene by the brook.”
Give the following about the geography of the Iditarod [“eye”-dih-tah-rod], for ten points each. The Iditarod is an annual sled dog race that takes place over hundreds of miles in this US state.
The Iditarod begins in this most populous Alaskan city which, due to its polar location and size, is home to the surprisingly busy Ted Stevens International Airport.
The Iditarod ends in this town on the southern tip of the Seward Peninsula.
In this collection of stories, Filomena, Fiametta, Lauretta, and seven other young nobles tell stories about “The Patient Griselda” and “Federigo’s Falcon” after fleeing Florence. For ten points each, Identify this collection of short stories by Giovanni Boccaccio named for the ten days of storytelling in which ten young nobles tell each other stories to pass the time.
The young nobles in The Decameron flee to the country to escape this pandemic that devastated Europe in the fourteenth century.
The stories in The Decameron can be traced to earlier sources; several are from this collection of Middle Eastern folk stories that includes “Aladdin” and “Ali Baba.”
This government adopted the motto, “Work, Family, Fatherland” and was led by Philippe Petain. For ten points each, Name this collaborationist puppet government that was established under duress from Germany in July 1940.
This fascist German political party led by Adolf Hitler installed and controlled the Vichy government in France.
This politician and general opposed the Vichy government, instead leading Free France during World War II. He later established the Fifth Republic in France.
In ancient Egyptian burials, these containers were guarded by representations of the four sons of Horus. For ten points each, Name these containers that held the lungs, stomach, liver, and intestines of a mummified person.
After mummification, the deceased would undergo a ritual called the “Opening of” this body part, which was believed to allow the person to eat and drink in the afterlife.
After mummification, the soul of the deceased would be judged by Anubis by having this bodily organ weighed against the Feather of Ma’at to determine whether they could enter the afterlife.
This Northern Democrat opposed John C. Breckinridge for his party’s presidential nomination in 1860. For ten points each, Name this “Little Giant” from Illinois who defended popular sovereignty in his Freeport Doctrine.
Stephen Douglas supported the adoption of popular sovereignty to decide whether states should allow slavery, leading to a period of violent armed conflict in this “bleeding” territory.
Douglas articulated the Freeport Doctrine during a series of debates against this Illinois politician, who served as president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.
Answer these questions about the American space program, for ten points each. Alan Shepard walked on the moon during mission fourteen of this space program. This program put the first astronauts on the moon during its mission eleven.
Alan Shepard was also one of this program’s namesake “Seven.” As part of this program, Shepard became the first American to travel to space.
After the success of Project Mercury, Americans continued to orbit Earth in the first American one of these things, called Skylab. Russia’s first modular one of these things was called Mir [meer].
In May of 2000, four hundred homes in Enschede [EN-shuh-day], Netherlands were destroyed in an explosion at a factory making these things. For ten points each, Name these usually fun, explosive devices that send colored sparks into the air on the Fourth of July.
Poorly-stored, confiscated fireworks intensified an ammonium nitrate explosion that leveled buildings and left hundreds of thousands of people homeless in this Lebanese port city in 2020.
This city’s mayor, Eric Garcetti, has been called upon to make restitutions after fireworks explosives were unsafely detonated in a faulty bomb squad van owned by this city’s police department in June of 2021.
It was once common for high school students to determine this characteristic for themselves in the lab using a lancet and a Coombs antibody test. For ten points each, Name this human trait whose “O-negative” type is called the universal donor, and whose “AB-positive” is the universal recipient.
Blood typing is mandatory to avoid a fatal reaction during this procedure, in which a patient is given new blood intravenously from a donor.
The positive or negative designation in a person’s blood type refers to this factor, usually represented with two letters, which is named for the monkey species in which it was first observed.
In this novel, Lenina Crowne accompanies Bernard Marx to an antiquated “Reservation” where they encounter an abandoned woman named Linda and her son. For ten points each, Name this novel by Aldous Huxley in which John the Savage is shocked to be thrust into an engineered society of Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons.
The society in Brave New World is fanatically devoted to an assembly-line society inspired by this American car-maker.
This World Controller, referred to as “His Fordship,” suggests that John the Savage cannot fit into the “Brave New World” because he demands “the right to be unhappy.”
Answer these questions about a group of Hindu deities collectively nicknamed the Tridevi, for ten points each. The Tridevi are often described as being similar to the Trimurti, except that all three deities have this quality. Lakshmi is a deity with this quality, which sets her apart from her husband,
This member of the Tridevi is the goddess of wisdom and the wife of Brahma. She is often depicted with four arms, and carries a veena, a type of lute, to represent her love of music.
The third member of the Tridevi, Parvati, is also known by this name in her aspect as the goddess of destruction. This blue-skinned goddess slays demons and other evil spirits.
The Cantor set, an example of these objects, is created by removing the middle third of a line segment, then removing the middle thirds of the two remaining segments, and so on. For ten points each, Name these mathematical objects that are often represented in art as images that resemble themselves at deep magnification.
Fractals are named because they can be said to have a non-integer, or fractional, value for this quantity. Area-filling objects like planes have a value of two for this quantity, while space-filling objects like cubes have a value of three.
The term “fractal” was invented by this man, who used the coastline of Great Britain as an illustration of infinite repetitions of a form. One of the most famous fractals is a depiction of a set named for this man.
Give the following about the US entrance into World War I, for ten points each. This document intended to convince its recipient to distract the Americans in a land war so they wouldn’t join World War I. However, this document was intercepted by British Intelligence and used to convince the Americans to enter the war.
The Zimmerman telegram was sent by Germany to this country. The note promised this country that they would regain territory that had been lost to the US in, among other things, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
This President of the United States during World War I campaigned in 1916 on the slogan “He kept us out of war!”, then asked Congress to approve war following the Zimmerman telegram and a period of unrestricted submarine warfare.
Answer the following about the work of Caribbean poet Derek Walcott, the author of the poem Omeros, for ten points each. Omeros was inspired by this Homeric epic, in which Hector’s body is dragged around the walls of Troy to dishonor him for killing Patroclus in battle.
In the Iliad, this nearly-invincible hero carries a shield showing a city at peace and at war. This hero and his enemy, Hector, are characterized as fishermen in Omeros.
In Omeros, Achille and Hector are in love with this housemaid, whose name is a reference to the “face that launched a thousand ships” to begin the Trojan War.
A bull stands over a woman mourning her child on the left of this painting. In the center, an impaled horse opens its mouth in pain under an exploding lightbulb. For ten points each, Name this large, black-and-white painting that depicts the bombing of a Basque city during the Spanish Civil War.
Guernica is an anti-war painting by this Spanish artist, who painted The Old Guitarist during his somber “Blue Period.”
Pablo Picasso and his friend Georges Braque are credited with founding this artistic movement, which focused on creating geometric abstractions of three-dimensional shapes.
Give the following about the decolonization of Africa, for ten points each. Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Angola fought wars of independence against this European country with capital at Lisbon.
In the late twentieth century, this former British colony lost power over several of its neighboring territories, such as Namibia and Lesotho [leh-soo-too].
This former French colony’s National Liberation Front, or FLN, won its independence in an eight-year war that ended with the Evian Accords.
By substituting this law into the equation for electric flux, Gauss’s law can be derived. For ten points each, Name this law that states the electrostatic force between two particles is directly proportional to the magnitude of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Coulomb’s law also states that if one particle has a positive charge and the other is negative, then they will experience this type of interaction, also observed between the north and south poles of two magnets.
As a unit of electric charge, one coulomb is equivalent to one ampere-second. The ampere is the unit of this electric quantity, the flow of charged particles through a conductor. This quantity may be described as alternating or direct.
Stentor, Euglena, and Spirogyra are among the organisms that can be seen in a drop of pond water examined under one of these devices. For ten points each, Name this optical device with a stage and eyepiece, whose compound type may have maximum magnification of one thousand times.
Careful examination of a pond water slide is needed to find this type of slow, amorphous protozoan that moves by pseudopods and engulfs its prey by phago-cytosis.
In contrast to an amoeba, Paramecia appear to move quickly under the microscope because they are covered in these stiff, hair-like structures that beat back and forth.
This man’s nickname, Black Jack, was given to him as an instructor at West Point because of his service as the head of the 10th Cavalry, a Buffalo Soldier regiment. For ten points each, Name this leader of the Punitive Expedition into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa.
John Pershing was part of the Ghost Dance campaign to eliminate the last uprisings of the Lakota Indians. The Ghost Dance campaign culminated in this 1890 massacre in which two hundred fifty Lakota men, women, and children were killed by James Forsyth’s 7th US Cavalry.
During World War I, these protected ditches were often partially flooded, causing soldiers to develop foot damage; in response, Pershing spearheaded the invention of a new kind of boot.
Many of the Norse gods owned magical objects. For example, this god’s wife, Sif, possessed a golden cap made by the dwarven Sons of Ivaldi. For ten points each, Name this bad-tempered lightning god for whom the Sons of Ivaldi created the hammer Mjolnir [mee-YOLL-neer]. During Ragnarok, the Norse apocalypse, this god and the great serpent Jormungandr [YOR-mun-gon-dur] will kill each other in battle.
This queen of the Vanir, the Norse nature gods, owned a magical cloak made of falcon feathers which she could use to fly. She claimed half the souls of dead warriors for her mead-hall, Folkvangr.
This Norse goddess used her mystical spinning wheel to create the clouds. This wife of Odin is the goddess of both family life and clairvoyance.
In this play, Mark Antony gives a funeral oration that begins, “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.” For ten points each, Name this Shakespeare play named for a Roman ruler, in which Antony mocks “an honorable man” who has helped assassinate the subject of his funeral oration.
Antony’s speech mocks this man, a friend of Caesar who helps Cassius plan the assassination. Caesar is shocked that this man could hurt him, and asks “Et tu?” as he dies.
Brutus and Cassius are members of this Roman legislative body, who work together to kill Caesar. Caesar’s wife, Calphurnia, warns him against going to visit this group on the Ides of March.
Zeno of Elea is renowned for devising these statements, including one involving an arrow that seems to state that motion is impossible. For ten points each, Give this term for a statement that logically contradicts itself. Another famous example of these statements involves Achilles being unable to pass a tortoise in a footrace.
Simple paradoxes can often be solved with this principle named for a Franciscan friar. This idea is often stated as “the simplest solution is most likely to be the best one.”
William of Ockham.) Logician Willard Van Orman Quine described a paradox about non-existence as “[this philosopher’s] beard,” joking that Occam’s razor was unable to cut it. This mentor of Aristotle outlined his “theory of forms” in works like Republic.
In a painting of this season, Flora reaches into a pocket of flowers in her dress while, next to her, a blue Zephyrus grabs Chloris. For ten points each, Name this season represented allegorically in a painting set in an orange grove. In the painting, the three Graces dance in a circle to welcome this season of rebirth.
The Allegory of Spring, or Primavera, was painted by this Renaissance artist from Florence. This artist made several mythological paintings for his patrons, the Medici family.
Flora, Chloris and Zephyrus also appear in this other mythological Botticelli painting, which depicts the title Roman goddess being blown to shore while standing on a seashell in this painting
A poem about a man with this profession reflects that “each morning sees some task begin, / each evening sees it close; / something attempted, something done, / has earned a night’s repose.” For ten points each, Name this profession. A man with this profession opens a poem by standing “under a spreading chestnut-tree,” and entertains his village’s children with his bellows.
The author of “The Village Blacksmith” also wrote a poetic profile of this American hero. In the poem, this man rides “to every Middlesex village and farm” to warn that the British are marching to Lexington and Concord.
This American poet wrote “The Village Blacksmith,” “Paul Revere’s Ride,” and Evangeline.
The notation “N choose K” is often used to denote this mathematical concept. For ten points each, Give this term for a selection of objects out of a group in which the order that the objects are chosen does not matter.
In this related concept symbolized with a P, the order in which the numbers are chosen does matter.
The formulas for both permutations and combinations involve factorials, in which an integer is multiplied by every positive integer less than it. The expression “n factorial” is written using this punctuation mark.
This royal’s reputation was destroyed after another woman forged letters in her name to acquire jewelry in the Diamond Necklace Affair. For ten points each, Name this last queen of France before the Revolution, who was executed not long after her husband, Louis XVI [sixteenth].
Upon learning that French peasants were no longer able to afford bread, Marie Antoinette allegedly remarked, “Let them eat” this instead.
Marie Antoinette was killed at the beginning of this bloody period of the French Revolution. This period ended when its leader, Maximilian Robespierre, was also executed.
The center of Yellowstone National Park sits within one of these geologic structures, the remains of an eruption from six hundred forty thousand years ago. For ten points each, Name this hollow depression that forms when an eruption causes a volcano to collapse. Mount Mazama’s eruption created one of these structures that filled with water and became Crater Lake.
A caldera can result from the release of this hot, molten rock during an eruption. Before this substance reaches the surface, it is called magma.
The Hawaiian islands contain few calderas because they were formed over one of these regions where mantle plumes push magma up towards the crust, creating fairly constant lava flows.
This company’s president is Hidetaka Miyazaki, a game designer who is credited with creating the defining games of a genre that focuses on punishing gameplay in a gritty, medieval setting. For ten points each, Name this Japanese game company behind Armored Core and Elden Ring.
Players battle Saint Aldrich and Prince Lothric in the third entry of this notoriously difficult FromSoftware medieval action-RPG series that began in 2009.
The Souls series spawned a generation of “Souls-like” games, including this FromSoftware game in which the city of Yharnam is beset by a mysterious illness that transforms people infected with it into monstrous beasts.
The qibla [kee-blah], the direction Muslims should face to pray, points toward the Kaaba in this city. For ten points each, Name this Saudi Arabian city, the birthplace of Muhammad.
Any Muslim who is both financially and physically able is expected to perform this pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. During this pilgrimage, Muslims circle the Kaaba and perform the metaphorical Stoning of the Devil.
According to the Quran, this prophet and ancestor of Muhammad helped build the Kaaba with his father, Ibrahim.
This novel’s title character avoids humans who remind him of Yahoos, and instead prefers to talk to creatures that remind him of the wise and dignified Houyhnhnms [h-WIN-hims]. For ten points each, Name this satirical adventure novel by Jonathan Swift that describes the title man’s adventures in strange countries like Lilliput, which is populated by six-inch-tall humans.
Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships) Gulliver’s adventures in Lilliput take up the first part of Gulliver’s Travels. In the second part, Gulliver ends up in Brobdingnag, a country whose inhabitants have this trait, and where Gulliver is kept as a pet in a cage.
To console himself for having to leave the land of the Houyhnhnms, Gulliver purchases two of these animals, and talks to them for hours each day in their stables.
Answer the following about a defunct Cabinet position, for ten points each. This member of Franklin Pierce’s cabinet later became the first and only president of the Confederate States of America.
Prior to defecting, Jefferson Davis held this now-defunct Cabinet position, which was replaced by the Secretary of Defense in 1947.
The first Secretary of War was this general of the American Revolutionary War, who crossed the Delaware River alongside George Washington.
By placing a thermometer next to the color spectrum produced by a prism, Sir William Herschel discovered this form of radiation. For ten points each, Name this type of radiation with wavelengths just longer than visible light. About half of the solar energy that reaches Earth is this form, commonly referred to as “heat radiation.”
This type of radiation with wavelengths between one millimeter and one meter is near infrared on the EM spectrum. These waves are especially good at exciting water molecules in their namesake cooking device.
Microwaves have largely supplanted radio waves in this technology that can be used to enforce speed limits, track storms, and monitor for enemy aircraft.
When it was a French autonomous republic, this country shared its name with one of its official languages, Malagasy [mal-ah-gah-see]. For ten points each, Name this island country off the east coast of Africa with capital at Antananarivo [ahn-tah-nah-nah-ree-voh].
Madagascar is the only native home of these primates, which spend most of their time in trees. The ring-tailed species of this animal is on the endangered species list due to habitat loss.
Lemurs are endemic to Madagascar because the island is separated from mainland Africa by this body of water.
To conduct current, a galvanic cell or battery must possess both an anode and this electrode. For ten points each, Name this positive electrode where the reduction reaction occurs. This electrode is made of copper in a zinc-copper cell.
The Nernst equation can determine the voltage of a zinc-copper cell if these quantities are known for the two ions. This quantity is usually expressed in molarity or moles per liter.
To allow flow of ions between the two electrodes, a porous cup or one of these devices may be used. A typical one of these devices is a U-shaped glass tube filled with an electrolyte solution.
Give the following about the Non-Aligned Movement, an organization of countries interested in protecting their interests against both the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact and the US-dominated NATO, for ten points each. The concept of non-alignment was developed by diplomats during discussions in this international body, as countries like India and Yugoslavia refused to contribute to this body’s effort to help South Korea during the Korean War. The US is one of five permanent members of this global body’s Security Council.
The Non-Aligned Movement grew out of the Bandung Conference, a 1955 meeting hosted by President Sukarno on this country’s island of Java.
The Non-Aligned Movement was co-founded by, among other leaders, this President of Egypt who led from 1956 to 1970.
Beethoven wrote a set of pieces for this type of ensemble dedicated to Count Razumovsky. For ten points each, Name this type of chamber ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello.
In addition to being the “father of the symphony,” this Austrian composer is considered the “father of the string quartet.” This man wrote sixty-eight string quartets, including “Sunrise” and “Emperor.”
Mozart wrote a set of six string quartets dedicated to Haydn; the last one in the set is nicknamed for this musical feature. This musical term refers to harmonies that sound harsh or unpleasant.
This play’s protagonist burns Eilert Lovborg’s manuscript after driving him to commit suicide. For ten points each, Name this play in which the title woman, the wife of George Tesman, kills herself while being blackmailed by Judge Brack.
Hedda Gabler is set in nineteenth-century Kristiania, a city that was renamed Oslo in 1927. It is the capital of this country, which is also the home nation of the play’s author.
This Norwegian playwright wrote Hedda Gabler, The Wild Duck, and A Doll’s House.
This author wrote about the fictional science fiction writer Kilgore Trout in novels like Timequake and God Bless You, Mr Rosewater. For ten points each, Name this American author of Breakfast of Champions and a novel in which Billy Pilgrim becomes “unstuck in time.”
Billy Pilgrim shifts through time in this novel, which bounces from the firebombing of Dresden to Billy’s life with his wife Valencia, to his capture by Tralfamadorian aliens.
Slaughterhouse-Five is named for the building where Billy is kept as a prisoner during this war. Billy is captured by the Germans at the Battle of the Bulge in this war.
Pliny the Younger wrote an account of how he fled the destruction of this city and how his uncle, Pliny the Elder, didn’t escape. For ten points each, Name this city that was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, burying its citizens under a thick layer of ash.
Many walls in the ruins of ancient Pompeii are covered in these messages; for example, two men named Gaius and Aulus announced that they “were here” with this illicit type of wall art.
Like Pompeii, this rich seaside city was destroyed and well preserved by Vesuvius’s ash. The Villa of the Papyri can be found in this city’s ruins.
This body’s phases include “waxing crescent” and “waning gibbous.” For ten points each, Identify this natural satellite of Earth that experiences a cycle of “new,” “quarter,” and “full” phases about once every thirty days.
In 1610, Galileo described the moon-like phases of this planet, and concluded they could only be possible in a heliocentric solar system. This planet’s orbit and phase cycle take about two hundred twenty-five days.
Venus in its “new” phase looks larger than a “full” Venus because of the inferior type of this event, in which Earth, Venus, and the Sun form a straight line. Eclipses may take place during these events.
This country shares the highest lake in the world, Lake Titi-caca, with Bolivia. For ten points each, Name this South American country whose capital was moved from this country’s archaeological site of Vitcos to its modern capital, Lima, after the Spanish invaded the Incan Empire.
Prior to Spanish colonization of what is now Peru, it contained Incan cultural centers like Vitcos, Cuzco, and this mountainous city explored by Hiram Bingham.
Machu Picchu [mah-choo pee-choo] is located in this mountain range, the longest continental range on Earth, which stretches down the western side of South America.
Johannes Kepler conjectured that a cubic packing and a hexagonal packing of these objects were tied as the most efficient method of packing them. For ten points each, Name these three-dimensional objects whose volume is given by the formula “four-thirds, times pi, times the radius cubed.”
Because they are perfectly round, spheres have none of these points that are formed by the meeting of two or more edges.
Archimedes calculated that, if a sphere is inscribed within one of these shapes, the sphere’s volume will be two-thirds the volume of this shape.
Answer the following about operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for ten points each. In an opera named for one of these instruments, the Queen of the Night gives Pamina a knife and Tamino a “magic” one of these instruments to get revenge on the priest Sarastro.
In Mozart’s opera Don Giovanni, the seductive protagonist is visited by the Commendatore, the ghostly father of one of his romantic conquests, who drags him off to hell by possessing one of these objects.
This misogynistic comic opera is about two men who lose a bet when they seduce their fiancees while in disguise. The title of this opera translates loosely as “all women are like that.”
A novel by this author follows seven generations of the Buendıa family in their hometown of Macondo. For ten points each, Name this author of One Hundred Years of Solitude. Because his name is Spanish, he has two surnames, the first inherited from his father and the second from his mother; therefore, the first of his two last names is required.
Gabriel Garcıa Marquez is from this South American country, where One Hundred Years of Solitude is set. Its capital is Bogota.
The seventh generation of the Buendıa family is made up entirely of a baby boy, Aureliano, who has the tail of one of these animals. In the novel Charlotte’s Web, Wilbur is one of these animals.
Activism groups, such as the Society for Human Rights and the Mattachine Society, typically avoided using this word in their names until 1969. For ten points each, Give this term, the “G” in “LGBT.”
On June 28, 1969, police raided this Mafia-owned gay bar in Greenwich Village in New York. The ensuing anti-police riot catalyzed the gay rights movement and led to the formation of the Gay Liberation Front.
One year after Stonewall, the first of these public events took place. These events celebrate the progress of the LGBT community and often feature people waving rainbow flags as they march down streets.
To supplement your college fund, you’ve decided to become an organic tomato farmer. Answer these horticultural questions, for ten points each. You can use compost or manure as an organic one of these nutrient supplements for your crop. These substances should contain sufficient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
If your leaves turn yellow, it’s a good bet that the soil is deficient in magnesium, a necessary component of this plant pigment.
Fortunately, you no longer have to worry about convincing customers that tomatoes are edible, unlike their relatives henbane and belladonna in this plant family.
This religion’s Ise Grand Shrine [ee-say grand shrine] is rebuilt every twenty years, and is said to hold the sacred mirror used to lure Amaterasu [ah-mah-tay-rah-soo] out of a cave. For ten points each, Name this native religion of Japan that believes all things have a spiritual energy called kami [kah-mee].
These red gates are found outside of Shinto shrines, and mark the boundary between the everyday world and the sacred world.
These animals are the messengers of Inari [ee-nah-ree], one of the principal kami. In Shinto, these animals can have up to nine tails, each one indicating their level of wisdom.
This novel’s protagonist is horrified to discover a corpse dressed in a blue uniform like his own while he flees from battle. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Henry Fleming witnesses the death of Jim Conklin and other Union soldiers, and comes to regret his desire for the title mark of valor.
The Red Badge of Courage is set during this war. In Ambrose Bierce’s “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,” Payton Farquhar is executed for supporting the Confederacy in this war.
This author of The Red Badge of Courage also wrote Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky.”
The background of this painting includes a red-curtained bed and a chandelier with one candle in it. For ten points each, Name this painting by Jan van Eyck [yahn van “eye”k], in which an Italian merchant in an enormous, black hat stands next to his wife, who wears a sumptuous green dress.
accept any description including the name Arnolfini and the idea of marriage) The background of The Arnolfini Wedding includes an incredibly detailed, convex one of these decorations, surrounded by ten illustrations of the stations of the cross.
In the painting, a small one of these animals stands at the feet of the couple to represent loyalty. Diego Velazquez’s painting Las Meninas, includes a large mastiff, one of these domestic animals.
Give the following about 2021’s The Matrix Resurrections, for ten points each. This actor returns to the franchise as Neo. Popular supercuts of this actor’s work in film franchises like John Wick and the Bill and Ted films often focus on him saying “Whoa.”
The Matrix was created by a pair of filmmaking sisters with this last name. Lana, but not Lilly, returns to direct The Matrix Resurrections.
New to the Matrix series is Jonathan Groff, who originated the Hamilton role of King George III on Broadway, and who voices Kristoff in this Disney franchise.
Though it is perhaps not its most famous application, formaldehyde is mainly used to make resins for products like particle board and laminate flooring. Answer these questions about its chemistry, for ten points each. Formaldehyde is classified as this type of compound, along with benzene and sugar, because it contains carbon and is produced by cellular reactions.
Formaldehyde is synthesized industrially by the oxidation of this simplest alcohol with formula CH O3 [C-H-3-O- H].
Formaldehyde has traditionally been a major component of the fluid injected into a body during this process that fixes tissues and slows decomposition by microorganisms.
This poet’s rivalry with John Keats was so intense that he used the poem Don Juan [don JOO-an] to mock him after death, claiming that Keats had died from reading a bad review of his work instead of from tuberculosis. For ten points each, Name this English Romantic poet. Keats was convinced that this nobleman had bought good reviews for works like Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.
Byron) Keats wrote many of his own poems in this poetic style, in which the author directly addresses a subject. Keats wrote poems of this type “on a Grecian Urn” and “to a Nightingale.”
Byron died in Missolonghi, and became a national hero during this country’s war of independence. This Mediterranean country is led from Athens.
Answer these questions about Heracles’ twelve labors, for ten points each. The first labor was to kill this animal from Nemea, whose golden fur was impenetrable to arrows. After strangling this creature, Heracles used one of its own claws to skin its pelt, which he used as armor.
For his ninth labor, Heracles traveled to Themyscira [them-mes-skee-rah] to get the belt of this queen of the Amazons.
In his final labor, Heracles had to capture this three-headed beast that guards the gates of Hades.
In July 1990, this country was accused of slant drilling into the Rumaila oil field; a month later, this country was invaded. For ten points each, Name this Middle Eastern country. American forces supported this occupied country during the First Gulf War.
Kuwait’s oil infrastructure was heavily damaged in the First Gulf War after it was invaded by this neighboring country, which was led at the time by Saddam Hussein from Baghdad.
During the Gulf War, the US effort was largely staged from this southern neighbor of Kuwait. This largest country in the Middle East controls much of the region’s shipping, as it is the only country with shorelines on both the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.
The adiabatic index and the propagation constant are among the many quantities in physics represented by a lowercase Greek letter gamma. Answer these questions about its other uses, for ten points each. Small gamma also represents specific weight, a quantity equal to density times this number. This is the value of gravitational acceleration in meters per second squared at Earth’s surface, rounded to one decimal place.
OnaFeynmandiagram,asmallgammaandawavylinerepresentoneoftheseparticlesthatcarrytheelectromagnetic force and are the basic units of light.
In special relativity, small gamma represents a factor named for this Dutch physicist. This man’s namesake factor is used in calculations of time dilation and length contraction.
Give the following about 2021 electoral efforts that have been derided as wasteful, for ten points each. This country’s Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, called for a snap election in September. Only twenty-four of three hundred thirty-eight seats changed parties in the election, which cost this country over six hundred million dollars.
Republican efforts to recount the 2020 Presidential election in Maricopa County in this southwestern state concluded in September and found that Joe Biden won the state by even more votes than previously indicated.
On September 14th, polls closed in the election to recall this Governor of California. The effort to recall this man failed by more than three million votes and cost roughly three hundred million dollars.
Give the following about the Adams family for ten points each. John Adams was married to this early feminist, who advised him to “remember the ladies” in one of their numerous correspondences.
John Adams was a member of this political faction that pushed for the newly-founded America to have a strong central government. Adams was the only man elected President from this political party.
John Adams’s cousin Samuel led the Sons of Liberty in this raid on three merchant ships, the Eleanor, Beaver, and Dartmouth.
Nicotine addiction results when the drug binds to receptors for this neuro-transmitter in the brain. For ten points each, Name this neurotransmitter released by motor neurons to stimulate contraction of skeletal muscles. Voluntary movement requires that this neurotransmitter not be inhibited.
Powerful inhibitors of the acetyl-choline receptor system are found naturally in the venom of some of these animals, such as the sea krait and black mamba.
Another acetylcholine inhibitor is botulinum toxin, which can smooth wrinkles, but also causes a deadly form of this condition when present in canned goods.
Maurice Ravel and this composer have both been called musical “Impressionists,” although they both rejected the label. For ten points each, Name this French composer who wrote the symphonic poem Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, the opera Pelleas ´ et Me´isande, and the orchestral suite La Mer.
Debussy created an arrangement of La Mer for four hands, which requires two people to play this common keyboard instrument with black and white keys.
In Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, the flute plays a solo using this kind of scale. On the piano, this kind of scale can be played using the twelve black and white keys between one note and the octave above it.
Legendary figures are popular topics in literature. Answer the following about literary characters drawn from European legends, for ten points each. This English hero helps William of Ivanhoe in a novel by Sir Walter Scott. This skilled archer led the Merry Men in a quest to rob the rich and give to the poor.
novel is Ivanhoe) This legendary German figure negotiates with Mephistopheles to gain magical powers in works by Christopher Marlowe and Johan Wolfgang von Goethe [gur-tuh].
Johan Georg Faust) This modern country is the home of The Song of Roland, a poem about a legendary general who served under Charlemagne, wielded the sword Durendal, and burst his temples while blowing his oliphant horn during a battle.
Failure to uphold this document’s Clause Sixty-One led to the First Barons War. For ten points each, Name this document that guaranteed certain rights for nobles, as well as a system of balances against the king’s rule. It was signed in 1215 by King John.
The Magna Carta was written for this country, which later merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
The Magna Carta created the first modern form of this English governing body, which in modern times is made up of the House of Lord and House of Commons.
This author recounted her lifelong friendship with her teacher Anne Sullivan in The Story of My Life. For ten points each, Name this prolific Alabama activist and author who learned new communication strategies after losing her sight and hearing to illness as a young child.
Helen Keller was a founding member of this nonprofit organization, which developed out of the CLB in 1920. This organization focuses on defending constitutional rights and social welfare in court.
Keller was an active member of this political party, and supported its candidate Eugene V. Debs. Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle was an attempt to sway readers to join this populist political party.
The metal activity series predicts that aluminum will take the place of silver in a solution due to one of these reactions. For ten points each, Name this type of chemical reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound. These reactions have the general form “A plus B C yields B plus A C.”
The first metals in the activity series, including potassium and lithium, are all members of this highly reactive group.
At the bottom of the activity series is this transition metal, found in a car’s catalytic converter, that is more expensive than gold when used in jewelry.
This biblical book describes the resurrection of Dorcas, God’s smiting of Sapphira, and multiple religious conversions. For ten points each, Name this book from the Christian New Testament that follows the four canonical gospels and describes the doings of the Apostles.
Much of the Book of Acts concerns the travels of this Apostle from Tarsus. This man changed his name after a spiritual encounter on the way to Damascus inspired him to convert.
This woman, who was a merchant of purple dye, was converted to Christianity by Paul. In the Book of Acts, she lets Paul stay with her family during his travels.
Give the following about museums in Chicago, for ten points each. A well-preserved Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton nicknamed Sue is found in this Chicago natural history museum, found by the lakeshore in Chicago’s Museum Campus.
The Field Museum is next door to one of these facilities, named for John G. Shedd, that includes exhibits like the Caribbean Reef and the Waters of the World.
Just east of the Field Museum and Shedd Aquarium is one of these facilities, named for businessman Max Adler, that includes the Doane Observatory and an Astronomical Museum.
The Housebuilder Theorem notes that if this shape’s diagonals are congruent, then this shape is actually a rectangle. For ten points each, Name this type of quadrilateral defined by the fact that it has two pairs of opposite sides that, if extended infinitely far, would never intersect.
This term is given to a three-dimensional figure whose six faces are all parallelograms. Cubes and rectangular prisms are this type of figure with extra restrictions.
The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of the diagonals, the sine of an angle created by the diagonals, and this fraction. This fraction also appears in several formulas for the area of a triangle.
A play about this historical event uses it as an allegory for Joseph McCarthy’s hunt for communists in the American government. For ten points each, Name this 1690s event during which Giles Corey and John Proctor were executed for supposedly casting spells in a colonial Massachusetts town.
The Salem witch trials allegorize McCarthyism in this Arthur Miller play, in which Abigail Williams accuses Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft.
In The Crucible, Abigail Williams begins making accusations after she and her friends are found dancing naked in the forest to help this Barbadian slave cast a hex on Elizabeth Proctor.
Elamite and Akkadian are among the languages that were written in this system despite not being native languages of the civilization that invented it. For ten points each, Name this writing system, developed by the Sumerians, that uses a reed stylus to make wedge-shaped impressions on clay tablets.
The Sumerians and Babylonians flourished in this region with a Greek name. This region in the “fertile crescent” was a center of early agriculture, since the plow was invented here.
Mesopotamia is Greek for “the land between the rivers;” specifically, between the Euphrates [yoo-fray-tees] and this other major Middle Eastern river.
In parts of India and sub-Saharan Africa, this insecticide is no longer used to control malaria because twenty-five percent of the mosquito population is resistant to it. For ten points each, Name this pesticide developed by Paul Muller that was widely used in agriculture and urban areas after the Second World War. Its 1972 ban in the US was prompted by its destructive impact on wildlife.
The environmental hazards of DDT became widely known because of this 1962 Rachel Carson book. This book’s title effect is a result of DDT killing all the birds.
Silent Spring noted that ingestion of DDT caused the thinning of these reproductive structures. In birds, the chemical causes these structures to crack before the young inside can develop and hatch.
In these islands’ religion, the deity Ku’ula controls the fish in the sea. For ten points each, Name this set of islands, an American state whose native religion considers sites like Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea to be sacred.
This traditional dance in Hawaii is often accompanied by chant or song and was used for storytelling and rituals. Before performing, dancers may make offerings to Laka, a patron of this dance.
This Goddess of volcanoes brought fire to the Hawaiian islands and lives in Mount Kilauea. During a sled race, she started a fight with the snow Goddess Poli’ahu [poh-lee-ah-hoo] due to jealousy.
This poet wrote a collection that declares “tonight, I can write the saddest lines,” and that ends with a poem that laments “in you, everything sank.” For ten points each, Name this poet of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.
Pablo Neruda was a writer from this South American country, whose capital is Santiago.
Neruda’s poetry was described as “[bringing] alive a continent’s destiny and dreams” when he was given this prize in 1971. This specific prize was established in 1901 by the estate of a Swedish inventor.
This man’s final written words included the note “I [...] am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away, but with Blood.” For ten points each, Name this abolitionist who, in 1859, became the first person to be executed for treason by the United States.
John Brown was hanged after his failed attempt to raid the arsenal at this town in what is now West Virginia.
Prior to working as a nurse, spy, and raider for the Union during the Civil War, this abolitionist recruited supporters for Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry. More famously, this woman guided dozens of escaped slaves along the Underground Railroad.
A 2021 article in Scientific American explains “Why [this field] Matters,” despite being commonly cited as the least valuable undergraduate major. For ten points each, Name this social science that is concerned with culture and society on a wider scale than sociology.
The Scientific American article focuses on anthropology’s role in the evolving understanding of this concept as a social, not biological, construct, as well as its historical use in justifying discrimination based on skin color.
This 20th century pioneer claimed that the purpose of anthropology “is to make the world safe for human differences.” This compatriot of Margaret Mead analyzed the differences between America and Imperial Japan during World War II in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.
When Louis Pasteur said “chance favors the prepared mind,” he was referring to the work of this Danish physicist. For ten points each, Name this man who observed in 1820 that a compass needle was deflected from north by a current-carrying wire nearby.
Oersted’s observations proved that an electric current generates this type of field. The Earth’s field of this type has an average strength around fifty micro-teslas.
Under Oersted’s law, the direction of the magnetic field can be determined using this kind of rule, in which the thumb points in the direction of the current and the fingers are curled.
A literary character with this profession tells the tales of Palamon and Arcite to a group of pilgrims that includes a Miller and a Clerk. For ten points each, Name this job. In a Middle English work, a character with this profession who has participated in multiple crusades is accompanied by his son, who serves as his Squire.
The Knight, the Miller, and the Clerk gather at the Tabard Inn on their way to the shrine of Thomas Becket in this poetic short story collection, in which a group of travelers tell each other stories to pass the time.
This Middle English author wrote The Canterbury Tales, as well as The Parlement of Foules and Troilus and Criseyde.
In an animated spin-off of this television series, series regular Majel Barrett voiced the feline Lieutenant M’Ress [muh-ress]. For ten points each, Name this 1960s TV show that starred William Shatner as Captain James Tiberius Kirk.
On the Original Series, Leonard Nimoy played this half-Vulcan, half-human science officer, Captain Kirk’s second-in-command, who prizes logic above all else.
In a move that would complicate storylines for decades, Star Trek producer Gene Coon dictated that Captain Kirk and his crewmates on the Enterprise must follow this Starfleet rule never to interfere with the natural development of alien societies.
In a painting of this scene, Judas clutches a bag of silver while the other disciples react to the revelation that Jesus will be betrayed by one of them. For ten points each, Name this biblical scene. In a painting of this scene by Leonardo da Vinci, Jesus spreads his hands over the table where he and his disciples eat a meal together.
Judas kneels across the table from the other disciples in this artist’s diagonally-aligned painting of The Last Supper. This Italian Mannerist also painted Paradiso and The Miracle of the Slave.
Judas is absent from Albrecht Durer’s depictions of The Last Supper, which he created by printing with blocks of this material. To make block prints, artists carve along the grain of this natural material.
A collection of fables named for this storyteller includes the French versions of “Puss in Boots” and “Sleeping Beauty.” For ten points each, Name this fictional storyteller, who is often depicted as a kindly grandmother or as a wise, maternal bird.
This French fabulist collected and updated European folktales like “Sleeping Beauty” in The Tales of Mother Goose.
In this story from The Tales of Mother Goose, the title girl learns not to talk to strangers after she and her grandmother are eaten by a wolf.
This holiday typically lasts five days and celebrates the triumph of good over evil. For ten points each, Name this Hindu festival of lights that marks the day Rama defeated Ravana and returned to Ayodhya [eye-yohd- hya] with his wife, Sita.
During Diwali, a puja is performed for this goddess of wealth. This consort of Vishnu is often depicted with four arms and sitting on a lotus.
The last day of Diwali celebrates people with this family relationship. During the celebration, women feed men who have this familial relationship to them, with whom they likely grew up.
The CEO of this company, Elizabeth Holmes, was indicted for wire fraud in a trial that began in August 2021. For ten points each, Name this health tech company that falsely claimed it could perform elaborate medical tests on mere drops of blood.
Prior to Holmes’ indictment for wire fraud, Theranos itself settled lawsuits for fraud brought by this US regulatory body. This organization, created after the 1929 stock market crash, enforces laws against financial crimes like insider trading and market manipulation.
Prior to the collapse of Theranos, Holmes was often cited as one of the few women to succeed in this California region, whose name is commonly used for the American tech industry. Apple, Google, and numerous other companies founded here have habitually discriminated against women and minorities.
This city’s namesake empire took control of much of what is now Spain in the 200s BCE. For ten points each, Name this Phoenecian city, the capital of an empire built by Hamilcar Barca and his son Hannibal.
Carthage laid claim to the Iberian peninsula to strengthen their position in a Punic War against this republic based in Italy, which later ruled the territory they called “Hispania” under emperors like Trajan and Hadrian.
Empire”) Rome completed its conquest of Hispania under this first emperor, who defeated Mark Antony and established the Pax Romana.
The Carboniferous period may have resulted from an inability of decomposers to deal with a new molecule, lignin, being incorporated into this structure. For ten points each, Name this rigid structure that allows plant cells, but not animal cells, to withstand turgor pressure. It is found outside the cell membrane.
Unlike the walls of fungi, which are composed of chitin [KYE-tin], plant walls are made of this glucose poly- saccharide.
Primary plant walls also contain varying amounts of this galactose polymer that is plentiful in apples and citrus fruits. This molecule is the gelling agent in jams and jellies.
Rene Descartes [day-cart] names a type of product created by listing ordered pairs that combine elements from these objects. For ten points each, Give this mathematical term for an unordered collection of numbers. The elements of these groups are usually written inside curvy braces.
The set with no elements is described by one of two adjectives; give either. One of these two adjectives is also used to indicate a missing value in a database.
If two sets have no elements in common, then their intersection will be the empty set. In that case, this type of diagram for the sets will display two non-overlapping circles. More commonly, one of these diagrams has two circles with an overlapping section in the middle.
This composer wrote the Holberg Suite and a musical suite that accompanies a Henrik Ibsen play about a folk hero. For ten points each, Name this Norwegian composer who included songs like “Anitra’s Dance,” “Solveig’s Song,” and “The Death of Ase” in his Peer Gynt Suite.
This mysterious-sounding song from the Peer Gynt Suite gradually grows louder and faster to represent Peer being chased.
The song In the Hall of the Mountain King is set in the home of one of these mythical Scandinavian creatures. These humanoid creatures often have tails, and may turn to stone in the sunlight.
William Travis wrote “VICTORY OR DEATH” in a plea to “the People of Texas & All Americans in the World” during the siege of this fort. For ten points each, Name this San Antonio fort that was besieged by Santa Anna’s forces in early 1836.
Another defender of the Alamo was this man, whose proficiency with a long-bladed knife led its type to be named for him.
This frontiersman and hater of Andrew Jackson died alongside James Bowie and William Travis while defending the Alamo.
This list’s one-hundred-tenth and final object, a dwarf satellite galaxy, was added in 1967, nearly two hundred years after its first publication. For ten points each, Name this catalog of astronomical objects compiled by a French astronomer in the eighteenth century. In this catalog, M45 is the Pleiades cluster, and M31 is the Andromeda galaxy.
Messier referred to most of his objects by this term. However, we now know that only a handful are really these interstellar dust clouds. Two of these objects are M16 and M1, nicknamed the “Eagle” and the “Crab.”
M42 is the nebula named for this constellation, which contains the stars Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka in its belt.
As a baby, this mythical Greek king is sent out to die because his parents fear he will fulfill a dire prophecy. For ten points each, Name this mythical Greek figure who fulfills part of the prophecy when he kills his father, Laius [LAH-yuss], and becomes the king of Thebes in a series of plays by Sophocles.
Oedipus becomes the king of Thebes by solving a riddle posed by this mythical creature, which has the body of a lion and the head of a human.
Oedipus fulfills the second part of his prophecy by marrying Jocasta, a woman who unknowingly has this familial relationship with Oedipus.
In 2017, an armed, all-female unit was established in Zimbabwe to help combat this crime. For ten points each, Name this illegal act of hunting or capturing wild animals. A common form of this crime is killing elephants for their ivory.
Black rhinos have nearly gone extinct due to poaching in this African region. This grassland is the namesake of a national park in Tanzania, and reaches the Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya.
During migration season, thousands of wildebeests and this striped equine cross the Serengeti in search of new grass.
The two D-lines are indicative of sodium when light from the Sun is analyzed by this method. For ten points each, Name this technique in which the light given off by a heated element is separated into a characteristic pattern of emission lines.
Sodium’s two D-lines are found in this color of the visible spectrum, which is also the color of potassium chromate solution and lead [led] iodide solid.
Two violet, one blue, and one red line are found in the Balmer spectral series of this element, the simplest and most abundant element in the universe.
This poem claims it will “justify the ways of God to man.” For ten points each, Name this epic poem by John Milton that follows the creation, temptation, and downfall of Adam and Eve.
Paradise Lost fulfills its title when Adam and Eve take “their solitary way” and leave the paradise of this biblical garden.
Despite the angels’ efforts, Eve is tempted by this character, who was called Lucifer before the Angelic War. This figure thinks it is “better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.”
Answer these questions about the many times Zeus transformed himself to seduce women, for ten points each. Zeus seduced this woman while in the form of a swan. This woman had four children with Zeus, including Helen of Troy.
Zeus took the form of gold coins falling from the sky to seduce the princess Danae. Afterwards, Danae gave birth to this hero, who freed Andromeda and killed Medusa.
Zeus seduced Europa by turning into one of these animals. Io, another woman seduced by Zeus, was turned into one of these animals by Hera.
Democrat Pat Schroeder described this man’s presidency as “Teflon-coated” because “nothing sticks to him.” For ten points each, Name this president who somehow survived scandals like the Iran-Contra Affair during his two terms in office in the 1980s.
Before becoming president of the United States, Ronald Reagan was the governor of this state.
While governor of California, Ronald Reagan legalized the “no-fault” form of this process. Ronald Reagan was the first US president to have gone through this process.
This country’s prime ministers have included Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter, who ruled with an iron fist during the Emergency, and who ordered Operation Blue Star. For ten points each, Name this modern country led for much of the sixties through eighties by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi from its capital, New Delhi.
When she declared a state of emergency, Indira Gandhi and her son Sanjay spearheaded a population control strategy in which poor men and women were forced to undergo this medical procedure.
vasectomy or tubectomy) Gandhi’s time in office came to an abrupt end when she was assassinated by her bodyguards, who were followers of this religion. They were angry over Gandhi’s attack on this religion’s Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star.
According to Noether’s theorem, quantities like mass and electric charge have this property in a closed system because the physical laws that describe them are symmetric. For ten points each, Give this term that means that a measurable quantity of a system does not change over time. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy has this property.
Conservation of this quantity, which is equal to moment of inertia times angular speed, explains why a rotating figure skater starts spinning faster when she pulls her arms toward her body.
momentum”) When two objects experience this type of collision, the system’s linear momentum will be conserved, but its kinetic energy will not.
In a poem named for one of these animals, a free one “leaps / on the back of the wind” while a caged one “sings / with a fearful trill / of things unknown / but longed for still.” For ten points each, Name this animal whose “wings are clipped” and who “sings of freedom.”
“Caged Bird” was written by this American poet and civil rights activist. Her autobiography series begins with the similarly named book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.
Angelou recited her poem “On the Pulse of Morning” for the 1993 inauguration of this forty-second president of the United States, whose wife ran for the same office in 2016.
Answer some questions about currently airing medical dramas, for ten points each, This David Shore show is about the autistic Shaun Murphy. In the pilot of this show, Shaun saves a young boy who has been struck by falling glass at an airport.
Station-19 is a spin-off of this eighteen-season show, developed by Shonda Rhimes, in which Meredith Grey works at Grey Sloan Memorial in Seattle. Its title is a reference to a classic medical text.
This longest-running American soap opera debuted in 1963, and starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin until their respective deaths in the 1990s. Its current cast is led by Maurice Benard, who plays the mobster Sonny Corinthos.
Edmonia Lewis was an American artist who drew on the history of her African-American and Ojibwe parents to create iconic neoclassical marble sculptures in the late 1800s. For ten points each, Lewis sculpted a series of depictions of this fictional Ojibwe warrior and his wife, Minnehaha, who appear in a namesake “Song” written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Lewis created a shockingly realistic sculpture of this Egyptian pharaoh lying dead across her throne. This ruler committed suicide with an asp after losing the Battle of Actium.
Although many of her works have been destroyed, Lewis’s surviving masterpiece is a sculpture of this biblical woman, an Egyptian maidservant who was the mother of Abraham’s first son, Ishmael.
About one-third of the total production of this molecule is used to power a cell’s sodium-potassium pumps. For ten points each, Name this molecule, the “energy currency” of cells, produced by synthase enzymes in membranes of mitochondria.
ATP generation in mitochondria is accompanied by the release of six molecules of this waste gas for every glucose sugar consumed.
Most of the carbon dioxide is generated during this phase of cellular respiration in which acetyl-CoA [ah-see-tull coh-ay] is changed into molecules like succinate and fumarate, and the co-enzyme NADH is formed.
In this man’s “Letter from Jamaica,” he called upon European nations to aid in the fight for Latin American independence. For ten points each, Name this revolutionary leader who was known as “The Liberator” in much of South America. This man served as president of the independent state of Gran Colombia from 1819 to 1830.
Gran Colombia extended into this modern South American country. Bolıvar convened the Guayaquil Conference in a port city in this country southwest of its capital, Quito.
On June 15, 1813, Bolıvar issued a Decree proclaiming this violent end against the Spanish in South America. This decree guaranteed no harm would come to anyone who murdered a Spaniard or had previously done so.
In this play, Beneatha is criticized for straightening her hair, and is courted by George Murchinson and Joseph Asagai. For ten points each, Name this play by Lorraine Hansberry in which the Younger family move to an all-white neighborhood in Chicago.
A Raisin in the Sun takes its title from a Langston Hughes poem that asks “what happens to” one of these things “deferred.”
The poem “A Dream Deferred” is sometimes titled for this New York neighborhood. Hansberry and Hughes were part of a mid-twentieth-century “Renaissance” of Black art that was named for this neighborhood.
Answer these questions about the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, for ten points each. The angel Moroni delivered the location of this holy text, originally written in “reformed Egyptian,” to the founder of the LDS Church
The Latter Day Saint movement was founded in New York by this first leader of the church, who recorded the Book of Mormon.
Joseph Smith discovered the original text for the Book of Mormon on these objects, which he claimed to have found in the Hill Cumorah.
This man remarked on his friendship with Ulysses S. Grant, “He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always.” For ten points each, Name this Union general who, with Grant, captured the city of Vicksburg in 1863. The following year, this man embarked on a “March to the Sea.”
Sherman’s March to the Sea was a scorched earth campaign through this state. The march began in Atlanta and ended with the capture of this state’s port city of Savannah just before Christmas 1864.
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta just before the March to the Sea was perfectly timed to help Lincoln defeat this Democrat in the 1864 election.
This mathematical sequence was inspired by a model of rabbit population growth. For ten points each, Name this sequence that begins “one, one, two, three, five,” and continues to find each successive term by adding the two preceding terms.
The largest of this type of number in the Fibonacci sequence is its twelfth term, one hundred forty-four. The first five of these numbers are one, four, nine, sixteen, and twenty-five.
As the Fibonacci sequence goes on, the multiplicative ratio between each set of two consecutive terms approaches this value. This number, symbolized phi [fee], is equal to one plus its reciprocal.
Give the following about Belgian involvement in World War II, for ten points each. Belgium took this non-confrontational stance at the outbreak of World War II, as did Switzerland.
After the surrender of Belgium in 1940, the Belgian government evacuated from this capital city to form a government-in-exile in London.
The invasion of Belgium by German forces was part of their plan to bypass this series of fortifications on the Franco-German border.
Benjamin Franklin charted one of these phenomena in 1769 to explain why it took British ships several weeks longer to sail to New York than for American ships to sail to London. For ten points each, Name this type of oceanic movement. Franklin studied one of these called the Gulf Stream that carries warm water up the Eastern Seaboard before heading across the North Atlantic.
The Gulf Stream defines the western boundary of one of these large, circular ocean currents called the “North Atlantic” one. The “North Pacific” one of these contains the Great Garbage Patch.
The North Atlantic gyre experiences periodic oscillations similar to this South Pacific phenomenon with a masculine Spanish name. This climate event brings wet weather to South America and drought to Southeast Asia.
Answer the following about Frank Gehry, a Canadian-American architect who designed the “Dancing House” in Prague and the BP Pedestrian Bridge in Chicago’s Millennium Park, for ten points each. The Millennium Park in Chicago also contains another work by Gehry: a curved-sheet-metal pavilion named for this entrepreneur, the uncle of the current governor of Illinois.
not accept or prompt on “J.B. Pritzker” or “Jay Robert Pritzker”) Gehry also used curved sheets of metal to create a Los Angeles concert hall named for this California-based animation mogul.
Curved sheets of metal feature prominently in Gehry’s design for a Bilbao art museum named for this art collector. Frank Lloyd Wright designed an “inverted ziggurat” for an art museum in New York named for this man.
In a book about this event, Madame Schachter is beaten when she says she can see “flames” in a train crowded with Jewish people. For ten points each, Name this historical event during which Eliezer is transported with Madame Schachter to the Birkenau concentration camp.
Hitler”) Madame Schachter and Eliezer appear in this book by Elie Wiesel, based on his own experience in the Holocaust. Wiesel wrote about his life after the Holocaust in this book’s sequels, Dawn and Day.
Like Madame Schachter, this man is considered an “unheeded witness” in Night. This man escapes a Gestapo massacre, but his warnings about their atrocities are ignored by Eliezer’s community.
Name some members of the “Twenty-Seven Club,” a group of musicians nicknamed for their tragically early deaths, for ten points each. This guitarist died in 1970, after he wrote and recorded “Purple Haze” and played a heavily-distorted version of “The Star-Spangled Banner” at Woodstock.
This grunge star wrote songs like “Heart-Shaped Box,” “Come As You Are,” and “Smells Like Teen Spirit” for Nirvana before his 1994 death.
This singer won five Grammys for her 2006 album Back to Black, including Song of the Year for “Rehab.” After her 2011 death, a statue was erected in London in her honor.
To celebrate your eighteenth birthday, you’ve decided to go skydiving. Answer these questions about the physics of jumping out of an airplane, for ten points each. After initially accelerating towards the Earth, you will reach approximately fifty-five meters per second, the value for this maximum condition beyond which you will no longer gain speed.
Terminal velocity is the result of this force of air resistance that, like friction, opposes your motion. The field of aerodynamics is concerned with reducing this force on aircraft.
As you plummet towards Earth, the Earth experiences a negligible acceleration towards you because of this law of motion, in which you and the Earth form an action-reaction pair.
In this play, King Claudius convinces Laertes [lah-YER-teez] to duel the title man to the death. For ten points each, Name this Shakespeare play about the title prince of Denmark.
Hamlet plans to kill Claudius to avenge this crime, which Claudius had committed against Hamlet’s father before claiming the throne for himself.
While investigating his father’s murder, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius, the father of Laertes and this woman. This woman is driven mad by her father’s death and ultimately drowns herself.
Since 2012, part of this body of water has been officially defined by a bordering nation as the “West Philippine Sea.” For ten points each, Name this sea, a section of the Pacific Ocean, where the Nine-Dash Line marks a major territory claim.
The Nine-Dash Line marks a Chinese territory claim in the South China Sea. The claim includes a set of artificial islands, nicknamed the “Great Wall of Sand,” built on these natural, coral structures.
The Nine-Dash Line was originally claimed in the 1940s by the government of what is now this country, which is governed from Taipei.
A dock-worker named Crown murders Robbins, and is later killed by one of this opera’s title characters. For ten points each, Name this opera in which Clara sings the lullaby “Summertime” to her baby in Catfish Row.
This twentieth-century American composer worked with his brother, a lyricist named Ira, to write Porgy and Bess and popular songs like “Embraceable You” and “I Got Rhythm.”
Without his brother, George Gershwin composed a jazz-influenced Rhapsody in this color. A musical genre named for this color often uses melancholy lyrics and a shuffling, “swung” rhythm.
It’s time to perform that classic of the high school chemistry lab: coffee cup calorimetry. Answer these questions about the process, for ten points each. By measuring the temperature change when a known mass of ice liquefies in water, you can calculate this quantity, the energy needed per unit mass for melting.
fusion; prompt on “enthalpy of transition”) Depending on the lab, you may need to add 273.15 to your measured temperatures to convert from degrees Celsius to this absolute scale with symbol K.
Your coffee cup calorimeter can be used to find the heat released by this type of acid-base reaction, such as when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide combine to form sodium chloride and water.
Folklore is full of spooky, humanoid creatures that feed on unsuspecting people. Name some such creatures from around the world, for ten points each. In European folklore, these creatures could conceal themselves as people for most of the month, but transformed into howling predators during the full moon.
In North American Ojibwe lore, these skeletal creatures fed on human flesh. In some stories, they could infect humans and force them to become cannibals.
In Arabian stories, these demons dwelt in graveyards and consumed the bodies of the dead. In other stories, these hoof-footed, evil jinns lured travelers to their deaths in the desert, like the similar sila.
On March 29, 1960, the New York Times published a full-page ad seeking support for Martin Luther King and civil rights in the south called “Heed Their Rising Voices.” For ten points each, The ad was signed by dozens of activists, including this future Chairman of SNCC [“snick”] who was badly beaten on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965. This man served in the House, representing Georgia, until his July 2020 death.
L.B. Sullivan, the police commissioner of this capital city of Alabama, sued the Times for publishing accidental inaccuracies in “Heed Their Rising Voices.” Ultimately, the Supreme Court unanimously rejected his lawsuit.
The Supreme Court ruled that, because Sullivan was a public official and there was no actual malice behind the inaccuracies, they did not constitute this crime. For private citizens, this act of saying or writing falsehoods that harm another person’s reputation can be a crime with or without malice.
The hashtag #mintthecoin [mint the coin] gained popularity as Republicans refused to increase this quantity. For ten points each, Name this quantity, the amount of money owed by the U.S. government. The limit, or “ceiling,” on this quantity must be periodically raised by Congress to allow the government to continue paying off this quantity.
If the debt ceiling crisis is not averted, the government would fail to pay its debts on time, a situation named this. A bankruptcy court may supervise people if they do this on their loans.
“bankruptcy”) The #mintthecoin movement urges this current Secretary of the Treasury to avoid default by minting a trillion-dollar platinum coin and deposit it with the Federal Reserve. This woman served as chair of the Fed from 2014 to 2018.
This poem asks the title animal, “dost thou know who made thee?” and compares the title creature to Jesus. For ten points each, Name this poem from the collection Songs of Innocence. This poem’s title animal has “softest clothing wooly bright.”
This poet included “The Lamb” in his Songs of Innocence, and wrote about another animal “burning bright / in the forests of the night.”
In this poem from the collection Songs of Experience, Blake asks the title animal, “did he who made the Lamb make thee?” and questions “what immortal hand or eye / dare frame thy fearful symmetry?”
Name some World War II leaders, for ten points each. This man led America for most of the great depression and the majority of World War II, but died before victory was declared. He is the only US president to serve four terms.
This leader coined the term “iron curtain” to describe a barrier between western and eastern Europe and gave his famous “this was their finest hour” speech prior to the Battle of Britain.
This leader of China agreed to work with his Communist rivals to fight Japan following the Xian [shee-ahn] incident. After World War II, this leader of the Kuomintang [kwoh-min-tang] lost to Mao Zedong and was forced to flee to Taiwan.
This poem’s first stanza begins, “’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / did gyre and gimble in the wabe.” For ten points each, Name this poem by Lewis Carroll in which an unnamed hero “took his vorpal sword in hand” to defeat the title “burbling” monster.
In the novel Through the Looking Glass, Alice asks this children’s character to explain “Jabberwocky” to distract him after she insults him by calling him an egg and questioning whether “all the king’s horsemen” would actually put him together again.
While trying to explain “Jabberwocky,” Humpty-Dumpty tells Alice that “slithy” is one of these words, since it combines “lithe” and “slimy.”
Specially-developed airplanes called the Chicago and the New Orleans, designed for distance flight, were the first in aviation history to complete this achievement. For ten points each, Describe this feat. With Fred Noonan, an aviator attempting this action disappeared near Howland Island in 1937.
Fred Noonan disappeared during this female pilot’s attempt to fly around the world. This aviator was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
In 1935, Earhart completed the first successful solo flight to Oakland, California from this location. Earhart’s flight broke a streak of disasterous attempts to reach this location from California that included a deadly 1927 race sponsored by the Dole company.
A feud with his former teacher, Walther Nernst, may explain why this chemist never won the Nobel Prize despite being nominated forty-one times. For ten points each, Name this America chemist who defined acids as electron-pair acceptors and whose namesake dot diagrams can be used to predict the shape of molecules.
Lewis dot diagrams only keep track of these electrons found in an atom’s outer shell. Carbon has four of these electrons, and oxygen has six.
Lewis used his diagrams to show that most atoms form bonds in order to achieve this number of valence electrons according to the octet rule.
This author wrote about Frederic Henry’s tragic relationship with Catherine Barkley, and about the impotent Jake Barnes, who pursues Lady Brett Ashley. For ten points each, Name this American author of A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises.
Frederic Henry and Jake Barnes are both soldiers in this 1910s war, in which Hemingway served as an ambulance driver.
Hemingway observed the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, and used it as the backdrop for this novel. This novel follows Robert Jordan, a soldier assigned to dynamite a bridge.
Answer the following about some similar-looking flags, for ten points each. This country’s flag is a white cross on a red background. This country celebrates the legend of its flag’s creation on Valdemar’s Day.
A yellow cross on a blue background makes up the flag of this country, which is the homeland of UN Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold [“hammers”-kyold].
Denmark and Sweden’s flag style, a cross on a solid background, is common among countries in this northern European region. Scottish separatists joke about joining this group of countries.
The term “Goldilocks zone” describes the possible orbits around a star where conditions are just right for a planet to support this substance. For ten points each, Name this liquid compound, sometimes called the universal solvent, that is thought to be a necessary precondition for the existence of life.
Though it is outside the Sun’s Goldilocks zone, this smallest Galilean moon may have liquid oceans beneath its icy surface due to its proximity to Jupiter.
The size of the Goldilocks zone affects the ne[N-sub-E] term of this astronomer’s equation. This equation includes the fraction of stars with planets and the fraction of civilizations with advanced technology to estimate the chance of contacting alien life.
Answer the following about British poetry for children, for ten points each. This toy appears in A.A. Milne poems like “The Friend” and “Us Two,” in which Christopher Robin declares “wherever I am, there’s always” this stuffed bear.
This author wrote the collection Appley Dapply’s Nursery Rhymes and stories for children about Jemima Puddle- Duck, Mrs. Tiggy-WInkle, Peter Rabbit, and Squirrel Nutkin.
This author wrote that there was “never a name to go down to fame / compared with that of Toad” about the owner of Toad Hall, the main character of this author’s The Wind in the Willows.
This era’s policies were supported by the scalawags, and drew numerous carpetbaggers to the American South. For ten points each, Name this period in American history that began with the Civil War and ended with the Compromise of 1877.
The first of the Reconstruction Amendments is this one, which replaced the Emancipation Proclamation and banned slavery in the United States.
Another Reconstruction Amendment, the Fifteenth, banned racial discrimination against people participating in this process, by which citizens express their will by casting ballots.
Many Antarctic fish only survive in the subfreezing water because their blood contains antifreeze proteins. Answer these questions about other ways in which the properties of water affect life, for ten points each. Because of water’s high heat capacity, humans can stay cool by evaporating this secretion from their skin. Dogs pant when hot instead of producing this liquid.
Because water gets denser as it cools to four degrees Celsius, lakes experience this process twice each year when cool water layers sink and warm layers rise, bringing nutrients with them.
Along with cohesive force, this process of evaporation from leaves allows a continuous chain of water molecules to travel up a plant’s stem.
The angst between political parties is not a new development in American politics. For ten points each, Name this man who argued against the establishment of political parties in his 1796 Farewell Address, which he wrote as he retired to Mount Vernon after serving two terms as President.
While campaigning for the progressive Bull Moose party in 1912, this former US president lamented that American political parties have “become the tools of corrupt interests.”
Joshua Norton, a resident of this western city, proclaimed himself Emperor of the United States and, in 1869, issued a decree banning the Democratic and Republican parties. Norton also issued a decree ordering a suspension bridge be built to connect this city and Oakland, which eventually did happen.
Berthe Morisot [bayr-tuh moh-ree-soh] was one of the “grand dames” of a group that a contemporary art critic called “five or six lunatics,” who became known as the Impressionists. For ten points each, The “grand dames” of Impressionism are Morisot, Marie Bracquemond [mah-ree brah-kah-mawnd], and this American woman who painted The Boating Party.
Morisot and Cassatt frequently painted these people. Morisot painted these people with older relatives in On the Balcony and The Cradle, and Cassatt painted one of these people having a foot washed by a woman in a blue striped dress.
accept The Child’s Bath) Though many of the Impressionists preferred to work with large dabs of oil paint, Morisot was a master of this method of painting, which uses paint or ink in a namesake wet suspension. This painting method is common in elementary school art classes.
Brownian motion was first described as the motion of this substance in a drop of water. For ten points each, Name this powdery substance that may be carried by insects or the wind from plant to plant, a vital step in plant reproduction.
Pollination begins when pollen produced in this male reproductive organ reaches the stigma. This organ is comprised of the anther and filament.
Flowers use these brightly colored, modified leaves to attract pollinators.
In this novel, Emily Shelby is unable to stop her husband from selling the title man; later, Marie St Clare prevents the title man from gaining his freedom by selling him to Simon Legree. For ten points each, Name this novel that follows the life of the title American slave, who is killed on Simon Legree’s orders. Harriet Beecher Stowe subtitled this novel Life Among the Lowly.
Marie St Clare’s sister-in-law, Ophelia, is a northern woman who claims to support this political cause, even though she reacts negatively to the novel’s black characters. Stowe hoped her novel would inspire her readers to see slaves as humans and support this cause.
In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, this woman runs away from the Shelby family when she overhears that they plan to sell her son, Harry, along with Tom. With Harry and her husband, George, this woman escapes to freedom in Canada, where she reunites with her mother, Cassy.
Give the following about math class supplies that predate the graphing calculator, for ten points each. Classical mathematicians commonly studied geometry problems with just a straight-edge and this drawing device, which guides a pencil to draw circular arcs.
This device, which is usually produced as a transparent plastic half-circle, measures angles and is commonly used with the compass in geometry class.
Engineers may be familiar with the set square, which provides straight-edges at a right angle to each other. Its interior is a traceable outline that, commonly, gives this acute angle, whose sine is equal to half of the square root of two.
At Ragnarok, this god will kill and be killed by Garm, the guard dog of Hel. For ten points each, Name this one-handed Norse god of war.
Tyr lost his hand trying to bind this creature, who bit his hand off. At Ragnarok, this enormous wolf will swallow Odin whole.
In the Prose Edda, this god of mischief is described as the father of Fenrir, the Midgard Serpent Jormungandr [YOHR-mun-gon-dur], and Hel herself.
This empire’s control of Britannia was shaky at best in the first and second centuries CE. For ten points each, Name this ancient European empire which built Hadrian’s Wall in what is now northern England. Boudica led an uprising against this empire in 60 CE that forced one of its generals, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, to abandon an entire city.
Suetonius abandoned this city, the major trade hub of Britannia, in order to regroup his forces. Boudica’s troops burned this city to the ground, and archaeologists have found burned Roman debris at sites along the Thames [tems] River here.
The initial success of Boudica’s uprising almost convinced this emperor to withdraw the Romans from Britannia entirely. This son of Agrippina and last emperor from the Julio-Claudian dynasty was criticized for supposedly playing music while Rome burned in 64 CE.
In the music video for this song, the singer is dressed as an order of french fries and hugs a woman dressed as a hamburger, symbolically ending a five-year-long feud. For ten points each, Name this song, the second single off an album that put all eighteen of its tracks on the Billboard Hot 100 when it debuted in August 2019. This song’s lyrics ask “Like, can you just not step on my gown?”
This singer of hits like “Delicate” and “Shake It Off” released the album Lover, including “You Need to Calm Down,” in 2019.
Swift, wearing the french fries costume, hugs this pop star at the end of the “You Need To Calm Down” video. Many critics speculated that Swift’s song “Bad Blood” was about this singer.
This novel’s protagonist takes Sancho Panza with him on a journey to do glorious deeds in the name of his lady-love. For ten points each, Name this Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes, in which the title man rides out on his tired old horse, Rocinante, and imagines he is battling giants.
Don Quijote of La Mancha) When Don Quixote [kee-HOH-tay] is convinced he and Sancho Panza are battling giants, he is really attacking the sails of these small buildings, used to grind grain into flour.
Don Quixote gives this name to Aldonza Lorenzo, the woman he believes is his noble-born love, but who is really a farm girl who doesn’t know that she is the focus of Quixote’s madness.
These devices contain a cathode and anode immersed in electrolytes and are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. For ten points each, Name these devices. The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three scientists who developed a rechargeable lithium-based type of this device.
This Italian physicist created the first battery by stacking alternating zinc and silver disks separated by soaked cloths. The SI unit of electric potential was named in honor of this man.
The term “battery” was coined by this American inventor who theorized an early battery as a collection of Leyden jars. This man’s other thought experiments involving electricity include a rather dangerous one involving a key and a kite.
This holiday is celebrated over three days, beginning with the sighting of the new moon on the first of Shawwal. For ten points each, Name this Islamic holiday that marks the end of a month of fasting with lavish celebrations and feasting.
prompt on, but do not otherwise reveal, “the end of Ramadan;” do not accept or prompt on “Ramadan” alone; do not accept “Eid al-Adha”) Eid Al-Fitr comes immediately after this ninth month of the Islamic calendar, characterized by prayer and fasting from sunrise until sunset.
During Ramadan, Muslims are encouraged to read the entirety of this book, the central religious text of Islam.
A key part of this speech called for German troops to leave Belgium and allow it to be its own country. For ten points each, Name this 1918 presidential speech that outlined, and is named for, a proposed peace solution for Europe and the United States after World War I.
The Fourteen Points speech was given by this twenty-eighth US president. After this president suffered a stroke in his second term, his wife Edith took over many of his responsibilities.
The last and most important of Wilson’s Fourteen Points was the creation of this peacekeeping world organization, which sought to protect all countries. The US never joined this organization, which failed to prevent World War II and dissolved shortly after.
These institutions may be subject to a “reserve requirement,” limiting the amount of their deposits that can be used in their lending business. For ten points each, Name this type of institution that generally profits on the difference in interest rates between the loans it provides and the savings deposits it holds.
Most commercial banks in the United States are members of this central banking system and must hold their deposits at one of its twelve regional banks across the country. Jerome Powell is the current Chair of this system.
The reserve requirement is also known as the ratio of this concept, a measurement of how easily an asset can be sold without losing value. Stores that are going out of business may have sales named for this concept, since they are trying to convert their remaining inventory into cash.
The WC-130 is a Lockheed airplane modified for collecting data from these events. For ten points each, Name these meteorological events which are “hunted” by WC-130 pilots, who fly in and out of their eyewall while collecting pressure and wind speed data.
depression; prompt on “(thunder)storm”) This US governmental agency, which operates the National Weather Service and National Ocean Service, employs a team of hurricane hunters to gather data for forecasting. In 2019, officials in this agency were threatened if they didn’t support Donald Trump’s mistaken claim that Hurricane Dorian would hit Alabama.
Hurricanes are classified on the Saffir-Simpson scale, which uses this classification for the most severe storms. A hurricane must have sustained winds of at least one hundred fifty-seven miles per hour to reach this status.
Svalbard, an archipelago of this country, is one of the northernmost inhabited places in the world. For ten points each, Name this European country known for its numerous fjords [f’yords]. Its capital is Oslo.
Norway is a part of this geographic and ethnic region, along with Sweden and Denmark. It shares its name with the peninsula containing Norway and Sweden.
Oslo sits on a fjord that empties into the Skaggerak, a strait connecting the Baltic Sea to this sea east of Britain.
This bonus takes us to fair Verona. Answer some questions about a Shakespeare play about the conflict between the houses of Capulet and Montague, for ten points each. In the play, this young man from the house of Montague falls in love with the thirteen-year-old daughter of the opposing house of Capulet, Juliet.
This man is neither a Capulet nor a Montague, but is Romeo’s friend. This man delivers the Queen Mab speech and is stabbed by Juliet’s cousin Tybalt in a duel.
Juliet and Romeo are married in secret by this man, who hopes the marriage will reconcile their houses. This man suggests that Juliet fake her death to avoid marrying Count Paris.
This city’s northern entrance was through the blue Ishtar Gate, built during its revival under Nebuchadnezzar. For ten points each, Name this ancient city that served as capital for Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar in two different empires named for it.
Nebuchadnezzar ordered the creation of this Babylonian structure, the only one of the seven ancient Wonders of the World whose location and existence hasn’t been completely confirmed. This structure may have featured stacked terraces of plants and wildlife.
Babylon was located along the banks of this river that, along with its companion the Tigris River, was the source of water for much of Mesopotamia.
An essay about this man’s “Literary Offenses” criticized his novel Deerslayer for a scene in which Chingachgook finds tracks in a streambed that somehow haven’t been washed away by the stream, and derided his novel Pathfinder for a scene in which Hawk-eye performs a completely impossible act of marksmanship. For ten points each, Name this author who included Deerslayer and Pathfinder in his Leatherstocking Tales, a series of books about frontiersman Natty Bumppo.
This novel is chronologically the second of the Leatherstocking Tales series. In this novel, Magua kidnaps Cora Munro and then stabs Uncas in the back, leaving Uncas’s father, Chingachgook, alone.
This American author criticized Deerslayer and Pathfinder in the essay “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offenses,” and was himself the author of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
This group of elements is the only one that has members in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms at room temperature. For ten points each, Name this highly reactive group of elements found just left of the noble gases on the periodic table.
This lightest halogen is the most electronegative element on the Pauling scale. This element is used in toothpaste and drinking water to prevent cavities.
This seventeenth element on the periodic table is commonly used to disinfect swimming pools.
Metronomes are tools used to set and maintain this concept in music. For ten points each, Give this term defined as the speed of music. This concept can be measured in beats per minute and is described by Italian terms such as adagio and presto.
This Italian word, translated as “cheerful,” describes tempos faster than moderato and slower than presto.
Music in a faster tempo often substitutes common time with this other time signature, written as a C with a slash through it.
A current theory states that these objects emit thermal radiation that slowly decreases their size until they disappear. For ten points each, Name these massive, dense objects formed from supernovas. Their gravitational pull is strong enough to absorb light.
This invisible barrier, defined by the Schwarzschild radius, is the boundary within which nothing can escape the black hole’s gravity. At this point, the escape velocity is equal to the speed of light.
This scientist proposed the theory of disappearing black holes and is the namesake of the radiation that causes black holes to evaporate. This author of A Brief History of Time, died in 2018 after living with ALS for decades.
In some legends, the crew of this ship included Atalanta and Theseus, and they were led by a hero who lost a sandal while helping a disguised Hera cross a river. For ten points each, Name this ship, whose crew sailed to Colchis to help their leader fulfill a quest and take the throne of Pelias.
The Argo was captained by this Greek hero, who was helped by the sorceress Medea in his quest.
To retake the throne that Pelias had stolen from him, Jason led the Argonauts on a quest to obtain this object from Colchis.
Name these performers who were at the 2019 Lollapalooza, for ten points each. This pop singer headlined Lollapalooza with the first live performance of her new song “Boyfriend,” which she followed up with performances of “Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I’m Bored” and “7 Rings.”
This rapper, the star of the TV show Atlanta, headlined Lollapalooza with his hit “This is America.”
This trio of brothers made their Lolla debut with their hits “100 Bad Days” and “Sober Up.” They rose to fame when their song “Weak” made the Billboard Top 100.
This story’s protagonist is depressed by receiving an invitation to Minister Ramponneau’s party, but is cheered up when her husband uses money he had saved for a rifle to pay for her new dress instead. For ten points each, Name this short story in which Mathilde Loisel [mah-teeld l’wah-zell] borrows the title piece of jewelry from Madame Forestier and then spends ten years working to replace it after losing it at the dance.
“The Necklace” is by this French writer, whose other short stories include “Ball of Fat,” “Useless Beauty,” and “The Horla.”
In “The Horla,” an unnamed narrator keeps a diary of his strange experiences with an unseen monster that feeds off of his life energy during the night, and compares the Horla to one of these legendary creatures that survive by drinking blood.
Eliza Lucas Pinckney revolutionized this colony’s agricultural industry by promoting indigo as a cash crop. For ten points each, Name this southern US state where the abolitionist Grimke sisters, Sarah and Angelina, were born in Charleston.
Emily Geiger is known as South Carolina’s heroine of the Revolutionary War for bravely riding a message from Nathanael Greene to this Patriot militia leader. This man was honored as the namesake of a fort in Charleston Harbor where, in 1861, the opening shots of the Civil War were fired.
she still delivered the message!) Secret abolitionist and South Carolina native Mary Boykin Chesnut wrote a diary and memoir of the Civil War, including the opening shots at Fort Sumter and her experiences with this Confederate President, whom her husband had served as an aide.
This quantity depends in large part on the material of an object; rubber is an insulator and will have a typically high value for this quantity. For ten points each, Name this quantity that measures opposition to flowing electric current. This quantity is measured in ohms.
At very low temperatures, some materials can lose all electrical resistance, a property given this name. The 1972 Physics Nobel was awarded to Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer for developing BCS theory explaining this property.
Superconductivity was first observed at 4.2 Kelvin, a value very near this lowest possible temperature, where vibrational motion theoretically stops.
In one story by this author, books are considered illegal and are burned by firemen. For ten points each, Name this American science fiction author of Something Wicked This Way Comes and Dandelion Wine.
In this dystopian novel by Bradbury, Guy Montag flees his home and job as a fireman to help save books instead of burning them.
Many of Bradbury’s speculative short stories about space exploration are collected in this work, named for its themes of colonization of an inhabited extraterrestrial world.
This region has been governed by Hamas since 2007, when it pushed Fatah out of power and ended a unity government that administered this region and the West Bank. For ten points each, Name this coastal strip of land, roughly ten miles wide, along the eastern Mediterranean Sea. This strip of land is claimed by the State of Palestine, a claim disputed by a neighboring country.
This country controls almost all entry and exit from the Gaza Strip, bordering it on the south, east, and north. This country withdrew its army from Gaza in 2005, but continues to blockade it with Egypt.
Egypt controlled the Gaza Strip from 1949 to June 1967, when Israel captured it as part of this short war.
For ten points each, answer the following about lesser-known Constitutional amendments. The 12th Amendment changed the procedure by which this body determines the winner of presidential and vice presidential elections.
The 23rd Amendment doesn’t qualify as “lesser-known” in this geographic location, whose residents were given the right to vote in presidential elections by the amendment.
This amendment, ratified in just over three months in 1971, changed the voting age to eighteen years old.
The binomial coefficients are commonly arranged in a diagram that takes this shape and is named for a French mathematician. For ten points each, Name this shape, whose row of “one, two, one” is used to generate the next row of “one, three, three, one,” which is used to generate the next row of “one, four, six, four, one,” and so on.
Every number in a row of Pascal’s triangle is used twice in the additions needed to create the next row of the diagram. As a result, the sum of all the numbers in any row of Pascal’s triangle will always be this type of even number.
“square numbers”) The digits in the first several rows of Pascal’s triangle appear to be powers of this two-digit number; for example, 121 is this number squared.
In a novel by this author, investigator Porfiry Petrovich and Sonya Marmeladova try to persuade Raskolnikov to confess to the murders he has committed. For ten points each, Name this Russian author, who also wrote novels like Notes from the Underground and The Idiot, and who wrote about Ivan, Alexei, and Dmitri in The Brothers Karamazov.
Raskolnikov eventually confesses to murdering a pawnbroker and her sister and is exiled to Siberia in this novel by Dostoevsky.
Raskolnikov commits his crime in this Russian city on the Neva River. Alexander Pushkin wrote The Bronze Horseman about a statue of Peter the Great in this city, which has also been called Petrograd and Leningrad.
This composer wrote an unfinished rondo nicknamed “Rage Over a Lost Penny,” which Anton Diabelli finished after his death. For ten points each, Name this composer who wrote thirty-three piano variations on a waltz by Diabelli between 1819 and 1823. His piano bagatelle “Fur Elise” was not published before his 1827 death, and he was nearly completely deaf when he composed his ninth and final symphony.
Two of these works written by Beethoven for solo piano are nicknamed “Pathetique” and “Waldstein.” This musical form, which generally has an exposition, development, and recapitulation, is named from the Italian for “to play,” as opposed to a cantata, “to sing.”
Some sonatas have one of these ending sections following the recapitulation. In sheet music, a vertical oval with a plus-shaped crosshair tells the musician to skip to this section.
While these animals can move very small distances in their larval state, they are entirely sessile as adults. For ten points each, Name these simple, asymmetrical invertebrates that belong to the phylum Porifera. They are attached to the seafloor and consume nutrients via filtering.
Some sponges can reproduce asexually via this process in which an organism develops a growth of cells that will break off to form another organism. This process is also used by hydras.
Another sessile organism that uses budding for reproduction is this invertebrate in the class Anthozoa. As polyps, these animals form colonies called reefs.
A letter written to this man in 1934 proclaims “Even if my business hasn’t been strictly legal, it don’t hurt anything to tell you what a fine car you got in the V-8.” For ten points each, Name this American industrialist whose company introduced its first V-8 car in 1932, five years after it discontinued its landmark Model T.
The aforementioned letter was written by the male half of this couple, who became famous bank robbers in a gang with Henry Methvin and W.D. Jones before being killed in an ambush in 1934. First names are acceptable.
Bonnie and Clyde were killed in this state, having planned a rendezvous with other members of their gang in Bienville Parish. A posse planned the ambush in the nearby city of Shreveport in this state.
A supernatural being challenges this king’s knights in the Medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. For ten points each, Name this legendary king from the British Isles, who became king after pulling a sword from a stone. This man married Queen Guinevere and gathered his knights at the Round Table.
The mysterious and supernatural Green Knight who challenges Sir Gawain in the poem does so on the orders of this witch, Arthur’s sister, a diabolical sorceress who wants to frighten Queen Guinevere to death.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is usually believed to be the work of an unknown poet who also wrote this religious poem. This poem, based on the vulgate Bible of the time, is named for a precious gem “of great price” that has been lost by this poem’s narrator.
Give the following about the island of New Guinea, for ten points each. The island of New Guinea is separated from this continent to its south by the Torres Strait.
If your definition of island excludes Australia, New Guinea is the world’s second largest island, roughly half the size of this Danish autonomous territory northwest of Iceland.
The country of Papua New Guinea occupies the east half of the island; the west half of the island is the Papua province of this country. This country also controls the world’s most populous island, Java.
This artist’s younger brother, Theo, was an art dealer and often helped support this artist, who struggled to sell his paintings during his life. For ten points each, Name this artist who painted a billiard table in The Night Caf´ and depicted a wild, swirling sky inspired by his time in a mental asylum in the painting Starry Night.
Despite the later popularity of Starry Night, van Gogh thought that this painting was his best work. In this painting, five poor people huddle around a table, leaning over a plate of the title food.
In a more lighthearted painting that was likely a mockery of the teaching practices of the Royal Academy, van Gogh painted one of these things with a lit cigarette in its mouth.
The invention of this device in the fifteenth century led to a widespread increase in literacy rates throughout Europe, just as it did two centuries earlier in Korea. For ten points each, Name this invention whose movable type allowed for the mass production of books and other works.
This German goldsmith is credited with inventing the printing press in Europe.
Gutenberg’s first mass-printed work was a version of this text with forty-two lines to a page.
One of these beings was born from the left eye of her father, Izanagi [ee-zah-nah-gee], and is the older sister of Susano [soo-sah-noh]. For ten points each, Name these beings, the gods and supernatural spirits that are honored at shrines in Japan.
There are thought to be over eight million kami [kah-mee] in this animistic Japanese religion, whose shrines often include torii [toh-ree] gates.
This kami, the ancient goddess of the sun, is the most powerful deity in Shinto and is traditionally considered to be the ancestor of the imperial family.
Aqua regia is a mixture of two compounds that can dissolve several precious metals. For ten points each, Aqua regia is a mix of two of these compounds at a ratio of one part nitric to three parts hydrochloric.
Aqua regia is known for its ability to dissolve platinum and this precious metal with chemical symbol Au [spell it].
Aqua regia was commonly used by practitioners of this, a medieval precursor to chemistry that sought to transmute base metals into gold.
The most famous ruler of these people became known as the “Scourge of God” but was defeated at the Catalaunian Plains in 451 CE. For ten points each, Name this ethnic group that traveled throughout eastern Europe in the fourth through sixth centuries CE.
The Hunnic army was highly dependent on cavalry archers, who were mounted on these animals.
This king of the Huns invaded Gaul and Italy in the 450s CE and met with Pope Leo I, who convinced him not to sack Rome. He died on his wedding night in 453, supposedly of a bloody nose.
In the early 1700s, French translator Antoine Galland published a twelve-volume translation of this work, though his translation included numerous mistranslations, additions, and omissions. For ten points each, Name this work in which Scheherazade [sheh-hay-rah-zahd] prevents her execution by entertaining her king and husband, Shahryar, with a series of Middle Eastern folk tales, including the seven voyages of Sinbad the Sailor.
accept The Thousand and One Arabian Nights or One Thousand and One Arabian Nights; accept The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments; accept Les milles et une nuits) Galland added several stories by Syrian writer Hanna Diyab to his translation of the Thousand and One Nights, including one about this man, who marries the daughter of a sultan after coming into possession of an oil lamp that contains a genie.
Galland also added the story of this man, who becomes rich by learning that the password “Open Sesame” can open a magic cave where forty thieves store their treasure.
When subjected to this test, lithium produces pink colors while calcium produces orange. For ten points each, Name this laboratory test, a procedure that is used to detect the presence of metal ions in a sample.
Sodium and iron both produce this color when subjected to a flame test. This is also the color of unburned elemental sulfur.
The flame test often employs this lab device, developed by a German chemist. This device adjusts air and gas flows to control its flame.
Many of this civilization’s myths revolve around the Hero Twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque [hoo-nah-POO and sh’ba-lahn-KAY]. For ten points each, Name this civilization whose god Itzamma created their long-running calendar, and whose mythological origins are detailed in the Popul Vuh.
In the Popul Vuh, the Hero Twins defeated the lords of Xibalba, the Mayan underworld, in a ballgame match; the twins then became these two astronomical objects.
The Popul Vuh also contains the story of creation in which, after several failed attempts, the gods finally manage to create humanity out of this grain that grows abundantly in the Americas.
Answer the following about computer malware, for ten points each. Some malware is executed by users who are deceived into using a program or opening an e-mail attachment that appears useful. That kind of malware is known by this term, after a deceptive ancient Greek gift.
Trojan horse attacks may spread these malicious programs, which self-replicate by copying their code into other files on a computer. The name for this type of program was taken from the biological term for a non-living pathogen that infects living cells.
This type of malware is self-replicating like a virus, but unlike a virus transmits itself to other computers across a network. One of these programs, Stuxnet, was transmitted throughout computers in the Iranian nuclear program in a cyberattack roughly fifteen years ago.
An urban legend that virtuoso musician Niccolo Paganini underwent this action prevented his burial in a Catholic cemetery for over three decades. For ten points each, Name this heretical act that musicians have often claimed their rivals did in order to gain their talents. Blues musician Robert Johnson supposedly did this “at the crossroads” to gain his skill.
Paganini composed the twenty-four caprices and six concertos for this instrument. He was a master of this string instrument, which is smaller than a viola.
Paganini also mastered this other stringed instrument, which is not traditionally featured in the orchestra. As a blues musician, Robert Johnson played this instrument with a slide and, sometimes, a pick.
Give the following about Barack and Michelle Obama’s 2019 summer playlist, for ten points each. The playlist featured the song “Go” from this duo’s album Let’s Rock. This indie duo’s other albums include El Camino, Turn Blue, and Brothers.
Camila Cabello sings “I love it when you call me” [the title name] in this song, a collaboration with Shawn Mendes.
Unsurprisingly, this “song of the summer” by Lil Nas X is included. A remix of this song with Billy Ray Cyrus broke the record for longest time spent atop the Billboard Hot 100.
To protect itself from predators, this animal’s skin turns white in the winter. For ten points each, Name these small rodents whose habit of jumping off of cliffs during migration has led to the popular misconception that they commit mass suicide.
Lemmings live in this biome, where permafrost and low temperatures inhibit most tree growth. This biome is colder than the taiga.
Lemmings forage for grass, moss, and this symbiotic tundra organism, a combination of algae and fungi.
This author wrote romance novels under the pen name Mary Westmacott, but is better known for novels featuring characters like Tommy and Tuppence, a married pair of detectives-turned-spies. For ten points each, Name this English Queen of Crime, who wrote the long-running play The Mousetrap and a series of novels about the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot [ayr-KYOOL pwah-ROH].
Mallowan) In a novel largely set on this train, Poirotwah-ROH] solves the murder of the American Samuel Ratchett while traveling from Istanbul to Paris.
In addition to Poirot and Tommy and Tuppence, Agatha Christie frequently wrote about this English detective, a spinster resident of Saint Mary Mead who depends on her many years of human observation to solve crimes.
This woman captured Confederate property and helped free hundreds of slaves in an 1863 raid along the Combahee River. For ten points each, Name this abolitionist who escaped from slavery in 1849, then earned the nickname “Moses” by making over a dozen journeys to rescue family and friends.
Harriet Tubman was one of the most successful “conductors” of this secret system that transported escaping slaves to freedom in the North.
Tubman’s journeys became more dangerous in 1850 with the passage of this law, which required people in free states to assist in returning escaped slaves to the South.
A peaceful protest in this city in 2014 was named for the umbrellas that students used to avoid pepper spray. For ten points each, Name this Special Administrative Region where protestors recently took over an international airport over political disputes with their Communist rulers.
Hong Kong is governed under this country’s “One Country, Two Systems” policy, created in the 1980s by leader Deng Xiaoping [dung shaow-ping].
Protestors in Hong Kong were recently warned not to cross the “red line” of undermining Chinese sovereignty by this current president of China.
Great Britain was initially approached to take part in this event but declined, and the US delayed their part in this event until after the Civil War. For ten points each, Name this transaction that was agreed to on March 30th, 1867, in which the United States acquired over four hundred million acres of land from Russia for seven point two million dollars.
This Secretary of State negotiated the purchase of Alaska, which was controversial due to the seeming lack of resources in Alaska at the time; as such, the deal became known as this man’s “Folly.”
The purchase proved wise relatively quickly, as Alaska became the site of several of these economic booms. An 1848 one of these events started at Sutter’s Mill and caused a boom in California’s population.
In this novel, Cardinal Richelieu wants to start a war between Britain and France. For ten points each, Name this novel about d’Artagnan [dar-tan-yan] and a title group of soldiers composed of Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.
The Three Musketeers is by this French author of The Count of Monte Cristo.
Dumas continued the story of the three musketeers after the end of the original novel. In this work, originally the third section of the long novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, the musketeers and d’Artagnan help the title twin of Louis XIV [“fourteenth”], who is imprisoned and forced to conceal his identity.
This theory includes a set of ten field equations, named for their developer, that explain the geometry of gravitation and the curvature of spacetime. For ten points each, Name this theory of physics. It was published in 1915, a decade after a related theory described as “special.”
but do not otherwise reveal, “Einstein’s theory of relativity;” do not accept or prompt on “special relativity;” do not accept or prompt on “general theory of relativity”) This German scientist developed the theories of special and general relativity. One consequence of special relativity is the equivalence of mass and energy, which this scientist discovered followed the equation “e equals m c squared.”
One of the possible solutions of the Einstein field equations predicts this type of structure, which is also called an Einstein-Rosen bridge. These hypothetical “shortcuts” in spacetime have inspired countless science-fiction writers.
In Catholic tradition, Saint Peter was the first Bishop of Rome and, therefore, was the first person to hold this position. For ten points each, Name this religious office, the head of the Catholic church.
While trying to spread the influence of Christianity, Peter worked closely with this letter-writer, the author of epistles to groups like the Romans and Corinthians.
Paul also did missionary work with other early Christians. On one journey, he and Silas were imprisoned in Philippi, but were freed by an act of God in the form of this event.
French, German, Italian, and Romansh are all national languages in this country, although Romansh is not considered official. For ten points each, Name this central European country known for its neutrality.
While Zurich and Geneva are Switzerland’s two largest cities, this city was declared the Federal City, or capital, in 1848.
Switzerland is divided into twenty-six of these federal regions, including Bern, Uri, and Schwyz. These regions are somewhat analogous to states, and each has its own constitution.
This artist depicted Ruby Bridges walking to school against a wall covered with hate speech and splattered tomatoes in his painting The Problem We All Live With. For ten points each, Name this artist known for his depictions of American life, who included scenes of a Thanksgiving dinner and a man standing to speak in his Four Freedoms series.
Rockwell painted The Problem We All Live With for the centerfold of Look, a publication of this type. Earlier in his career, he illustrated less political covers for another of these publications, the Saturday Evening Post.
For a Memorial Day cover of The Saturday Evening Post, Rockwell took inspiration from a classic wartime poster to paint this World War II icon of the female working force.
This woman won the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize but could not accept it in person, as the ruling military junta held her under house arrest. For ten points each, Name this activist and politician who became State Counsellor of her country in 2016. Since her rise to power, she has been heavily criticized for her inaction against the persecution of the Rohingya people.
Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of this Southeast Asian country. This majority-Buddhist country commonly goes by either of two names, since the military government controversially changed the name in 1989.
The majority of the persecuted Rohingya ethnic group follow this religion. Many Rohingya refugees have fled to Bangladesh, where ninety percent of the country follows this religion.
Aristotle made an important early contribution to this field when he realized that whales are not fish. For ten points each, Name this biologic science of classification that arranges organisms into groups like orders and families. This system owes its modern form to Carolus Linnaeus.
The Whittaker system of taxonomy uses five of these large groups, including animal, plant, and fungi, that are bigger than a phylum.
Domains and kingdoms are the two most broad taxonomic ranks; this is the most basic rank. Modern humans are classified in the genus Homo and classified as sapiens in this rank.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author of the novel The House of the Seven Gables and the short story collection Twice Told Tales, set many of his works in colonial New England. For ten points each, Name this Hawthorne novel set in Puritan Boston, in which Hester Prynne is forced to wear the title mark, a red “A,” on her clothes as evidence of her adultery.
Hester Prynne is forced to wear the scarlet letter because she has an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale, a Puritan man with this job. In a story from Twice Told Tales, a man with this job wears a title “Black Veil” to conceal his face, likely due to a “secret sin” hinted at in a sermon.
Minister’s Black Veil; accept Reverend Mr Hooper; accept Father Hooper) In this short story from Twice Told Tales, the title Puritan man follows his wife, Faith, to a witches’ sabbath in the forest.
This man wrote about a man who prepares a bell and a series of complex levers to try to avoid the title fate in “The Premature Burial.” For ten points each, Name this American author of horror and mystery stories like “The Black Cat.”
In this Edgar Allan Poe short story, Fortunato is purposefully bricked into a wall by Montressor, who lures him to his death with the promise of the title wine.
In this other Poe short story, Madeline is entombed alive in the title family’s vault, but returns and shocks Roderick to death while their ancestral home crumbles around them.
The record for the largest known one of these numbers was broken in December 2018 via a distributed computing project called GIMPS. For ten points each, Name this type of number that, unlike composite numbers, cannot be evenly divided by any positive integer other than itself and one.
The last seventeen times that a new record-high prime number has been found, the prime has been this type of prime number, which is exactly one less than a power of two.
The record for largest-known prime number is always certain to be broken again, because this ancient Greek mathematician and author of the Elements proved that there are infinitely many prime numbers.
This sculptor planned forty sculptures for a work commissioned by Pope Julius II [the second] although, due to budget constraints, the finished work only includes six figures. For ten points each, Name this Italian Renaissance artist, who sculpted the Horned Moses for Pope Julius, and who painted The Creation of Adam on the ceiling of a Vatican chapel.
Michelangelo’s Horned Moses is one of the six sculptures that adorn this structure, which was eventually constructed after the death of Pope Julius.
answers like “memorial” or “final resting place” of Pope Julius II; do not accept “grave”) During a dispute with Pope Julius, during which work on the tomb was suspended, Michelangelo was commissioned to paint The Creation of Adam and other scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of this chapel in the Vatican.
This politician served as Woodrow Wilson’s Secretary of State, but resigned after the sinking of the Lusitania. For ten points each, Name this Populist American politician. While running for President, he argued for free silver and bimetallism in the American economy with his “Cross of Gold” speech.
Bryan ran on this party’s ticket in 1896, gaining Populist votes. This party was founded by Andrew Jackson and opposes the Republican Party.
This president defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 election. This president won the Spanish-American War and annexed Hawaii, but was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz [chol-gosh] in 1901.
These animals are the natural predators of balloons in the Bloons franchise. For ten points each, Name this type of animal. In a Sega franchise, one of these animals named Aiai [eye-eye] rolls around in a ball collecting bananas.
This sidekick to Donkey Kong is based on the original design for Donkey Jr. and wears a red hat and shirt. He starred in his own racing game for the Nintendo 64 and has been a playable fighter in the last three Smash games.
This MOBA game by Riot includes Wukong, The Monkey King as one of dozens of champions who fight in the three lanes and jungle of Summoner’s Rift.
These events are defined as a large drop in biodiversity in a short amount of time. For ten points each, Name this type of event in which large numbers of species are wiped out. These events define the boundaries between the Permian and Triassic periods and between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods.
The extinction event that ended the Cretaceous period is believed to have been caused by this type of event at a site on what is now the Yucatan Peninsula.
impact; accept equivalents, like “an asteroid and/or meteorite and/or comet hitting the Earth;” prompt on partial answers like “asteroid” or “meteor(ite)” or “comet” alone; do not accept any answer including “meteoroid”) The evidence for an asteroid impact includes the presence of this metallic element, whose atomic symbol is Ir [spell it], in the Earth’s crust at the age of the Cretaceous extinction.
Pierre Simon de Laplace [la-plahss] and Joseph Louis Lagrange [la-gronj] taught in this country during its late-eighteenth century revolution. For ten points each, Name this country whose other prominent scientists included Antoine Lavoisier, who was guillotined in 1794 during Maximilien Robespierre’s Reign of Terror in this country.
This number system was briefly used for timekeeping and the calendar during the French Revolution, but it didn’t catch on. The use of this number system was significantly more successful in the metric system.
One of the first French thinkers to propose “decimal time” was Jean le Rond d’Alembert [zhon leh ron dal-um-bayr], who co-edited this intellectual project with Denis Diderot. This Enlightenment-era work was a monumental attempt to collect all human knowledge.
In this novel, Annemarie Johansen transports a handkerchief coated in cocaine to her uncle Henrik to numb the noses of sniffer dogs. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Annemarie helps conceal her friend Ellen Rosen by pretending to be her sister while the Danish resistance works to free Danish Jews from the Nazis.
Number the Stars is by this Newbery Medal-winning author of The Willoughbys.
In this other novel by Lois Lowry, in which Jonas begins to see color after being assigned the title profession in a dystopian society.
The seventeenth-century doctor Jean Baptist van Helmont used this “theory” to “create” mice by placing a dirty shirt in a jar of wheat for twenty-one days. For ten points each, Name this now discredited theory which held that snakes, oysters, and other creatures were formed from water, mud, and other non-living parts of the environment.
Francesco Redi helped disprove spontaneous generation by showing that these creatures, the larvae of flies, only appeared on rotting meat after adult flies landed on it.
Many scientists still believed microbes were spontaneously generated until this man, the creator of the rabies and anthrax vaccines, performed his swan neck flask experiments.
In ancient times, Egyptians depicted their people and their pantheon in paintings within the pyramids. Answer the following about pyramid paintings, for ten points each. Two answers required. In a common pyramid painting, the goddess Nut [noot] is shown arching over the god Geb. Geb would be covered in leaves and Nut with stars, showing that they were the gods of these two domains.
Another common subject of pyramid paintings is this jackal-headed god, who weighs the hearts of the dead against the feather of Ma’at.
These people, considered to be descendants of Ra, are sometimes depicted wearing the double crown, called the pschent [p’skent]; other times, these people are shown wearing an ornate blue and gold headcloth called the nemes [NEH-mehs].
The popularity of the works of this composer of the oratorios Saint John Passion and Saint Matthew Passion was revived in the nineteenth century by Felix Mendelssohn. For ten points each, Name this composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Well-Tempered Clavier.
Bach’s Passion oratorios were written in this language, his mother tongue, because he set his music to the Luther Bible instead of a Latin translation. Johannes Brahms’ Requiem was written in, and named for, this language.
When he wasn’t reviving Bach works, Mendelssohn composed his own music, including incidental music for A Midsummer Night’s Dream by this much earlier playwright.
This scientist was the first person to have an element named after him while alive. For ten points each, Name this Berkeley chemist who discovered ten transuranium elements and is the namesake of element one hundred six.
This element discovered by Seaborg has atomic number ninety-six. It is named after a husband and wife pair of scientists who discovered polonium and radium.
Among Seaborg’s discoveries was element one hundred one, which was named in honor of this Russian chemist who is known as the “father of the periodic table.”
Name the following locations based on their public art designed by glass sculptor Dale Chihuly [chih-hoo-lee], for ten points each. This city commissioned the Chihuly Garden and Glass near several landmarks built for the 1962 World’s Fair, including the International Fountain and the Space Needle.
Chihuly’s Fiori di Como, a collection of thousands of glass flowers, is suspended from the ceiling in the lobby of the Bellagio hotel. The Bellagio, like numerous other casino resorts along a namesake “strip,” is technically in the town of Paradise but commonly referred to as part of this city in Nevada.
This medical center in Rochester, Minnesota is home to numerous chandelier sculptures by Chihuly, as well as the nation’s top ranked departments in several medical disciplines.
In a story by this author, the tiger Shere Khan seeks to destroy a boy named Mowgli who was adopted by a pack of wolves. For ten points each, Name this English author, who wrote about an Indian water-carrier saving a British soldier’s life in “Gunga Din.”
Mowgli eventually kills and skins Shere Khan in this collection of stories by Kipling that includes the tale of “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi.”
In this poem by Kipling, the narrator declares “you’ll be a Man, my son!” after giving his child advice on how to be a well-balanced adult.
A nine-story octagonal tower made of this material was located in Nanjing but was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion. For ten points each, Name this ceramic material used in pottery. In the fourteenth century, European traders fell in love with the blue-and-white decorated style of this material.
The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing was constructed during this Chinese dynasty, which exported blue and white porcelain vases to Europe. This dynasty ruled between the Yuan and Qing [cheeng] dynasties and fell in 1644.
Europeans began to obsess over the manufacturing process for porcelain after this Italian explorer returned from China on the Silk Road with samples of porcelain.
This man asked God to spare his nephew’s hometown from destruction if ten righteous people could be found within it. For ten points each, Name this biblical patriarch, who interceded on behalf of Lot’s hometown just after receiving a prophecy that he would become the father of Isaac with his wife, Sarah.
Abraham negotiated for the preservation of this sinful city, which God destroyed along with Gomorrah in a rain of fire.
Because of Abraham’s intercession, Lot was able to escape with his family, but only if they did not look back at the burning city as they fled. Lot’s wife disobeyed, and was transformed into a pillar of this material.
This man’s success with the Orinoco strain of a certain cash crop single-handedly made his colony profitable. For ten points each, Name this businessman and farmer who planted the first successful tobacco crops in Virginia.
Rolfe married this daughter of Chief Powhatan and brought her to England, where she lived under the Christian name Rebecca. This woman legendarily saved John Smith’s life as a young girl.
John Rolfe grew his tobacco in this Virginia colony, the first permanent settlement by the British in the New World. John Smith led this colony’s early growth, but was injured in summer 1609 and sailed back to England just before its infamous “Starving Time.”
Answer the following about similarly-named works of literature that describe dramatic changes, for ten points each. In this work by Franz Kafka, Gregor Samsa wakes up to discover he’s been transformed into an enormous insect-like creature, causing a great strain on his family.
The similarly-named Metamorphoses [meh-tah-mor-foh-SEEZ] is an ancient poem that chronicles the history of the world and mythological transformations. It was written by this Roman poet of the Ars Amatoria.
Another Latin author, Apuleius, also wrote a novel called Metamorphoses, though the book is more commonly titled for a “Golden” one of these horse-like animals. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, King Midas is cursed with the ears of this animal when he angers Apollo.
According to legend, when a student asked his professor who Satyendra Nath Bose was, the professor replied, “You don’t know who he was? Half the particles in the universe obey him!” For ten points each, Bose’s namesake bosons are studied in this branch of physics, which studies the mechanics of sub-atomic scales.
Bose-Einstein statistics explain why this balloon-filling element, the lightest of the noble gases, behaves like a superfluid at low temperatures.
A recent triumph of Bose quantum mechanics was the 2012 discovery of this “God particle,” a boson believed to give all matter its mass.
Running hokey campaign ads is, surprisingly, not one of the Constitutional requirements for someone to become US President. Answer the following about requirements for being president, for ten points each. The qualifications to become president are listed in Section One of this Constitutional article, which details the executive branch.
Article Two’s eligibility clause tries to protect the office of the President from foreign interference by dictating that the President must be this type of person. This three-word phrase is not defined by the Constitution, but courts have held that this status is determined by where someone is born, not by who their parents are.
Section One states that a natural born citizen must be at least this old, and have lived in the US for fourteen years, to be eligible to take office as President.
Give the following about triangular numbers, for ten points each. Triangular numbers get their name because they are usually represented in a diagram of dots that form this type of triangle, whose three sides are all of equal length.
According to a formula involving Mersenne primes, every known perfect number is a triangular number. This smallest perfect number is the third triangular number.
The sum of any two consecutive triangular numbers - like one and three, three and six, or six and ten - is always one of these numbers. This fact can be proven geometrically by careful arrangements of the two triangular diagrams.
Georgia’s Cobb County threatened to close several libraries to save just under three million dollars per year in 2018, just a few years after giving away almost four hundred million dollars to help build one of these buildings. For ten points each, Name this type of entertainment facility. The aforementioned example replaced one built in downtown Atlanta in 1996.
field) In 2015, this state’s former governor, Scott Walker, cut hundreds of millions of dollars in university funding, then months later pledged the same amount of money to fund a new arena for the Milwaukee Bucks.
The Flames still play in this largest city in Alberta, even though the National Hockey League publicly threatened to abandon this city if mayor Naheed Nenshi, an opponent of a new publicly-funded stadium, won re-election in 2017.
This monster’s mother is a witch who emerges from her home under a lake to seek revenge after a Geatish [GAY-tish] warrior pulls off this monster’s arm, killing him. For ten points each, Name this monster, the title creature of a John Gardner novel, who terrorizes the mead-hall Heorot [HAY-oh-roht] in an Old English epic poem.
Grendel and Grendel’s mother are both slain by the title hero of this Anglo-Saxon epic poem. This poem’s title warrior promises King Hrothgar [h’ROTH-gahr] that he will stop Grendel’s nightly raids on the hall Heorot.
In the poem Beowulf, the warrior Unferth gives Beowulf a magical and supposedly-infallible weapon of this type, named Hrunting [h’RUN-ting], to kill Grendel’s mother. When it inevitably fails, Beowulf uses a double-edged one of these weapons made by giants to kill her instead.
The 1895 Atlanta Compromise offered these people basic rights like vocational education and due process in exchange for not seeking the right to vote or agitating for better treatment in daily life. For ten points each, Name this minority class represented by Booker T. Washington, who announced the unofficial compromise in a speech at the Atlanta Exposition.
Booker T. Washington founded and led this institute, which supported the Atlanta Compromise by providing vocational training in Alabama.
The Atlanta Compromise was criticized as weak by W.E.B. Du Bois and other co-founders of this American civil rights organization. Thurgood Marshall represented this group in arguments before the Supreme Court, including Brown v. Board.
Thanks largely to this substance, World War II was the first conflict in which more American soldiers died in combat than from disease. For ten points each, Name this early antibiotic that was discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming in a Petri dish. This medicine is still used to treat syphilis, strep throat, and other infections.
Fleming discovered penicillin after noticing that his Petri dish, which had been left uncovered, had been contaminated by this general type of fungus. These growths commonly appear on spoiled bread or fruit.
Despite being Gram-positive, this Staphylococcus “superbug” has evolved to survive many penicillin derivatives and is a persistent threat in hospitals, nursing homes, and prisons.
In one myth, this trickster ties signal-ropes to his legs so his friends can tell him when they are each done cooking; when all the ropes are pulled at once, this figure’s eight legs are stretched long and thin. For ten points each, Name this long-legged mythical trickster and keeper of stories in Caribbean and early African-American folklore. This mythical figure originated in the myths of the Akan people in modern Ghana.
Though he is usually depicted as a humanoid trickster, Anansi often appears as one of these eight-legged creatures.
As a trickster, Anansi is often associated in American culture with this hare, the protagonist of many Uncle Remus stories.
This empire was severely weakened by a civil war declared by Huascar [h’wah-scar] against his reigning brother, Atahualpa [ah-tah-h’WAHL-pah]. For ten points each, Name this South American empire whose brief control over much of the Andes was ended by the conquistadors. This empire built a royal estate at Machu Picchu.
Conquistadors from this European nation conquered the Incas. This empire established colonies in all of Central America and most of South America.
This Spaniard led the war against the Incas and ordered the execution of Atahualpa, even though Atahualpa offered to give this man a room filled with gold.
While posing as Monsieur Madeleine, this man’s cover is blown when he demonstrates his immense strength by saving Fauchelevent [foh-shay-lay-vahn] from being crushed by a cart. For ten points each, Name this literary character, who poses as Fauchelevent’s relative in Paris after Inspector Javert discovers his identity. This man is saved by Bishop Myriel after serving a nineteen-year prison sentence.
Jean Valjean is pursued by the obsessed Inspector Javert in this novel. In this novel, Cosette and Marius fall in love, and the Friends of the ABC die at a barricade during the June Rebellion.
Les Mise´ables is by this French author of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
In this technique, an indicator like phenolphthalein [PHEEN-ol-THAY-leen] is used to determine the point of neutralization. For ten points each, Name this lab technique that is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution through the gradual addition of a known solution.
Phenolphthalein indicates a change in acidity by causing the sample to undergo this change. Litmus paper that is held in an acid will undergo this change when it is removed and placed in a base.
blue) When using a buret, students are generally taught to read the liquid level by measuring at the bottom of this curved surface of the liquid.
The longest American river that doesn’t reach the sea, the Bear River, flows through the southwest corner of Montana and southeast corner of Idaho before emptying into this body of water. For ten points each, Name this lake, the largest in America that isn’t part of the Great Lakes system.
The Great Salt Lake is, by far, the largest body of water in this western US state, whose capital is Salt Lake City.
The Great Salt Lake is a remnant of this ancient lake that stretched into Idaho and Nevada until a flood event and change in climate roughly fourteen thousand years ago. Another remnant of this lake is a large salt flat of the same name west of the modern Great Salt Lake.
This artist created a series of twenty-five paintings depicting haystacks in different lights and seasons. For ten points each, Name this French Impressionist who painted a distinct orange sun in the background of a painting of a Sunrise set in Le Havre harbor.
The haystacks Monet depicted were located in this French commune where Monet also owned a cottage and an extensive garden with a green, Japanese-style bridge.
Monet painted approximately two hundred fifty depictions of these flowers near the bridge in his Giverny garden.
Give the following about the island of Rhodes, for ten points each. Rhodes is the largest of the Dodecanese Islands, a group of islands in the eastern Aegean Sea controlled by this European country, whose other islands include Lesbos and Crete.
Rhodes was home to this ancient Wonder of the World, a massive statue of Helios that collapsed in a third century BCE earthquake.
The Knights Hospitaller, who were based in Rhodes starting in 1310, were given a papal charter after this eleventh century conflict. This military campaign was called by Pope Urban II in 1095 as aid for the Byzantines against the Turks.
Answer these questions about the life of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, for ten points each. According to legend, Gautama’s birth was foretold by his mother’s dream that a white one of these animals with six tusks and holding a lotus in its trunk entered her right side.
Gautama lived his early life as a spoiled prince, then became an ascetic beggar, and finally preached this practice, the principle of living moderately.
After eating a meal made by a blacksmith, the Buddha died and passed into this deathless state, the final stage of enlightenment, when a person has escaped from the cycle of rebirth.
A land ruled by the Nome King lies east of this land, separated from Winkle Country by the Deadly Desert. For ten points each, Name this fictional land whose Quadling Country, Gillikin Country, and Munchkin Country are governed from the central Emerald City.
The Land of Oz was created by this American author who wrote about Dorothy, a girl from Kansas, exploring the fictional world in The Wizard of Oz.
In Baum’s novels, Dorothy becomes a close friend of this rightful ruler of Oz, who spent her childhood transformed into a boy to prevent her from taking the throne.
Upon announcing evidence of tiny changes in this radiation, George Smoot noted its importance by saying “if you’re religious, it’s like looking at God.” For ten points each, Name this type of very faint radiation that is found throughout outer space at a color temperature of 2.726 Kelvin. Studies of this radiation are vital in cosmology.
Cosmic microwave background radiation is a remnant of this event, which is theorized to have happened roughly thirteen point eight billion years ago at the beginning of the universe.
The cosmological principle, an important assumption in Big Bang theory, includes the idea that on a large scale, the universe is the same for all observers, a property given this name. This term, from the Greek for “same kind,” is also used in physical science to describe mixtures that are the same throughout.
Nineteenth century British economist David Ricardo argued in favor of this activity and explained how a country’s “comparative advantage” could be used to prosper from it. For ten points each, Name this activity, which Ricardo argued should be carried out without tariffs.
Goods that are sold internationally are known by one of two terms, based on whether your country is sending or receiving the foreign good. Give either term.
If a country exports less value than it imports, it has a negative trade balance and is operating in this situation, contrasted with a trade surplus.
This novel’s title character builds a cross on the “Island of Despair” and inscribes the date “30th September 1659” to commemorate the day he came ashore. For ten points each, Name this novel in which the title shipwrecked castaway befriends and then sells the slave Xury before getting stranded on an island for twenty-eight years.
Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner) Robinson Crusoe gets back to his old tricks on the Island of Despair. After saving this man from cannibals, Crusoe names him after a day of the week, forces him to convert to Christianity, and indentures him as a servant.
Robinson Crusoe is by this English author of Moll Flanders and A Journal of the Plague Year.
This lawyer prosecuted Richard Lawrence, the attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson, and he was briefly and politely held captive on the HMS Tonnant in 1814 after negotiating with the British. For ten points each, Name this man best known for a patriotic poem he wrote after he witnessed the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812.
Key described the “rockets’ red glare” and “the bombs bursting in air” during the bombardment in his poem, “The Defense of Fort McHenry,” which is now commonly sung as this patriotic song.
Fort McHenry defended the harbor of this eastern US city, which was named after the noble title of Cecil Calvert, the founder of a colony for Catholics.
In 1947, Chuck Yeager flew the Glamorous Glennis at a speed of Mach 1.05, becoming the first pilot to break this barrier. Answer some questions about his flight, for ten points each. Mach 1, about three hundred forty-three meters per second in air, is the speed of this phenomenon that humans cannot hear above twenty thousand Hertz.
The harmonic sounds produced by a musical instrument are multiples of a fundamental one of these quantities, the number of vibrations per second.
A singer can shatter a wine glass when their voice achieves this type of frequency, the glass’s naturally occurring vibration.
A solo for this instrument opens the tone poem Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For ten points each, Name this woodwind instrument, a larger relative of the piccolo.
This French composer of “Clair de Lune” wrote Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun in 1894.
The descending and ascending flute solo in Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun is often described by this term. A major scale includes seven different notes, but this type of scale will include ascend through all twelve semitones.
In a poem about this war, titled “Counter-Attack,” Siegfried Sassoon wrote about “Lewis guns well placed / and clink of shovels deepening the shallow trench.” For ten points each, Name this “War to End All Wars” that ravaged Europe in the early twentieth century.
Siegfried Sassoon was a friend and mentor of Wilfred Owen, the author of this poem that begins “War broke.” This poem describes a “foul tornado, centered at Berlin,” and is titled for the first year of World War I.
John McCrae’s poem “In Flanders Fields” popularized the use of this flower in “remembrance” of the war. These flowers, which “blow / between the crosses, row on row” in the poem, are still worn to commemorate fallen British commonwealth soldiers.
After being accused of being unfaithful to her husband, a character in this work successfully walks into fire to prove her innocence. For ten points each, Name this ancient Sanskrit epic that focuses on the title prince rescuing his wife Sita from Ravana.
Prince Rama is the seventh avatar of this Hindu preserver god. This god forms the Trimurti [tree-moor-tee] with Brahma and Shiva.
Rama is helped in his attempt to rescue Sita by Hanuman, one of these animals, who uses his tail to set fire to Ravana’s palace. In illustrations of the Ramayana, Hanuman is often modeled after a Rhesus one of these animals.
Name the following actors who have portrayed Sherlock Holmes, for ten points each. This comic actor played Holmes, opposite John C. Reilly’s Watson, in the truly awful 2018 film Holmes and Watson. He was nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor, but lost to Donald Trump.
This English actor played a retired Holmes in 2015’s Mr. Holmes and played Gandalf in Peter Jackson’s Lord of the Rings trilogy.
This actor starred in the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes and its 2011 sequel, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Having finished his Marvel commitments as Tony Stark, it is reported that this man will star in a 2021 Holmes film.
This artist turned her attention to exposing social injustice after taking her camera down to the street near her New York apartment and photographing a bread line on a whim. For ten points each, Name this American photographer who created One Nation, Indivisible and Migrant Mother.
Dorothea Lange’s photograph Migrant Mother showcases the struggles of working-class Americans during this historical period. Lange’s picture A Sign of the Times shows the heavily-mended stockings of a stenographer who couldn’t afford new clothes during this extreme economic downturn.
Lange’s One Nation, Indivisible, which shows schoolchildren reciting the Pledge of Allegiance, protested the forced relocation of American citizens to these institutions in the 1940s. Many of Lange’s photographs were taken at Manzanar, one of these institutions created to house Americans of Japanese descent in California.
Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented the first one of these devices at Bell Labs in 1947. Soon afterward, these devices replaced the vacuum tube as switches in electronic computers. For ten points each, Name this electronic circuit component that modifies a signal, either by switching it or amplifying it.
Transistors are made out of this type of material, which have resistivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Germanium and some other metalloids are common examples of this type of material.
Most transistors are made of this element with symbol Si [spell it]. A region of northern California became known as this element’s “Valley” after the tech industry boomed there in the twentieth century.
In this novel, Justine Moritz is framed for the murder of William, and the title character’s wife, Elizabeth, is murdered on her wedding night. For ten points each, Name this Gothic novel, considered by some to be the first science fiction novel, in which the title scientist’s life is destroyed by his monstrous creation.
Frankenstein is by this English author of Valperga.
The frame story of Frankenstein consists of letters written by this man to his sister, Margaret. On a journey to the North Pole, this man finds Victor Frankenstein, who recounts his story to this captain.
Participants in this event included Thomas Winter, Thomas Percy, and their leader, Robert Catesby. For ten points each, Name this 1605 attempt to assassinate King James I and replace England’s Protestant government with a Catholic one. It failed when its namesake explosive substance was discovered and confiscated.
British citizens remember the Gunpowder Plot by celebrating Bonfire Night on the fifth of November, in which effigies of this man, who is traditionally depicted with a smiling mask, are burned.
Robert Catesby and Guy Fawkes attempted to overthrow King James I by blowing up this building, which is home to the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
Thetis requests that Hephaestus craft this object and a set of armor for her son, Achilles, in Book 18 of an epic poem. For ten points each, Name this piece of circular protective equipment whose ornate decorations are described by Homer in several stanzas of epic poetry.
Homer’s description of the shield of Achilles is one of several interludes between battles in this epic poem about the Trojan War. This work’s action takes place before Homer’s Odyssey.
Achilles uses his new shield and armor in battle against this Trojan warrior, whom he chases around the walls of the city before finally killing him. The Iliad ends with Achilles returning this man’s body to his father, Priam.
This event was nearly doomed prematurely when the patrol Nitto Maru spotted the task force, causing this event’s participants to be launched from the Hornet ten hours earlier than planned. For ten points each, Name this April 18, 1942 mission in which sixteen modified B-25 bombers took off from an aircraft carrier and attacked Tokyo and other cities. This mission was an important early motivational victory for the US in World War II.
The Doolittle raids served as revenge for Japan’s surprise attack on this Hawaiian naval base on December 7th, 1941.
It was impossible for the planes to land on an aircraft carrier and most didn’t have enough fuel to reach safe landing spots, so all but one bomber had to safely crash. The only plane that was able to land did so near Vladivostok in this country.
Research from 2018 indicates there is a contiguous, fluid-filled space between the skin and digestive tract called the interstitium [inter-stih-shum]. For ten points each, Much of the solid tissue in the interstitium is composed of this strong connective material found in tendons and ligaments. This protein is the most common one found in mammals.
The interstitial fluid drains into this system, whose namesake nodes in the neck become swollen during infection.
The presence of interstitial fluid throughout the body helps explain the rapid spreading of this type of illness, especially types beginning in the pancreas or breast.
Gertrude Stein likely coined the term “the Lost Generation” after she supposedly heard a mechanic use it as an insult while she was living in this country. For ten points each, Name this European nation that attracted numerous American expatriots to metropolitan centers like Paris after World War I.
This friend of Gertrude Stein popularized the term “Lost Generation” in a novel about Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley. This American author also wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.
Hemingway popularized the term in this novel, in which the wounded soldier Jake Barnes, the frequently-married Lady Brett Ashley, and their Lost Generation friends travel from Paris to Pamplona to watch bullfighting.
The 1862 Battle of Puebla, a key victory against French forces that delayed France’s installation of an emperor, is commemorated annually on this day in Mexico. For ten points each, Name this day, the anniversary of the battle. In non-Mexican communities, this holiday is often confused for Mexican Independence Day, which is actually in September.
This man, an eleven-term president and general who ordered the mass executions at Goliad and the Alamo, wasn’t present at Puebla, since he had been exiled from Mexico in the 1854 Plan of Ayutla.
Perez de Lebron) Mexican independence is actually celebrated in September on the anniversary of Miguel Hidalgo’s “Cry of Dolores;” today, the Mexican president uses one of these objects that belonged to Hidalgo’s church in the celebration. One of these objects in Philadelphia has a famous crack and cannot be used.
These features generally form after impact from objects that are traveling at very high speeds because slower collisions won’t generate the necessary high-energy explosion. For ten points each, Give this term for the depression left behind by an impact from a cosmic body, like a meteor or asteroid.
This second-largest moon of Jupiter, smaller only than Ganymede, is the most heavily-cratered moon in our Solar System.
Compared to moons like Callisto and Ganymede, Earth seemingly lacks the same history of crater-forming impacts. This may be partly because Earth’s atmosphere slows down smaller rocks, and partly because of this general process, in which wind, flowing water, or other natural actions smooth out the crater.
The 2019 Netflix documentary Knock Down the House followed the primary campaigns of four progressive women who ran for Congress in 2018. For ten points each, The film observes the massive electoral upset won by this woman, the leading advocate for the Green New Deal, who became the youngest woman to serve in Congress in 2019.
In the House, Ocasio-Cortez represents this state’s fourteenth district, which includes portions of Queens and the Bronx.
Like Ocasio-Cortez and Michigan’s Rashida Tlaib, this state’s representative Ilhan Omar has been attacked as “un-American” by some Republicans. This state elected the first Muslim Congressman, Keith Ellison, in 2007.
For ten points each, give the following about composer Frederic Chopin. One of Chopin’s most famous piano pieces is one of these dances in three-four time; the piece is named “Minute” not because it takes sixty seconds to play, but because it is small.
Although he lived and worked in Paris for much of his life, Chopin championed the music of this country, where he was born in Warsaw. Dancing music from this country includes styles like the mazurka.
Chopin composed two sets of these compositions, some of which are nicknamed “Tristesse” and “Revolutionary.” These compositions are intended as practice material to help pianists work on their musical skill.
The crystallization of this kind of solution allows chemical hand warmers to become hot instantly. For ten points each, Give this term for a solution that contains more solute than should be possible. Decreases in temperature can cause a solution to enter this state.
Changes in temperature, volume, or this quantity, measured in pascals or PSI, can cause a solution to become supersaturated. This quantity is the force applied to an object over the area in which it is applied.
Preparation of any solution requires a solute, the chemical that gets dissolved, and this component, which does the dissolving.
Let’s talk about the residents of the Greek underworld, for ten points each. Ancient Greeks put coins in the mouths of the dead to pay this mythical figure, who ferried the souls of the dead across the river Acheron or the river Styx.
After this goddess was abducted by Hades, the nymph Cyane wept so much that she turned into a puddle. This goddess was forced to spend part of each year in the underworld after eating pomegranate seeds.
Alongside Minos and Aeacus [ee-ah-kuss], this son of Zeus and Europa served as one of the judges of the underworld.
This county is often treated as a city, because it encompasses less than twenty-six square miles of land area. For ten points each, Name this county whose neighborhood of Crystal City was chosen in 2018 as one of two locations for Amazon’s second headquarters. Other massive office complexes in this county include the Pentagon, which is found near a famous national cemetery.
Arlington County is the sixth-most populous county in this US state. Many of its residents work in Washington, DC, which was formed by land taken from this state and Maryland.
Arlington County is separated from Washington, DC by this river, which receives the Anacostia River before flowing to Chesapeake Bay.
The Argand diagram plots these numbers in a familiar Cartesian-style coordinate system by replacing the x and y axes with the two component parts of these numbers. For ten points each, Name this type of number that has both real and imaginary parts.
Complex numbers incorporate the imaginary numbers, whose basic unit is equal to the square root of negative one and is traditionally represented by this letter.
In 1843, William Hamilton developed the quaternions, a number system with three basic units: i, j, and k. Multiplication within the quaternions lacks this property, as seen by the fact that i times j equals k, but j times i doesn’t equal k; it equals negative k instead.
This person of African and Wampanoag descent may have thrown a piece of wood at Hugh Montgomery before being shot twice. For ten points each, Name this dock worker who died almost instantly when a company under Thomas Preston opened fire into a taunting crowd outside the Old State House.
Attucks was the first person killed in this event on March 5, 1770. Paul Revere made an engraving showing this event, in which five colonists died in Massachusetts’ capital.
This Founding Father served as a defense lawyer for the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre, much to the chagrin of more radical patriots like his cousin, Samuel.
This author wrote that he could “[smuggle] any amount of theology [...] into people’s minds under cover of romance,” and tried to do just that in works like The Space Trilogy and The Great Divorce. For ten points each, Name this English author of Christian-influenced science fiction and fantasy novels like Out of the Silent Planet and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
Lewis allegorized the sacrifice of Jesus with the death and resurrection of the lion Aslan in this fantasy series that includes The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Silver Chair.
The death and resurrection of Aslan occur in this first novel of the Chronicles of Narnia, which follows the adventures of the Pevensie children as they travel to Narnia through the title piece of furniture.
This leader was ousted in a 2017 coup d’etat and replaced with Emmerson Mnangagwa [m’nan-GAH-gwah] after the army feared he would try to name his wife, Grace, as his successor. For ten points each, Name this longtime leader of Zimbabwe who passed away in September 2019 at age ninety-five.
During the coup d’etat, Mugabe was held under house arrest in this capital city of Zimbabwe.
Mugabe gained power in Zimbabwe in 1980, shortly after this European country granted the country its independence. Zimbabwe was earlier named Rhodesia after Cecil Rhodes, a businessman from this country who funded a namesake scholarship to its University of Oxford.
These objects can create virga, a visible trail that dissipates before reaching the ground. For ten points each, Give this general term for an airborne mass of water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere. Classifications of these objects include cumulus, cirrus, and stratus.
Virga are streaks of this phenomenon, in which water vapor has condensed and gravity forces it to fall from the cloud. Rain, hail, and snow are different types of this phenomenon.
Virga from higher clouds can accomplish this process in lower clouds, causing them to develop into storm clouds. This process, which can be done artificially with compounds like silver iodide, adds condensation nuclei to a cloud, usually to start or increase precipitation.
In Earthbound, Ness can find two tiny talking seeds, play a broken slot machine, and get heatstroke while exploring one of these regions called “Dusty Dunes.” For ten points each, Name this biome, a common level theme in many video games, such as “Shifting Sand Land” in Super Mario 64.
The second full kingdom of this 2017 Mario game is the Sand Kingdom, whose city of Tostarena features a slots minigame. This was the first Mario game released for the Nintendo Switch.
This hit 2016 indie game was created by ConcernedApe and inspired by the Harvest Moon series. Despite being primarily a farming simulator, it features two dungeon-style mines, the second of which is found in a desert behind a casino.
Samuel Huntington and Cyrus Griffin were the first and last men to serve as Presidents in Congress Assembled under this document. For ten points each, Name this American governing document that was in effect between 1781 and 1789, when the much more effective Constitution replaced it.
The Articles of Confederation included language requiring nine states’ approval to admit a new colony into the United States, with one exception. This massive territory could enter automatically if it wanted to, which it didn’t.
The Constitution states that it becomes law after nine of the thirteen states ratify it; this state with capital Concord became the ninth state to do so in 1788.
In the Fischer esterification, one of these chemicals and a carboxylic acid are refluxed together. For ten points each, Name this class of organic compounds that features a hydroxyl [hye-drox-il] group. The names of these compounds end with the suffix -ol [spell it], such as the intoxicating ethanol.
The Fischer esterification reaction requires an acid to serve this purpose; the acid speeds up the reaction but is not consumed by it.
This acid is commonly used to catalyze the Fischer esterification. The contact process is used to produce this acid, whose chemical formula is H S2 . 4
Answer the following about European national heroes, for ten points each. Medieval ballads describe this English archer and outlaw, who led the Merry Men in Sherwood Forest. In most folk tales about this man, he robs from the rich to give to the poor.
A series of chansons de geste [shan-sohn duh gest], epic poems from this country, relate the story of Roland, a paladin under Charlemagne. The Song of Roland depicts him dying at Roncevaux Pass [rohn-sah-voh pass] in the south of this country.
Finn McCool is a mythical hunter from this island, where he legendarily burned his fingers while cooking the Salmon of Knowledge and married Sadhbh [sah-eev], a woman who had been turned into a deer.
In 1453, this empire conquered a crumbling rival with the help of a massive, twenty-seven foot long cannon designed by Orban. For ten points each, Name this empire that dominated the eastern Mediterranean basin between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. After it collapsed during World War I, some of its former land became the country of Turkey.
The Ottomans conquered this capital city of the Byzantine Empire in May 1453. Give its name as of 1453, not its ancient name or its modern name, which was adopted in 1923.
This Ottoman sultan led the 1453 capture of Constantinople and conquest of the Byzantines, helping earn his common epithet.
For ten points each, answer the following about the work of Artemisia Gentileschi [ahr-teh-MEE-see-ah jen-tih-LESS-kee], an Italian painter who depicted herself leaning in to focus on her work in Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting. Gentileschi may have included a self-portrait of herself as Judith in Judith Slaying Holofernes, a painting in which the title biblical woman kills Holofernes in this way. In another Gentileschi painting, Salome contemplates a silver tray that contains a body part of John the Baptist to show he has been killed in this way.
In addition to her common themes of Judith Slaying Holofernes and Susanna and the Elders, Gentileschi created many depictions of this biblical woman holding the infant Jesus.
Gentileschi’s paintings are classified with this extravagant art movement that followed the Renaissance. Rococo style followed this art movement, which focused on bright, bold colors and sumptuous imagery.
For ten points each, give the following about locations in the short stories of Jorge Luis Borges. Borges worked in these literary facilities, which are the subject of several of his stories. One of these locations “of Babel” is made up of infinitely many hexagonal rooms, each with four walls of books, each filled with four hundred and ten pages of seemingly random writing.
Borges described one of these locations “of Forking Paths” in a short story set during World War I. Mary Lennox explores a “Secret” one of these locations at Misselthwaite Manor in a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett.
Many of Borges’ stories, including “The Aleph,” are set in this South American country, where he worked at the National Library in Buenos Aires.
Name the following famous volcanoes, for ten points each. This volcano covered the entire city of Pompeii in ash in 79 CE. The most complete account of this volcano’s eruption was written by Pliny the Younger.
This volcano’s most famous eruption, which occurred in 1980, created a two hundred fifty foot wide crater at its summit, making it no longer the fifth highest peak in Washington state.
This volcano off the coast of Indonesia erupted in 1883, killing over thirty-six thousand people. It is theorized that the gases released from this volcano caused the average temperature of Earth to decrease for several years.
The angle of this phenomenon and the angle of incidence are found in Snell’s Law. For ten points each, Name this phenomenon that causes light to bend as it passes between two media. This effect is commonly seen by placing a straw in a glass of water and observing a distorted “break” in the straw at the water line.
When light passes through a denser medium, this quantity of the light wave decreases. This quantity is defined as the distance between two peaks on a wave and is equal to the wave’s velocity divided by its frequency.
Light refracted from rain drops can form these phenomena. It is recommended that viewers use a roughly forty degree angle to view these multicolored arcs.
For the equation “x squared plus twenty x equals one hundred twenty-five,” this process would begin by adding one hundred to both sides of the equation. For ten points each, Name this strategy for solving certain equations. This strategy chooses numbers convenient for clever factoring, then exploits that for an easy square root.
Completing the square is used to solve this type of equation involving polynomials with degree two, such as the example in this bonus. A namesake formula for solving these equations involves a fraction usually written with “two a” in the denominator.
Completing the square is usually easier than it would be to use a pure factoring strategy when the solutions of the equation are this type of real number that cannot be written as a fraction.
Give the following about African Nobel Peace Prize laureates, for ten points each. This South African anti-apartheid leader was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, three years after he was freed from Robben Island prison and a year before he became South Africa’s first freely elected president.
Kofi Annan, a Nobel Laureate from Ghana, was awarded the Prize in 2001 while serving as Secretary-General of this global organization.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, who was co-awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 for her advocacy of women’s rights, led this West African country from 2006 to 2018 as the first woman elected head of state in African history.
This Abrahamic religion believes in the validity and equality of all people and religions. For ten points each, Name this religion founded in the nineteenth century by the Bab ´ [bob], who preceded the prophet Baha’u’llaah ´ [bah-hah-oo-lah].
In the Baha’i Faith, the Bab and Baha’u’llah are one of the Twin Manifestations of this being. Because Baha’i is a monotheistic religion, Baha’is believe that there is only one of these beings, who created the universe.
Twin Manifestations of God in Baha’i include one person who predicts the coming of the second, like the Bab who ´ predicted the coming of Baha’u’llaah and this Christian figure, the son of Elizabeth who predicted the coming of Jesus.
There’s more to F. Scott Fitzgerald than The Great Gatsby. Answer some questions about Fitzgerald’s short stories, for ten points each. The Fitzgerald collection Flappers and Philosophers includes a short story in which Marjorie tricks Bernice into getting this physical feature cut into a bob. In revenge, Bernice cuts off two braids’ worth of this stuff belonging to Marjorie.
In another Fitzgerald short story, collected in Tales of the Jazz Age, the Washington family works to keep the secret that they live on a mountain made entirely out of this substance. The story is titled for one of these minerals “as Big as the Ritz.”
Tales of the Jazz Age also contains “The Curious Case of” this man, who is born with the appearance of an old man and proceeds to age backwards.
This location was named after President Eisenhower’s grandson. For ten points each, Name this retreat in Maryland, the site of a landmark agreement between Egypt and Israel mediated by a US president in 1978.
This president negotiated the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. He was defeated by Ronald Reagan in 1980 after his poor handling of the Iran Hostage Crisis.
Earlier, this president hosted Winston Churchill at Camp David during World War II. The Works Progress Administration, which built Camp David, was created by this President’s New Deal.
A murmur can be heard when blood leaks back through the valves of this organ. For ten points each, Name this major organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood through four chambers called atria and ventricles.
Blood pumped from the left ventricle enters the aorta, the largest of these vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
When the wall of an artery weakens, one of these outward bulges will form, which can be lethal if they rupture in the brain or aorta.
This author wrote that “a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds” in the essay “Self-Reliance.” For ten points each, Name this American Transcendentalist essayist and poet, who wrote works like “Nature,” “The Over-Soul,” and “The American Scholar.”
In the Transcendentalist essay “Nature,” Emerson describes himself as a “transparent” one of these body parts, claiming that “I am nothing; I see all.”
As a poet, Emerson wrote a “Hymn” named for this Massachusetts town near Lexington. In the poem, commemorating an early battle of the American Revolution, Emerson describes “embattled farmers” standing on a bridge near this town, where they “fired the shot heard round the world.”
For ten points each, give the following about Christmas-inspired classical music. Several of these Christmas songs have melodies written by classical composers, including “Joy to the World” by Handel and “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing” by Mendelssohn. Groups often go door to door singing these songs around Christmas.
This English folk song provides the melody for the carol “What Child is This?” This song, which may have been written by Henry VIII for Anne Boleyn, is titled for the color of dress the singer’s love wears.
Clara receives the title object of this ballet as a Christmas gift. Clara later defeats the Rat King to free a prince trapped inside the title object of this ballet, which is frequently performed around Christmas.
When asked how his iconic silkscreens were made, this artist legendarily responded, “I don’t know; ask Elaine,” in reference to the American artist Sturtevant. For ten points each, Name this American Pop artist. Sturtevant borrowed silkscreen materials from this artist to replicate his Marilyn Diptych.
Sturtevant also borrowed Ben-Day dot stencils from another Pop artist, Roy Lichtenstein, to create works like Lichtenstein, Frighten Girl, which imitates the art style of these everyday art forms. Lichtenstein’s works often incorporate written sound effects and speech bubbles to imitate this style of art.
Yet another Pop artist, Jasper Johns, appreciated Sturtevant’s copies enough to commission her to replace a stolen painting of one of these objects. In another painting, Johns used white paint to cover the stars and stripes of one of these objects.
This author told his last wife that one of his characters, Curley’s wife, doesn’t have a name because “she’s not a person, she’s a symbol. She has no function, except to be a foil - and a danger to Lennie.” For ten points each, Name this author, who wrote about Lennie accidentally killing Curley’s wife in the appropriately-named novel Of Mice and Men.
Female characters who do get names in Steinbeck’s work include Rose of Sharon and Ma Joad, characters in this Steinbeck novel. In this novel, three generations of the Joad family try to drive to California during the Dust Bowl.
Most women in Steinbeck’s novels are either stay-at-home wives and mothers or have this profession. In East of Eden, Cathy Ames leaves her husband and sons to get this job. She eventually manages to kill her boss and takes over as the Madame of the brothel where she works.
If the input value of this operation is increased by five, the output value will become much larger and have one extra zero at the end. For ten points each, Name this operation whose input must be an integer and which is denoted with an exclamation point. When applied to four, it gives twenty-four; when applied to five, it gives one hundred twenty.
Factorials are found by using this operation on the input number and every positive integer less than it.
Factorials are used to calculate the number of these arrangements, which are often contrasted with combinations. If you have n different opponents in a round robin tournament, n factorial will calculate the number of different possible ordered schedules for you to play them all.
This agreement resolved the Mesilla Valley dispute and cost ten million dollars, but its namesake negotiator was given approval to spend up to fifty million if Santa Anna was willing to sell more. For ten points each, Name this 1854 purchase of land from Mexico in which the US gained what is now southern Arizona and southwest New Mexico.
The US was particularly interested in the land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase because it provided an opportunity for a southern one of these projects. The first of these projects connected Iowa and California and was finished at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.
James Gadsden wanted to purchase more land, especially this peninsular region of western Mexico, but Santa Anna wouldn’t sell. This strip of land separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean.
This author created Emily Starr, a violet-eyed orphan girl who lives on New Moon Farm with her aunts and cousin. For ten points each, Name this Canadian author whose novels Rilla of Ingleside and Rainbow Valley follow the continuing adventures of her most famous character.
L.M. Montgomery created this classic children’s character, an orphan girl who lives in Windy Poplars and the House of Dreams after leaving her adoptive home of Green Gables.
In Anne of Green Gables, Anne Shirley is adopted by these two people, a brother and sister who thought they were adopting a young boy.
The tongue-twister “she sells seashells on the seashore” may have been inspired by Mary Anning, an English collector of these artifacts. For ten points each, Shells, bones, and footprints are among the many types of these objects, which are preserved remains commonly left by extinct creatures such as dinosaurs.
Mary Anning hunted fossils in England’s Blue Lias cliffs, which are made of mudstone and this sedimentary rock formed from the calcite skeletons of marine animals.
3 Anning’s first major find was a Jurassic period skeleton of this marine reptile with a long, pointed mouth and a body shaped like a dolphin.
Seven boys and seven girls were regularly sent to be used as sacrifices to this creature. For ten points each, Name this animal-human hybrid from Greek mythology, for which Daedalus [DED-ah-lus] built a maze-like labyrinth.
This Athenian hero ventured into the Labyrinth to slay the Minotaur. This hero’s father committed suicide when this hero forgot to switch his sails from black to white upon returning to Athens.
This princess gave Theseus a ball of string to keep him from getting lost in the Labyrinth. According to some sources, she became the consort of Dionysus after being abandoned by Theseus.
This country became the first Muslim-majority democracy to be led by a woman when Benazir Bhutto led the PPP to victory in 1988 elections. For ten points each, Name this country where Bhutto was assassinated in 2007 at a campaign rally in Rawalpindi.
This terrorist group claimed responsibility for Benazir Bhutto’s 2007 assassination. Ayman al-Zawahiri currently leads this group, which carried out a series of bombings on US embassies in 1998, as well as the 9/11 attacks.
This leader and co-founder of al-Qaeda was killed in a Navy SEAL raid in Pakistan in May 2011.
This operatic character defeats the dragon Fafner, and the warrior Brunnhilde rides a horse into his funeral pyre after his death. For ten points each, Name this Germanic hero who titles the third opera in Richard Wagner’s [REE-kard VAHG-ner’s] Ring Cycle. This character is represented by the leitmotif [lyte-moh-teef] of a horn call.
The role of Siegfried is written for this male vocal range, which is higher than bass in the traditional SATB [spell it] vocal assignment.
To get a specific low sound for the Ring Cycle, Wagner invented a namesake version of this largest and lowest brass instrument. The sousaphone is a round variety of this instrument used for marching.
Hercules the liger, current record holder for world’s largest cat, will never have offspring because ligers are this type of usually-infertile organism. For ten points each, Ligers, mules, and beefalo are described by this term, meaning they are the offspring of parents from two different species.
In 2019, DNA analysis confirmed the existence of a hybrid between a beluga whale and this whale species with a long, unicorn-like tusk protruding from its head.
The large size of ligers and the great stamina of mules are examples of hybrid vigor, a general enhancement of hybrid traits over parent traits that is also known as this type of advantage. This term describes genotypes with two different alleles [uh-LEELS] for a genetic trait.
This event was manufactured as a publicity stunt for a religious debate, and it attracted Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan as participants. For ten points each, Name this 1925 trial in Tennessee regarding a high school teacher’s violation of the Butler Act.
not otherwise reveal, answers that mention “evolution” without also mentioning Scopes) The Scopes “monkey” trial was a debate over the teaching of this scientific concept in public schools, which the Butler Act restricted. “Intelligent design” was promoted as an alternative to this concept until a 2005 court case.
natural selection; prompt on “biology”) On the seventh day of the Scopes trial, Darrow called Bryan to the stand as an expert witness for the historical nature of this book. All of the ensuing testimony was stricken from the record as unrelated to the case.
Answer the following about the newest season of Stranger Things, for ten points each. This fifteen-year-old actress, who also played Madison Russell in Godzilla: King of the Monsters, returns to portray the telekinetic girl Eleven on the show.
This character, Steve Harrington’s co-worker at Scoops Ahoy!, was introduced in the third season. She is the first LGBTQ character in the series.
As is standard with releases on this website, the new season of Stranger Things was released all at once to encourage binge watching. Other originals on this streaming service include Daredevil and Greenhouse Academy.
In this novel, the ruling party of Oceania promotes the tenets that “War is Peace,” “Ignorance is Strength,” and “Freedom is Slavery.” For ten points each, Winston Smith and Julia are arrested by the Thought Police in what dystopian novel written by George Orwell?
After his arrest, Winston is tortured with rats until he says he loves this omnipresent dictator of Oceania, who is “always watching.”
Big Brother is opposed by this supposed leader of the Brotherhood, who is denounced as an enemy of the Ingsoc party during the Two Minutes’ Hate.
A material’s capacity for this quantity is the ratio of this quantity applied to the object and the object’s ensuing change in temperature. For ten points each, Name this form of thermal energy, which can be transferred by radiation, convection, and conduction.
Heat is measured in this SI unit, the standard unit used to measure energy. This unit is equal to a force of one Newton applied over a distance of one meter.
This thermodynamic quantity is equivalent to the total heat content in a system. Hess’s law can be used to find the total change in this quantity in chemical reactions.
This treaty was outlined by Britain, France, Italy, and the United States at the Paris Peace Conference. For ten points each, Name this 1919 treaty that punished Germany for losing World War I.
In one of the more controversial aspects of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to make these payments as compensation for damage caused during the war. Many economists believed the treaty’s requirements - over one hundred thirty billion marks’ worth of these penalties - was too harsh.
To pay the reparations, Germany printed lots of extra paper money, causing a “hyper” form of this economic phenomenon. As a result, simple items like loaves of bread cost hundreds of billions of marks by 1923.
The onion domes of this city’s Saint Basil’s Cathedral legendarily impressed Ivan the Terrible enough that he blinded the architect to prevent him from recreating its brilliance. For ten points each, Name this Russian city where Saint Basil’s Cathedral overlooks Red Square.
Moscow’s Red Square is home to this building, the presidential home and office. The name of this building can generally refer to any similar fortified Russian complex.
Red Square is also home to this building, which was quickly built in 1924 and replaced with a more permanent structure years later. This building is traditionally guarded by the “Number One Sentry,” and there are often long waiting lines to respectfully enter this building. A description is acceptable.
In this novel, Adele Ratignolle [ra-teen-YOLL] embodies the Victorian ideal of motherhood, the “Angel in the House,” which the protagonist finds impossible to emulate. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Edna Pontellier [pon-teh-lee-AY] tries to break free of social constraints by leaving her family and pursuing a relationship with Robert Lebrun, but drowns herself at Grand Isle when she is rejected.
The Awakening is an early work in this literary genre, which focuses on the often-unseen struggles of women.
The Awakening is one of the many feminist works by this American author of the short stories “Desiree’s Baby” and “The Story of an Hour.”
The Haber process reacts three molecules of hydrogen gas for every molecule of this gas. For ten points each, Name this gas that makes up seventy-eight percent of the Earth’s atmosphere.
The Haber process converts nitrogen and hydrogen into this chemical, which is vital for the production of fertilizer.
At standard temperature and pressure, nitrogen is one of seven elements that is stable in this form; the other six are hydrogen, oxygen, and the four lightest halogens.
Name the following branches of Christianity that developed in America, for ten points each. The largest denomination of this branch of Christianity originated in the American South. This denomination is named for a rite of admission into the church that believers undergo as adults by being fully immersed in water.
The founder of this denomination, George Fox, was said to make his followers “tremble.” The Shakers broke off from this pacifist denomination, whose services often include unprogrammed worship.
This branch developed in the 1830s from William Miller’s prediction that the second coming of Christ would take place on October 22nd, 1844. Its primary denomination, named “Seventh-day,” observes Saturday as the Sabbath.
A polysomnogram measures the body’s behavior during this activity and can be used to study disorders like narcolepsy. For ten points each, Name this phenomenon that is divided into REM and non-REM phases.
A relatively common sleep disorder is bruxism, the clenching or grinding of these body parts; such grinding can damage crowns, caps, and fillings.
Obesity and a small nasal airway are risk factors for this sleep disorder, in which breathing is regularly paused for several seconds or minutes. CPAP machines can help patients with this disorder.
An English author named Charlotte drew from her own life experiences as a governess and teacher when writing this novel. For ten points each, Name this novel by Charlotte, in which the title young woman works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and witnesses the death of her childhood friend Helen Burns, both of which are experiences drawn directly from Charlotte’s own life.
Charlotte was a member of this literary family. She often wrote under a male pseudonym, as did her sisters Emily and Anne.
In Jane Eyre, Jane works as a governess for the daughter of this man, who is secretly married to the madwoman Bertha Mason.
The detoxification of alcohol in liver cells relies on the heavy concentration of these organelles. For ten points each, Name this organelle that often sends proteins to the Golgi apparatus. This organelle has a smooth form and a rough form studded with ribosomes.
Unlike the rough ER, which synthesizes proteins, the smooth ER specializes in making this class of biomolecules that includes steroids and fatty acids.
The ER can be overstressed in several neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins called prions. One such disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, affects these animals and commonly makes them go “mad.”
This religion venerates Haile Selassie as an incarnation of Jah. For ten points each, Name this religion, whose followers often wear their hair in dreadlocks to honor the Lion of Judah.
Many Rastas ritually smoke this drug in grounding-circles and to promote personal healing and wellness. This drug is commonly consumed in rolled spliffs or “chalice” pipes.
or weed) Rasta has been popularized in America through its influence in this Caribbean nation, whose capital is Kingston.
Jimmy Carter filed an official report that he observed one of these things in 1969. When Carter ran for President, he promised to release all possible information about these things, but after he was elected, he cited “national defense” and claimed he couldn’t do so after all. For ten points each, Name these mysterious entities. The number of sightings of these things has dropped considerably in recent years, probably due to an increase in the quality of smartphone cameras.
spaceships”) This independent Senator from Vermont pledged to declassify UFO information if he wins the 2020 Presidential election. This man’s supporters are probably more interested in his support for Medicare for All.
The most famous UFO incident took place near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. Conspiracy theorists believe that a UFO crashed and its contents were taken to this Air Force facility in Nevada, which nearly two hundred people humorously tried to “raid” in September 2019.
Thousands of these items have been painted with names and pictures for storage in a chapel in Hallstatt. For ten points each, Name these items. Tens of thousands of these items are used decoratively in the Sedlec Ossuary, including a massive chandelier that includes at least one of each of the two hundred six different types of them.
The Sedlec Ossuary is a tourist attraction in this eastern European country, whose other popular sites include Wenceslas Square, the Vysehrad [vish-eh-rahd] castle on the Vltava River, and Frank Gehry’s Dancing House.
Bones are used as decorations elsewhere in Europe. Walls of femurs and skulls line the catacombs under this French capital city.
During a postgame interview, professional e-sports gamer Blitzchung put on a gas mask and proclaimed “Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times!” before the video stream was cut. Answer the following about the ensuing controversy, for ten points each. Blitzchung had just finished a Grandmaster match in this online trading card game with characters from the World of Warcraft universe.
Hearthstone and World of Warcraft were created by this video game developer. This company was sharply criticized for rescinding Blitzchung’s prize winnings, banning him from its tournaments, and firing the two commentators who happened to be broadcasting the match.
The Grandmaster match took place on this island, over which China claims control. During a story on the Hong Kong protests later in the week, ESPN controversially broadcast a map of China that included this island.
The legendary experiment in which Archimedes found that metals of different densities would displace different volumes of water relies on this physical force. For ten points each, Name this force that pushes up on an object submerged in a liquid. This force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the object.
The buoyant force is strong enough that if an object is less dense than water, like a cork, it will do this when placed in water.
Although a paperclip is denser than water, it can appear to float because of this behavior, the strong tendency of water molecules to stick together. This phenomenon forms a “skin” that insects can walk on.
Though this artist’s early paintings often feature New York skyscrapers, she spent much of her career at her Ghost Ranch studio in New Mexico. For ten points each, Name this American artist best known for her many colorful Southwestern landscapes featuring skulls and plants.
Over two hundred of O’Keeffe’s paintings depict enlarged sections of these colorful plant parts, including Red Canna, Black Iris, and Oriental Poppies.
O’Keeffe married and modeled for this American photographer who founded the art gallery 291 and photographed immigrants separated on a ship in The Steerage.
Operation London Bridge is the traditional codename for plans to be carried out after this monarch’s death. Some of those plans have been in place for decades due to this ruler’s long reign. For ten points each, Name this British queen, who surpassed Victoria as the longest-reigning British monarch in 2017.
In 2012, Elizabeth enjoyed a “Diamond” type of this celebration, in honor of her sixtieth year as Queen. These anniversary celebrations often include extensive travelling, as Elizabeth enjoyed in her 2002 “Golden” one.
Elizabeth’s reign has not been perpetually happy; she described 1992 as her “annus horribilis.” That year, Windsor Castle caught fire and three of Elizabeth’s children got divorced or separated, including Prince Charles and this woman, his wife. Elizabeth was criticized for her initial seclusion after this woman was killed in a 1997 car crash in Paris.
This author’s short stories “For Esme - With Love and Squalor” and “Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut” are collected in his Nine Stories. For ten points each, Name this American author who wrote about Seymour Glass and his family in the short story “A Perfect Day for Bananafish” and the novel Franny and Zooey. This man wrote about the family of Phoebe and Holden in another novel.
Phoebe and Holden appear in this novel by J.D. Salinger, in which Holden leaves Pencey Prep school and takes Phoebe to ride the carousel at the Central Park Zoo.
Phoebe and Holden are members of this family, who appear in several of Salinger’s short stories as well as in The Catcher in the Rye.
A circle has only one center; geometry students wish triangles were that simple. Answer some questions about the trickiness of triangles, for ten points each. The orthocenter is named for being the meeting point of the three altitudes of the triangle, and the altitudes are orthogonal to the sides of the triangle. Because the altitudes and sides are orthogonal, they meet at this type of angle.
angle) The centroid is the intersection of these three line segments, which extend from the vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. In statistics, this term indicates a value that separates the top half and bottom half of a set of numbers and is often compared with a set’s mean.
The centroid can also be described as the result of this operation on the coordinates of the shape. In statistics, this value can be found for a set by adding all the values in a set and dividing by the number of values there are.
This Greek comic playwright was frequently criticized for writing plays that poked fun at the Athenian politician Cleon, the philosopher Socrates, and the Peloponnesian War. For ten points each, Name this playwright whose satirical and insulting comedic plays include The Wasps, The Clouds, and The Birds.
In this play by Aristophanes, Dionysus travels to the underworld to bring Euripides, another Greek playwright, back to life. The title chorus of this play sing “bre-ke-ke-kax-koax-koax” to mimic the title animals.
In The Frogs, Dionysus dresses up like this hero by wearing a lion-skin. This demigod gives Dionysus advice on how to get to the underworld, since he had made the trip himself while capturing Cerberus during this man’s Twelve Labors.
The Van der Waals equation is a generalized form of this law that accounts for compressibility and collisions. For ten points each, Name this equation, commonly written as “P V equals n R T,” that describes the behavior of certain gases.
The “n” in the ideal gas law represents the amount of the gas present, measured in this SI unit. Until November 2018, this unit was defined as the number of atoms in twelve grams of carbon-12.
The ideal gas constant, R, is equal to the Boltzmann constant multiplied by this number, equal to roughly 6.022 times ten to the twenty-third power.
Babur founded this empire after a victory at the First Battle of Panipat. For ten points each, Name this Muslim empire centered at Agra that was expanded and strengthened by Akbar the Great in the sixteenth century.
The Mughal Empire was located in this modern-day country. Akbar held court in this country’s city of Agra, which is home to the Taj Mahal.
Scholars often classify the Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman Empires as a group named for this Chinese invention, since this combination of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter was key to their expansions.
Gods have a lot of pent-up anger - enough to write a bonus about it! For ten points each, answer some questions about ticked-off Greek figures. After one of these beings, Cronus, ate all of his children except Zeus, Zeus got pretty mad and started a war between these large beings and the Olympian gods.
This Titan also angered Zeus by giving fire to mortals. As punishment, Zeus chained this Titan to a mountain and had eagles eat at his immortal liver.
This woman, who had an affair with Zeus, was turned into a cow for protection; however, like many of Zeus’s lovers, this woman faced the wrath of Hera, who sent a gadfly to torment her.
One candidate in this election year used the slogan “It’s the economy, stupid!” For ten points each, Name this election year in which the incumbent George H.W. Bush, who was unpopular after breaking his promise of “no new taxes,” was defeated by a youthful Arkansas governor.
This forty-second US President defeated George H.W. Bush in the election of 1992. As President, this Democrat signed NAFTA and survived an impeachment trial related to his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.
Clinton’s victory in the 1992 election has been linked to this third-party candidate, whose campaign drew voters away from Bush. This billionaire owner of Electronic Data Systems died in 2019.
In this novel, Nanny is shocked to find her granddaughter, Janie, kissing Johnny Taylor, and arranges for her to marry Logan Killicks. When Janie feels stifled by being married to an aging farmer, she runs off to Eatonville with Jody Starks. For ten points each, Name this novel by Zora Neale Hurston, in which Jody’s death leaves Janie Crawford free to marry Tea Cake for love before she returns to Eatonville.
In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie kisses Johnny Taylor after lying under one of these plants in her backyard and wishing that she could be one of these blooming plants with “glossy leaves and bursting buds,” visited by “kissing bees.”
At the end of the novel, Janie returns to Eatonville after she is acquitted of Tea Cake’s murder. She is forced to shoot Tea Cake when he attacks her after getting rabies from the bite of one of these animals. Another one of these animals, a family pet named Cujo, also contracts rabies in a novel by Stephen King.
In September 1776, this man was found with incriminating papers detailing British troop positions and hanged the following day. For ten points each, Name this man who legendarily uttered, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
Nathan Hale was hanged for engaging in this activity, in which one secretly gathers intelligence on the opposition. Later Americans who engaged in this activity included pilot Gary Powers and the Rosenbergs.
In 2013, this whistleblower released NSA documents supporting the idea that the government is spying and gathering intelligence on American citizens. He fled to Russia, where he was granted asylum.
The primary mission of the Kepler Space Telescope is to find and study these objects. For ten points each, Give this term for large astronomical bodies found orbiting stars outside our solar system. Roughly four thousand of these bodies have been discovered as of summer 2019.
Exoplanets are most often found when they make a transit of their star. When this happens, astronomers can study the chemical makeup of this envelope of gases surrounding a planet.
Exoplanets are considered more interesting if they are found in the habitable zone of their star, a zone often nicknamed for this fairy tale character. Exoplanets in this zone will be the right distance from the star and not be too hot or too cold.
For ten points each, give the following about Nadia Boulanger [boo-lahn-ZHAY], one of the foremost teachers of the twentieth century. Boulanger taught hundreds of people in this discipline after striving for years to win the Prix de Rome [pree duh Rome] herself. Her students in this discipline included Philip Glass, a minimalist who has written numerous film scores.
composing music) One of Boulanger’s first American students was this composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and the ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.
Astor Piazzolla, another student of Boulanger, wrote music to accompany this dance form, the national dance of his home country, Argentina. Partners performing this eight-step dance tightly embrace while moving.
In 1956, Chien-Shiung Wu organized a crucial experiment in nuclear physics. Her work was not rewarded with a Nobel Prize, but the two men who theorized the work she tested were honored. For ten points each, The Wu experiment surprisingly determined that parity was not conserved by this fundamental force, unlike the other three forces: gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the strong force.
The weak force is responsible for the beta type of this radioactive process, in which a nucleus emits radiation and loses energy. The rate at which this process occurs is often measured in half-lives.
The Wu experiment studied beta decay in the sixty isotope of this element, whose atomic symbol is Co [spell it]. This metal produces several important blue pigments.
This jazz musician’s style of rapid-fire playing was described as “sheets of sound.” For ten points each, Name this jazz musician behind the albums Giant Steps and A Love Supreme. He also played on trumpeter Miles Davis’ album Kind of Blue.
Coltrane played the tenor variety of this reed instrument that is common in jazz bands.
Coltrane’s A Love Supreme ends with a track named for this type of Biblical song. The twenty-third of these poems in the King James Bible begins “The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want.”
A literary character described as the “greatest philosopher of the whole world” claims that this disease is a “necessary ingredient in the best of worlds,” because if Christopher Columbus’ men hadn’t brought it back from America, he also wouldn’t have brought back chocolate. For ten points each, Name this sexually transmitted disease that afflicts Doctor Pangloss in a 1759 satirical novel.
Doctor Pangloss advises the title character of this satirical novel by Voltaire that “all is for the best” because we live in the “best of all possible worlds.”
In the novel, Candide reunites with the syphilitic Pangloss and is shocked to find that this part of his face has been eaten away by the disease. In the opening chapter of Candide, Pangloss explains his optimistic philosophy by claiming that spectacles exist because this body part was formed to hold them up.
This agreement calls for all countries “in a position to do so” to continue providing financial support to developing nations attempting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For ten points each, Name this 2015 international environmental agreement. In 2017, Donald Trump announced the United States would no longer participate in this agreement.
Prior to the Paris Agreement, the most powerful international treaty regarding climate change was this 1997 protocol, which the U.S. has not signed. This protocol, which is named for a Japanese city, was amended in 2012.
This 2012 amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, named for Qatar’s capital, redefined reduction goals for participating countries.
One concept in this field is a zero-sum situation, in which whatever is gained by some participants is lost by some others. For ten points each, Name this field of math that is concerned with building logical strategies in hypothetical problems, like the Stag Hunt, and in less hypothetical problems, like checkers and chess.
Game theory textbooks often open with this game, in which two people run or drive at each other until they either collide or one person turns away and loses.
Another famous problem in game theory is a “dilemma” involving two of these people, who can choose either to betray each other or to stay silent.
Tiresias is a very busy character in Greek mythology. For ten points each, answer some questions about his experiences. After he struck a pair of snakes, Hera turned Tiresias into one of these people. Tiresias displeased Hera again when he settled an argument between her and Zeus by admitting that these people enjoyed sex more than men.
Depending on the myth, either Zeus gave this gift to Tiresias as a reward for supporting his argument against Hera, or Athena gave Tiresias this ability. The god Apollo governed this skill, which he also gave to Cassandra.
Later in his life, Tiresias told this man to allow Antigone [an-tih-goh-nee] to bury her brother rather than imprison her for it. Though he refuses at first, this king of Thebes eventually agrees.
The “AXE method” is used in making predictions with this model, whose geometries include octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal molecules. For ten points each, Name this theory that predicts the geometry of a molecule from the number of lone pairs and bonded atoms surrounding the central atom.
Nyholm theory) VSEPR theory predicts that carbon dioxide takes this shape, in which there are one hundred eighty degree angles between the central carbon atom and each of the oxygen atoms.
Some molecules aren’t predicted perfectly by VSEPR theory. One such molecule is a gas containing six atoms of fluorine and one atom of this noble gas with symbol Xe [spell it].
The last commercial use of this technology in America took place in 2006, ending Western Union’s century and a half in that business. For ten points each, Name this communication technology in which written messages are sent via codes transmitted long distances along wires.
The electric telegraph was popularized in America by Alfred Vail and this nineteenth century inventor, who co-developed the technology and a popular code used to send telegraphs that codes letters as dots and dashes.
When writing telegraph messages through Western Union, punctuation usually cost extra money; this four letter word was free and traditionally used instead of a period to end a sentence.
In a play by this author, Willy Loman is fired from his job after failing to turn a profit on his business trips. For ten points each, Name this American playwright, who also wrote All My Sons and The Crucible.
Willy Loman kills himself so his family can collect his insurance policy at the end of this Arthur Miller play. This play describes Willy’s life through flashbacks, several of which address his affair with an unnamed woman.
Another bad businessman, Joe Keller, appears in Miller’s play All My Sons. In the play, Keller struggles with his conscience after knowingly selling faulty parts for these machines, whose failure caused the death of twenty-one pilots.
An oracle claimed that whoever unraveled this object was destined to become the ruler of all of Asia. For ten points each, Name this notoriously difficult ancient puzzle that was legendarily solved when a ruler cut it in half with a sword.
This young ruler of Macedon and son of Philip II cut the Gordian Knot with his sword. This proved the oracle correct, since this man went on to build one of the largest ancient empires.
Alexander founded and names numerous cities in his conquered lands, including Alexandria on the Nile River delta in what is now this country.
These people were the target of a law issued by King Ahasuerus [ah-ha-sway-russ] at the request of Haman, an angry Persian official who hated one of these people named Mordecai. For ten points each, Name this ethnic-religious group. These people were saved when Mordecai’s cousin, a beautiful queen, persuaded the king to amend the law by revealing she was a member of this religious group.
The victory of Mordecai and his cousin over Haman is celebrated on this Jewish holiday, named for Haman’s casting of lots to decide what he thought would be the day of the Jews’ destruction.
This Persian queen, the wife of King Ahasuerus and cousin of Mordecai, is the namesake of the scroll and biblical book that describe the events celebrated on Purim.
The United States has a reputation for athletic excellence on the world stage. Answer the following about American sports teams, for ten points each. In 2019, Carli Lloyd, Alex Morgan, and Megan Rapinoe [rah-PEE-noh] helped the US become the first country to capture four FIFA Women’s World Cups in this sport.
Kendall Coyne Schofield captains the US women’s national team in this sport, which won its fifth consecutive world championship in April 2019 with a controversial shootout win over Finland. Two of this sport’s other traditional powerhouses, Canada and Russia, met in the bronze medal game.
In contrast, the US men’s basketball team took an astonishingly low seventh place in the 2019 FIBA World Cup, losing to France and this country in the playoffs. This country’s national team is led by Bogdan Bogdanovic [bog-don-oh-vitch] and Nikola Jokic [joh-kitch].
This painting’s reddish sky may have been inspired by the brilliant sunsets that affected western Europe after the eruption of Krakatoa. For ten points each, Name this painting, in which a person stands near a railing on a hill overlooking Oslo Harbor, holding their hands to their head and opening their mouth to let out the title expression of horror.
accept The Cry) The Scream is by this Norwegian artist, whose Frieze of Life series includes a painting that shows the effect of his sister’s death on his family, Death in the Sickroom.
Munch’s painting Love and Pain, another work from the Frieze of Life, has been informally given this title. In the painting, a red-haired woman bends over a pale-faced man, and seems to be feeding from him like this title creature.
In a novel by this author, the unnamed narrator escapes from the communist Brotherhood and the fanatical Ras the Exhorter, but barely escapes from a riot instigated by Ras when he returns to New York. For ten points each, Name this American author of Invisible Man and Juneteenth.
Ellison’s work is often classified among the writers of the Black Arts Movement, and as part of the African- American artistic “Renaissance” named for this New York neighborhood.
The Black Arts Movement was founded by a follower of this man, whose black nationalism is evoked by the speeches of Ras the Exhorter in Invisible Man. This man’s Autobiography was co-written with Alex Haley before this man was assassinated in 1965, three years before the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
The Meselson-Stahl experiment proved that replication of this molecule is semi-conservative. For ten points each, Name this nucleic acid that stores the genetic information of cells. Rosalind Franklin was key in discovering this substance’s double helix shape.
When DNA is replicated, there is a continuous leading strand and a lagging strand made of these short pieces that must later be joined together.
Okazaki fragments, like all DNA, are built from these subunits that consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base like guanine or cytosine.
This structure was initially derided as a “Folly” and a “Big Ditch,” but it greatly reduced transport costs between the Atlantic Ocean and inland United States. For ten points each, Name this massive engineering project built between 1817 and 1825. It allowed ships to transport goods from the Hudson River directly to the Great Lakes.
The Erie Canal is located in this state, connecting its city of Buffalo to its capital, Albany.
Shipping was also made more efficient by the steamboat, the creation of this early American inventor.
In this type of philosophical argument, one person asks questions in the hopes of exposing a flaw in the other person’s argument. For ten points each, Name this method of philosophical discussion, named for an ancient Greek philosopher who used it with Euthyphro [yoo-thih-froh] to analyze his definition of piety in one of many dialogues preserved by his student.
This student of Socrates wrote Euthyphro, as well as The Republic and numerous other dialogues between Socrates and other characters. This Athenian thinker founded the Academy, where he taught Aristotle.
In a Socratic-style argument, one generally begins by asking about the starting definitions and premises. This five-letter term, used interchangeably in mathematics with “postulate,” is used for an initial assumption or definition that is taken to be true.
European colonizing forces built a pair of modern African capital cities as far inland on this river as ships could sail from the Atlantic. For ten points each, Name this African river that is shorter than the Nile and longer than the Niger. A pair of neighboring central African countries share the name of this river; one styles itself a Republic and the other a Democratic Republic.
The Congo River flows between the capital cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. Name either capital city.
The French built Brazzaville, and this other European country built Kinshasa, which was originally named Leopoldville. King Leopold II owned the Congo Free State and exploited its citizens for labor while ruling from its capital, Brussels.
Although fanfiction dates back to the times of Milton and Cervantes, its recent proliferation has given modern authors wildly different opinions on it. For ten points each, Twitter jerk and homophobe Orson Scott Card has published fanfiction based on the works of Asimov and Shakespeare, but hates when people write fanfiction about his novels, like this one in which Andrew Wiggin is trained to command troops in a future war against insect-like alien fleets.
This author of Interview with the Vampire and other Vampire Chronicles became notorious in the early 2000s for her fans by mail and at their workplaces for writing fanfiction based on her works.
This English author has won Hugo awards for his Sherlock Holmes fanfiction, as well as for original novels like Coraline and American Gods. This man encourages authors of fanfiction, including those who write works based on Good Omens, which this man wrote with his close friend Terry Pratchett.
The New Horizons probe made a historic flyby of this body and its satellites in 2015. For ten points each, Name this dwarf planet that was, at the time of New Horizons’ launch in early 2006, still considered the ninth planet of the Solar System.
New Horizons observed the probable presence of this simple organic gas in the atmosphere of Pluto and the north pole of its largest satellite, Charon. This gas has chemical formula C4 .
New Horizons continued on to study Ultima Thule, a pair of small bodies fused together, in January 2019. Like Pluto and several other dwarf planets, Ultima Thule is located in this “belt” of space that extends beyond Neptune’s orbit and is home to numerous small, rocky bodies.
For ten points each, give the following about the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was developed by the United States to create this type of weapon, which was used to destroy the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
accept or prompt on “hydrogen bomb”) This physicist oversaw the creation of the first atomic bomb as director of Los Alamos Laboratory during the Manhattan Project.
Los Alamos Laboratory and White Sands Missile Range, the site of the first test of the atomic bomb, are located in this US state.
Beginning in the 1890s, the Stratemeyer Syndicate produced the Bobbsey Twins books, as well as many other series of children’s mystery novels written by groups of writers working under pseudonyms. For ten points each, Stratemeyer produced this book series under the name of fictional author Franklin W. Dixon. In this book series, Frank and Joe solve mysteries with the guidance of their private detective father, Fenton.
Following up on the success of the Hardy Boys, Stratemeyer used the pseudonym Carolyn Keene to produce novels about this iconic teenaged female detective, who first appeared in The Secret of the Old Clock.
Both the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew were edited in the 1950s and 60s to reduce the rampant racist stereotypes of the original books, and to remove references to the young Nancy carrying one of these weapons.
For ten points each, give the following about common medical suffixes. The suffix “-phobia”, such as the spider-related arachnophobia, indicates this type of anxiety disorder.
The suffix “-oma” ([OH-ma], but also spell it), as in sarcoma or carcinoma, is used for this type of abnormal tissue growth. These masses may be biopsied to test for cancer.
The suffix “-itis” ([I-tis], but also spell it), as in appendicitis or tendonitis, indicates this type of immune response that often presents with pain, swelling, redness, and heat.
For ten points each, give the following about nineteenth century activist Henri Dunant. Dunant was devastated by the gory aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in 1859 and helped start this international organization to care for wounded soldiers, as it appeared the armies themselves weren’t interested in doing so.
A year after the Red Cross’ first meeting, Dunant organized a conference where the first of these international agreements, requiring fair treatment of wounded soldiers and protection for medical personnel, was adopted.
In 1901, Henri Dunant was honored for founding the Red Cross as the first recipient of this international award, which the Red Cross itself has won three times.
These facilities are determined by Congress based on their natural beauty, their suitability for tourism, and, unlike national monuments, without concern for historic status. For ten points each, Name this type of facility, such as Sequoia and Yosemite in California, that is preserved by the government for public enjoyment.
This facility, mostly in northwestern Wyoming, was established as the first US national park in 1872. Old Faithful is one of the most popular tourist attractions in this park.
In 1832, well before the US government had created its concept of a national park, Congress preserved a region in this state that is now Hot Springs National Park. This state’s other federally protected sites include the Pea Ridge National Military Park on its northern border and Central High School National Historic Site in its capital city.
For ten points each, name the following instruments used in meteorology. Mercury has been largely phased out of use in these instruments, which display Fahrenheit and/or Celsius scales to indicate the temperature.
Atmospheric pressure is measured by these devices, which were invented by Evangelista Torricelli in the seventeenth century. Early examples of these devices used a column of mercury whose height was measured.
Wind speed is measured by these devices, named for the Greek wind for “wind.” These devices commonly involve four cups on horizontally-spinning arms.
This ruler founded the Achaemenid [ah-KEE-men-id] Empire, which successfully grew by supporting local rulers as satraps and respecting local customs. For ten points each, Name this “Great” Persian ruler of the sixth century BCE who ended the Babylonian Captivity.
Cyrus built the capital city of Pasargadae [pass-ar-guh-die], whose surviving ancient monuments include this structure built for Cyrus. One of the Wonders of the Ancient World was one of these structures built at Halicarnassus for a fourth century BCE satrap named Mausolus, inspiring one name for these structures.
prompt on “pyramid”) Cyrus conquered, among other regions, Lydia in what is now western Turkey. Lydia is historically considered the birthplace of this invention, which the Lydians created by stamping an alloy of gold and silver into small objects weighing roughly eight to ten grams.
In 1927, English composer Gustav Holst created Egdon Heath, a melancholy but enthralling tone poem written to evoke a passage from this author’s novel The Return of the Native. For ten points each, Name this English author who wrote a poem about a creature who sings “a full-hearted evensong / of joy illimited” as well as the novels Jude the Obscure and The Mayor of Casterbridge.
Hardy wrote about the “full-hearted evensong” of one of these animals in a poem titled for a “Darkling” one. Hardy wrote a protest poem about these animals’ use in vinkenzetting, a Dutch sport for which these animals were “blinded ere yet a-wing / by the red-hot needle.”
In another of Hardy’s poems, a woman with this name laments the loss of her husband. In a novel by Hardy, a woman with this name is abandoned by her husband, Angel Clare, when she reveals that she was raped as a girl.
About eighty thousand metric tons of this material is currently circulating in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. For ten points each, Name this type of synthetic material. Polyethylene, used to make soda bottles, and polypropylene, used to make disposable utensils, are common types of this moldable material.
Plastic accumulates in the Garbage Patch because most plastics do not have this property, the ability to be broken down by bacteria or other microorganisms.
The Garbage Patch contains objects made from this first synthetic plastic, patented in 1909, that was used make telephones, radios, and other household items.
Sometimes it’s easier to write about horrific events in a book populated by animals instead of humans. For ten points each, Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel Maus portrays Jews as mice and Nazis as cats while portraying Spiegelman’s father’s experiences in Auschwitz during this historical genocide.
George Orwell allegorized the Russian Revolution as a barnyard power struggle in this novel, simplifying events like the exile and murder of Leon Trotsky into the disappearance of the pig Snowball.
In this brutal and bloody novel by Richard Adams, a group of rabbits leave Sandleford in the hopes of founding a new warren in the title location.
James Blake called for the police to arrest this woman, whose complaint was ultimately addressed by the Supreme Court case Browder v Gayle. For ten points each, Name this civil rights activist who, on December 1, 1955, refused to give up her seat on a city bus.
Parks protested this Alabama city’s laws regarding bus segregation. Four days after she was arrested, a year-long boycott of this city’s bus system began.
At the time of her protest, Parks worked as secretary for her local chapter of this national group, which was co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois to fight for the racial equality and political rights.
This god once proudly boasted he could devour everything before apparently being bested by a little boy and his reed. For ten points each, Name this god who utilized a hamsa as his vahana and who wields, among other things, a scepter and a water jug. This Hindu god forms the Trimurti with Shiva and Vishnu.
Brahma is the god of this concept. He performs this action cyclically, to regenerate the world after its destruction.
In some stories, Brahma was himself created from one of these sacred flowers, which had grown out of the navel of Vishnu. Brahma’s wife, Saraswati, is associated with the white version of this water flower.
This object appears in the Bayeux Tapestry and probably inspired the Star of Bethlehem in Giotto’s Adoration of the Magi. For ten points each, Identify this comet, named for an English astronomer, that last passed near Earth in 1986. Spacecraft from multiple countries have confirmed the “dirty snowball” model of this comet.
With an average of 76 years, Halley’s comet is considered to have a short one of these quantities, the time needed for an object to complete one orbit around the Sun.
The shape of Halley’s orbital path suggests it was once a long-period comet that originated from this spherical region more than fifty thousand astronomical units from the Sun. This region marks the limit of the Sun’s gravitational influence.
This author wrote the short story “Ligeia,” whose title character composes the poem “The Conqueror Worm” as she dwells on her impending death. For ten points each, Name this American author, who also wrote about the deaths of young, beautiful women in “Ulalume” and a poem whose title character is chilled and killed by jealous angels.
In this poem by Poe, a “wind came out of the cloud by night, / chilling and killing” the title woman while she is shut up in a sepulchre in a “kingdom by the sea.”
In this Poe poem, a scholar mourns the death of a young woman named Lenore while the title bird perches “on a bust of Pallas” and repeatedly taunts him with the word “Nevermore.”
A mirror of this element on the inside of a test tube indicates the presence of aldehyde groups in the Tollens’ test. For ten points each, Name this element with atomic number 47 and symbol Ag [A-G]. When alloyed with copper in jewelry this element is called sterling.
Because the Tollens’ test can distinguish aldehyde functional groups from ketones, it belongs to this branch of chemistry that studies carbon compounds. Aromatic molecules like benzene are also studied in this field.
To prepare the reagent for a Tollens’ test, silver nitrate must first be mixed with this strong base sometimes called lye. This base is used to manufacture soap, and is the major ingredient in alkaline drain cleaner.
The protagonist of this work blinds the Cyclops Polyphemus [poly-FEEM-us], is trapped on an island with Calypso, and evades the sea monster Scylla [sill-ah]. For ten points each, Name this work in which the title warrior undertakes a long journey to return to his home in Ithaca after the Trojan War.
In the Odyssey, this wife of Odysseus avoids choosing a suitor by weaving and unweaving a burial shroud meant for Odysseus’s father.
One of Penelope’s suitors plans to kill this man, her son. This boy later helps his father kill the suitors after Odysseus returns to Ithaca.
Hubris is one of the leading causes of death in Greek myth. For ten points each, While trying to escape from Crete with artificial wings, this boy ignored warnings to not fly too close to the sun. As a result, the wax holding the feathers together melted, causing him to fall and drown in the sea.
This master craftsman, Icarus’s father, was locked away in Crete with Icarus after King Minos ordered him to build the Labyrinth.
The Labyrinth was made to house this creature that had the head of a bull and body of a man. This creature was eventually killed by Theseus.
When a square pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to its base, the frustum created below has two square sides on top and bottom, and four of these shapes as its lateral sides. For ten points each, Name this type of quadrilateral that has one pair of parallel sides and, usually, one pair of non-parallel sides.
If a trapezoid’s non-parallel sides are of equal length, it is classified by this term. Similarly, a triangle that has exactly two sides of equal length is known by this term.
If the parallel sides of a trapezoid are labeled a and b, the area of the trapezoid is equal to its height multiplied by this operation on the two side lengths a and b. You can give your answer as a formula, or you can give a description.
In 1898, Otto von Bismarck predicted the fall of this country, noting that “Jena [yay-nuh] came 20 years after the death of Frederick the Great; the crash will come 20 years after my departure.” For ten points each, Name this country that was led in World War I by Kaiser Wilhelm II, who abdicated after this country lost the war.
After World War I, the Allies forced Germany to pay stiff reparations and form a republic, which became named for this German city.
At the end of the war, the German army was ravaged by this disease, which killed over three percent of the world’s population. The Allied armies were ravaged as well, but Allied propaganda worked to hide that fact at home; as a result, this disease was named for neutral Spain, where there weren’t any censors.
Many composers from this country were inspired by the style of its composer Mikhail Glinka. For ten points each, Name this home country of the composers of Scheherazade and Pictures at an Exhibition, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Modest Mussorgsky, who collaborated in the late 19th century.
This nationalist group of Russian composers was founded by Mily Balakirev and included Rimsky-Korsakov and Mussorgsky.
In contrast to the nationalist music of the Five, this Russian composer was influenced by western European sounds in creating works such as Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.
In this novel, Ralph morosely declares, “That was murder” after participating in the death of Simon at a dance held by Jack’s bloodthirsty tribe. For ten points each, Name this novel by William Golding about a group of boys stranded on a deserted island, in which Piggy insists that Simon was “batty” and that his death was an accident.
In Lord of the Flies, Ralph, Piggy, and this pair of twins agree to say that they all left the dance early, before Simon was killed. These two boys remain loyal to Ralph after the other boys join Jack’s tribe, even though Ralph had scolded these twins for letting the signal fire go out.
As he reflects on losing all of his followers to Jack, Ralph bitterly says that at least he still has this object, the symbol of his former leadership. This object is shattered by Roger near the end of the novel.
Three thousand people live on Wheeling Island in this river, which is formed from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela [muh-non-gah-HEE-lah] rivers. For ten points each, Name this river that flows from Pittsburgh to the Mississippi River, forming the southern borders of three states along its path.
This third-largest city in Ohio is its largest on the banks of the Ohio River. This city was named for a society of Revolutionary War veterans that was first led by George Washington.
This Illinois town is where the Ohio River meets the Mississippi. Its name reflects a tradition of comparing the Ohio and Nile Rivers, as many towns near the Ohio River delta were named after ancient Egyptian cities.
The midwestern fast food chain Culver’s sells a “butter” version of this foodstuff. For ten points each, Name this cornerstone of American cuisine that is usually topped with American cheese. In a recent trend in fast food, the meat in this sandwich is “smashed” against the griddle to create a crispy patty.
This California-based chain sells “animal style” burgers, in which the meat is cooked in mustard and topped with grilled onions, pickles, and “spread.” Until 2004, this chain allowed customers to order burgers with unlimited patties.
The title of “best fast food burger in America” is often contested by Culver’s, In-N-Out, and this San Antonio-based chain. This chain, distinguished by its unique white and orange color scheme, also serves taquitos and Texas toast.
Answer the following about famous archaeological finds in Egypt, for ten points each. The 1799 discovery of this large fragment of a black stele [stee-lee] allowed scholars to understand hieroglyphs, since it included Greek, Demotic, and heiroglphyic translations of a law.
In the mid-19th century, Alexander Rhind purchased a recently-unearthed three-thousand-year-old mathematical text written on this material, which is made from a reedy sedge plant that was prominent in Egypt before the introduction of paper.
This British archaeologist led the 1922 excavation of King Tut’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings, with funding from Lord Carnavon.
By one definition, the hydraulic press is an example of this kind of device because it simply changes the magnitude of a force. For ten points each, Identify this group of devices that change the direction of a force or otherwise make work easier. The classic list of these includes the lever, pulley, and inclined plane.
This type of simple machine transfers a force between two rotating parts. Gear drives and doorknobs operate using this simple machine.
Dividing the radius of the wheel by the radius of the axle yields this quantity for the machine. This is the factor by which the applied force is amplified and indicates the effectiveness of the machine.
One of these places is depicted in a series of paintings of the Gare Saint-Lazare [gahr sont-lah-ZAHR]. For ten points each, Name these locations. One of these places in Paris was converted into the Musee d’Orsay [moo-ZAY dohr-SAY], and is home to a large collection of impressionist work.
The Musee d’Orsay includes many paintings executed by this artist, who created series of paintings depicting the Gare Saint-Lazare, hay bales, and the Rouen Cathedral [roo-ON Cathedral]. This artist’s painting Impression, Sunrise gave its name to the Impressionist movement.
Another series of paintings by Monet includes hundreds of depictions of these floating flowers near the Japanese- style bridge in his garden in Giverny.
The Arbella was one of eleven ships that traveled to this colony in the early 17th century under the guidance of John Winthrop. For ten points each, Name this colony in New England where early settlers developed towns like Salem. You can give either its original colonial name or the name of the modern-day state.
In 1686, the unruly colonists in Massachusetts were brought into the Dominion of New England by this king, the last Catholic king of England. Two years later, this man was ousted in the Glorious Revolution.
James VII) In 1691, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was formally combined with this colony that had controlled Cape Cod since 1620, when the Mayflower landed there and founded it.
This man claimed that he “went to the woods to live deliberately.” For ten points each, Name this author of Civil Disobedience, who tried to live a simpler life by building a shack near a pond on the property of fellow Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Thoreau described his experiences camping in Emerson’s back yard in this Transcendentalist work, named for the pond by which he lived.
In a section of Walden titled “The Village,” Thoreau is detained for failing to pay one of these government-imposed fees. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau defended his decision not to pay these fees to the government, since he felt that paying them would help fund the Mexican-American War.
Excavation of the Riversleigh World Heritage Site has revealed that Australia once contained a human-sized, saber-toothed, carnivorous species of this animal. For ten points each, Name this animal, a national symbol of Australia, known for its long legs and hopping method of locomotion. Males of this species can balance on their tails during boxing fights over females.
The kangaroo, wombat, koala, and other native mammals of Australia belong to this taxonomic group that carries developing young in an external pouch.
The nearly identical anatomical and behavioral traits shared by marsupials like the sugar glider and placental mammals like the flying squirrel can be explained by this type of evolution, in which organisms in similar niches develop similar adaptations.
Answer the following about deadweight loss, for ten points each. Deadweight loss is a concept studied in this social science, the study of how goods and services are made, used, and allocated in a community. American thinkers in this field include Milton Friedman and Paul Krugman.
Deadweight loss is an inefficiency in market allocation that occurs when markets are not in this state of balance between competing market forces.
Deadweight losses are commonly studied in the context of this economic situation, in which one firm has total control over the sales of a particular good.
For ten points each, give the following about the 1449 Tumu [tuh-MU] Crisis. The Tumu Crisis was a horribly mismanaged military effort by this dynasty, whose Zhengtong Emperor got himself captured by ignoring multiple opportunities to return to Beijing. This dynasty built the Forbidden City and is famous for its porcelain art.
The crisis involved a raid of 20,000 of these people, led by Esen Taishi, into Ming territory where they destroyed an unprepared army of half a million Ming soldiers. These people ruled the Yuan Dynasty, which was defeated by the Ming.
The Ming Dynasty responded to the Tumu Crisis by renewing its efforts to maintain this defensive structure, which was supposed to keep the Mongols out. Contrary to legend, you cannot see this structure from space.
This event ended the time of the Nephilim, a race of giants. For ten points each, Name this biblical event, whose end was revealed by a dove carrying an olive branch.
This man built a three-hundred-cubit-long ark and filled it with seven pairs of each clean animal and two of each unclean animal to repopulate the world after the flood.
The descendants of this son of Noah were cursed after this man failed to cover Noah while he was naked and drunk after the flood. This man was the father of Canaan and the brother of Shem and Japheth.
This branch of physics can be used to predict where a ski jumper will land once she leaves the ramp. For ten points each, Identify this field that studies the two-dimensional motion of a projectile only traveling under the influence of gravity. The paths of a thrown baseball or a bullet leaving the barrel of a gun are subjects for this field.
Assuming zero air resistance, a projectile will achieve maximum range when it is launched at this degree angle of elevation.
This Italian scientist was the first to determine that the path of a projectile is a parabola. He also rolled balls down ramps and supposedly dropped them off the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate the uniform acceleration of falling bodies.
This politician lied about the extent of his war service, turning his original nickname of “Tail Gunner Joe” into a mockery used by some of his opponents. For ten points each, Name this senator whose reckless pursuit of Communists within the US government during the Red Scare led to his condemnation by the Senate.
Joe McCarthy represented this US state in the Senate until his 1957 death from alcoholism. This state’s junior senator, Tammy Baldwin, previously represented its capital city of Madison in the House.
McCarthy’s crusade against communist influence was sparked with his 1950 speech in West Virginia, in which he claimed to hold a list of 205 names of Communists in this governmental department.
10 years after the creation of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, there is significantly less focus on men in tights. For ten points each, Marvel’s first solo female superhero film will be 2019’s Captain Marvel, starring this actress who won on Oscar for her role in Room.
While the role of this superhero defender of Wakanda has been held by T’Challa, many fans speculate that in the aftermath of Avengers: Infinity War, Shuri will take up this mantle. In the comics, Shuri becomes this superhero after taking the title of queen and consuming the heart-shaped herb.
Infinity War did not have a happy ending for this adopted daughter of Thanos, who was thrown off a cliff as part of the sacrifice needed to claim the soul stone.
In Giovanni Boccaccio’s story collection The Decameron, three young men and seven young women tell stories after retreating to the countryside outside this city. For ten points each, Name this city in central Italy, which was once ruled by the Medici family.
The young Florentines in The Decameron move to the country to avoid this catastrophic illness that swept across Europe in the 1340s and -50s, and which was nicknamed for the dark color of gangrenous skin in infected people.
In The Decameron, Fiametta tells a story about one of these animals owned by Federigo. In the story, Federigo feeds this bird of prey to Giovanna, earning her respect.
This composer depicted the various personalities of his friends in his Enigma Variations. For ten points each, Name this British composer who is better known for a series of marches written for the coronation of Edward VIII, Pomp and Circumstance.
In America, Pomp and Circumstance’s first march is commonly performed at these ceremonies, both at the high school and college level.
Elgar’s last major work was an E minor concerto for this large string instrument. Famous performers of this instrument include Pablo Casals and Jacqueline du Pre.´
At the height of the Roman Empire, two rivers formed the border of much of the Roman frontier in Europe. For ten points each, The border began at this river’s mouth on the North Sea in the Netherlands. Today, this river forms much of the Franco-German border.
East of the Rhine, the Roman frontier often extended to this river, the second longest in Europe after the Volga. Four national capitals lie on this river, which empties into the Black Sea.
The Roman Empire’s expansion into the Middle East reached this river, where they agreed on a short-lived border with the Parthian Empire. The ancient Mesopotamian culture flourished between this river and the Tigris River.
Henry Fleming and Jim Conklin discuss whether they would desert their regiment in this novel. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Henry wants the title mark to prove that he is not a coward.
The Red Badge of Courage was written by this American author of “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.
The Red Badge of Courage is set during this war. In “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,” another story set during this war, Peyton Farquhar is executed by Union troops for his support of the Confederacy.
Homeostasis and adaptation are among the characteristics shared by all living things. Answer these questions about other common traits of life, for ten points each. Life requires that existing organisms give rise to offspring through this process, which can be sexual or asexual. Spores and seeds are common ways of achieving this among non-animals.
The energy needed for reproduction and other functions must be obtained by organisms through this process, the complete set of chemical reactions that occur inside a cell.
Because they are non-cellular and lack the ability to reproduce on their own, these disease-causing agents are often not grouped with living organisms. Phages are examples of these that infect bacteria.
Answer the following about divisibility by prime numbers, for ten points each. A number is divisible by this non-prime, single digit number if and only if it’s divisible by both 2 and 3.
The computational difficulty in finding the divisors of large semiprime numbers - for example, a product of just two prime numbers with hundreds of digits - explains why the RSA algorithm for this process is hard for hackers to beat.
Using this procedure, if a number is crossed out 5 times, it is divisible by five different prime numbers. This “sieve” [sivv], which is named for a Greek mathematician, will leave the prime numbers uncrossed.
George Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality regarding U.S. involvement between England and this country. For ten points each, Name this country, which assisted the Americans in their revolution before undergoing its own revolution starting in 1789.
The French Revolution was started after the firing of Jacques Necker and the storming of this structure, a prison fortress in Paris.
America purchased Louisiana from France against the wishes of French foreign minister Charles Talleyrand, who later led France’s embassy at an 1814 Congress held in this Austrian capital city.
Answer the following about depictions of couples in art, for ten points each. A man holding a pitchfork and a woman wearing an apron stand in front of a white house with a strangely ornate window in this Grant Wood painting.
This artist’s many self-portraits included one in which she wears a red shawl and stands under a dove, holding hands with her husband, fellow painter Diego Rivera.
Art historian Erwin Panofsky has theorized that this Dutch portrait of a merchant and his wife acted as a legal marriage document. The couple in this painting stand over a pair of wooden clogs and a small black dog that represents fidelity.
This type of fossilization occurred 225 million years ago in Arizona, leaving behind an entire forest’s worth of preserved logs. For ten points each, Name the fossil-making process in which buried plants and animals become filled with mineral-rich water that eventually replaces all tissue with hard crystals.
One of the most complete petrified dinosaur skeletons ever found is the Chicago Field Museum’s Sue, a member of this carnivorous species. This small-armed predator dominated North America at the end of the Cretaceous Period.
An “explosion” of life during the Cambrian Period is recorded in this geologic formation in British Columbia. This petrified fossil deposit has yielded many trilobite species and the bizarre predator Anomalocaris.
This poet collaborated on the collection Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. For ten points each, Name this English poet, who wrote “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey.”
In Worsworth’s poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” he describes being on a walk “when all at once [he] saw a crowd, / a host, of” these yellow flowers, and says that to think about them his “heart with pleasure fills / and dances with” these flowers.
Wordsworth wrote “Tintern Abbey” and “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” for Dorothy, a woman with this relationship to Wordsworth. In Wordsworth’s poem “We Are Seven,” a little girl describes six boys and girls who are related to her in this way, although she is the only one who lives with their mother.
This thinker described his past Manichean [man-ih-kee-un] faith, his son born out of wedlock, and his conversion to Catholicism are detailed in a 13-book autobiography. For ten points each, Name this Christian theologian of the 4th and 5th centuries CE who lived in the north African city of Hippo.
Augustine’s autobiography of the sins of his youth is named for this act of admitting one’s sin.
Augustine’s work City of God includes early thoughts on the justness of this action, noting that it should never be performed pre-emptively and that, if this large-scale action is taken in defense, it does not violate a commandment.
This year’s Presidential election was won by the National Union Party, an adopted name used by Republicans who wanted to attract War Democrats and other pro-Union forces who wouldn’t otherwise vote for Abraham Lincoln. For ten points each, Name this year, in which Lincoln won re-election. The following year, the Civil War ended and Lincoln was assassinated.
In the 1864 election, Lincoln was opposed by this Democratic candidate, a Union general who Lincoln had fired in 1862 after he failed to crush Robert E. Lee at Antietam.
Officially, this 17th U.S. President represented the National Union Party in the White House when he took power following Lincoln’s death. The party disappeared after this man left office in 1869, having survived his impeachment trial.
Molecules such as vitamin E and beta-carotene that scavenge these chemicals in the body are called antioxidants. For ten points each, Give this term for molecules or ions with an unpaired electron in the outer shell. These species are highly reactive, like the ones formed by chloro-fluoro-carbons that break down the ozone layer.
One major source of free radicals in cells is this compound with formula H O 2H2two-O-two]. This compound is decomposed by the enzyme catalase and is sold in brown bottles for use as a disinfectant.
Cumulative damage to DNA and cell membranes is behind the free radical theory of this process that typically ends with death. A diet full of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables has not been conclusively shown to slow this process.
In a novel by this author, a quick-spreading “red weed” spreads through the ruins of English cities after a mysterious colonizing force destroys human society with a Heat-Ray. For ten points each, Name this English science fiction author, who also wrote The Island of Doctor Moreau.
Red weed is used to create a Mars-like environment as humans are harvested for food in this H.G. Wells novel about a Martian invasion of Earth.
Because they lack digestive organs, Martians in The War of the Worlds consume this part of the human body with the help of a “little pipette” designed for the purpose.
This god stepped down as sun after murdering all of his followers with massive hurricanes. For ten points each, Name this “feathered serpent” whose followers were changed into monkeys by Tezcatlipoca [tetz-kaht-lee-poh-kah]. As a result, this god traveled to Mictlan to create mankind for the fifth age.
Quetzalcoatl [keht-zall-koh-ah-tull] created humans by mixing his blood with these items. These items were the remains of the people of fourth age.
Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca are prominent members of the mythology of this Mesoamerican civilization. This civilization’s mythology also included Huitzilopotchli [h-weet-zill-oh-pot-klee], the patron of the Mexica tribe.
This novel’s title character takes the fall after Daisy Buchanan kills Myrtle Wilson with this man’s car. For ten points each, Name this F. Scott Fitzgerald novel in which the title man is killed in his pool by George Wilson, a car mechanic out for revenge for the death of his wife.
In The Great Gatsby, Myrtle has an affair with this man, Daisy’s strong but stupid husband, which ends shortly before Daisy kills Myrtle.
This friend of Daisy’s, an avid sportswoman, has a brief relationship with Daisy’s cousin, Nick Carraway.
In September 2018, the co-founders of this service, Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, announced their resignations from Facebook, which bought this service in 2012. Name this social media platform, which lets users apply filters to photos and make “Stories” to pretend that they’re using Snapchat instead.
Tom Brady’s 4 million Instagram followers are good for the second most among NFL players; this former LSU wide receiver has more than 11 million followers, most of whom were presumably amazed by his incredible three-finger catch in 2014 against the Cowboys.
A viral 2018 short story argues that this actor and former WWE wrestler should leverage his Instagram following - over 110 million people - into a Presidential run.
The American evacuation from this country was signaled by the playing of Irving Berlin’s “White Christmas” on the radio in April. For ten points each, Name this country where helicopters extracted over 2,000 people in Operation Frequent Wind in 1975, marking the end of American involvement in a Southeast Asian war.
This capital city of South Vietnam fell on April 30, 1975. It has since been renamed; please give its name prior to its capture by the North Vietnamese.
Saigon was renamed for this Communist leader who died in 1969 during the war. As a student in France in 1919, this man tried to speak with Allied leaders to take part in the Versailles negotiations, but was ignored.
Peter Minuit purchased this landmass from a group of Lenape Native Americans for $24 worth of goods, despite the fact that the land was controlled by other people. For ten points each, Name this island that became part of New Amsterdam.
Manhattan is an island surrounded by three rivers: the Hudson on the west, the East on the east, and this narrow strait separating Manhattan from the Bronx.
In the 1850s, New York City developed this green space on Manhattan Island. Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux designed this urban park, the largest on Manhattan Island.
This author’s novellas include one in which Pozdnyshev [POSD-nih-shev] murders his wife over her affair with a violinist and one in which a government official is injured while hanging curtains and slowly dies while contemplating his mortality. For ten points each, Name this Russian author of The Kreutzer Sonata [KROYT-zurr Sonata] and The Death of Ivan Ilyich, who also wrote an extremely long novel that follows the lives of several families during a nineteenth-century invasion of Russia.
This long novel by Tolstoy follows the lives of the Bezukhov, Bolkonsky, and Rostov families in the early 1800s, as a French emperor attempts to invade Russia.
War and Peace centers on the invasion of this French emperor, who tried to conquer Russia in 1812.
John Dalton discovered this law when he realized nitrogen and oxygen gases could be combined to form both NO [2-O-two] and N O [N2t3o-O-three]. For ten points each, Identify this law of chemistry that states that when two elements form more than one compound, the elements must combine in whole number ratios.
Dalton used his law in an attempt to prove that ethylene contains twice as many hydrogens as this simplest hydrocarbon molecule with formula CH [C-4-four].
The law of multiple proportions depends on Dalton’s theory of these objects being unique for each element. Dalton considered these to be tiny, indivisible billiard balls, but in modern theory they contain smaller particles like protons and electrons.
This beast resided in Lake Lerna. For ten points each, Name this creature from Greek mythology. When one of its heads was cut off, two more grew back in its place until Iolaus [eye-oh-lah-wuss] thought of cauterizing the stumps.
The Hydra was the second of twelve labors undertaken as penance by this Greek hero for killing his first wife, Megara, and his children.
The first of the twelve labors was to slay this creature. Upon attempting to do so, Hercules found that its fur was impenetrable, so he strangled this creature instead.
Frederick Muhlenberg held this position in the first Congress, and its holder from 2015 to 2018 announced his retirement from the House after his term. For ten points each, Name this Congressional leadership position that has been recently held by Nancy Pelosi and John Boehner [bay-ner].
This man served three non-consecutive terms as Speaker of the House and took part in the “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 that made him Secretary of State.
Henry Clay’s “corrupt bargain” helped this man become the sixth US President. As Secretary of State under James Monroe, this man signed a treaty with Spain that helped annex Florida.
Answer the following about the painting The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp, for ten points each. In The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp, Tulp lifts the arm of a cadaver to demonstrate its musculature to the members of a guild of men with this specific profession.
The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp was created by this seventeenth-century painter, who used a dark varnish in a painting of The Night Watch.
Like Frans Hals and Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt was a prominent painter of this European nationality’s “Golden Age.”
Joseph Priestley’s 1767 book The History and Present State of Electricity spends most of a chapter discussing this American’s experiment with lightning and a kite. For ten points each, Name this scientist who first labeled different electrical charges as positive and negative. He also invented the lightning rod, bifocal glasses, and a namesake stove.
Franklin’s kite experiment helped establish that lightning is an example of this type of electricity caused by one object gaining a greater negative charge compared to another.
As electric charge built up in the key at the end of his kite string, Franklin stored it using one of these devices named for a Dutch city. This device consists of a glass cup that is both lined and wrapped with metal foil.
For ten points each, give the following about the Crusades. This crusade was called in 1095 by Pope Urban II, who declared “Deus vult,” or “God wills it,” in response to a plea for help from Alexios Komnenos.
The Fourth Crusade, in the early 1200s, ended with the crusaders deciding to sack this Christian city, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, because they had lost their original source of funding.
According to legend, a few years after the Fourth Crusade, a group of these people in France were led by Stephen of Cloyes in a journey to the Mediterranean Sea, which would part so they could walk to Jerusalem to convert Muslims; when that didn’t happen, these people were sold into slavery in Africa.
During this holiday, participants cast food into a body of flowing water to cast off their sins. For ten points each, Name this holiday that occurs on the first of Tishrei, ten days before Yom Kippur. This first of the High Holy Days commemorates the Jewish New Year.
During Rash Hashanah, participants eat apples dipped in this substance. In Exodus, God tells the Israelites that the promised land is flowing with milk and this other substance.
If Rosh Hashanah falls on this day, the shofar, a trumpet made out of a ram’s horn, is not blown. On this day, wine is blessed with the kiddush before an evening ceremony that ushers in the new week.
Give the following about mathematics in three dimensions, for ten points each. In the classic rectangular, three-dimensional grid, height is represented by adding this axis to the x and y axes.
In the x, y, z coordinate system, equations like “x plus y plus z equals 3” generate this type of geometric object, an infinite two-dimensional surface.
Another three-dimensional system, cylindrical coordinates, is created by adding the z coordinate to this two- dimensional system. In this system, one variable represents distance from the origin, and the other variable represents an angle of rotation from a reference axis.
At the start of this work, the protagonist tries to climb up a small mountain, but he is blocked by a leopard, a lion, and a she-wolf. For ten points each, Name this work in which Dante is led through the circles of Hell by the poet Virgil, the first section of the Divine Comedy.
After crossing the Acheron river, Dante enters this “in-between” place, the first circle of Hell where the unbaptized and virtuous pagans are punished to live in a pale imitation of Heaven.
At the other end of Hell, just before he enters the ninth circle, Dante hears the giant Nimrod cry “Raphel mai` amecche zabı almi,” a nonsense phrase that refers to the confusion that resulted from Nimrod’s participation in building this enormous biblical structure.
As of 2018, more humans have walked on the moon than traveled deep enough to reach this region of the ocean. For ten points each, Name this oceanic zone where no sunlight penetrates and life depends on hydrothermal vents or the constant sinking of organic matter from above. The plains named for this zone mark the ocean floor across most of the Earth.
Film director James Cameron crossed the abyssal zone during his 2012 record-setting dive to the bottom of this location, the deepest point in the Pacific Ocean.
The fall of organic debris and nutrients from sunlit layers down to the abyssal zone is known as marine this. On land, this term describes flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds.
Answer the following about a poem in Lewis Carroll’s novel Through the Looking Glass that begins, “’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / did gyre and gimble in the wabe.” For ten points each, Name this nonsense poem, in which a hero is warned to “beware the Jubjub bird, and shun / the frumious Bandersnatch,” but takes “his vorpal sword in hand” to defeat the title beast.
This protagonist of Through the Looking Glass reads the poem “Jabberwocky” in a mirror during her second trip to the bizarre world of Wonderland.
This nursery rhyme character interprets the nonsense words in the first stanza of “Jabberwocky” for Alice. After she recites another poem to him, this character assures Alice that the King has promised to send his horses and men to help this character in an emergency.
The Zapruder film is the most complete video account of this event. For ten points each, Name this November 22, 1963 event that targeted the 35th president of the United States.
prompt on partial answers; prompt on “assassination of Kennedy”) There are many conspiracy theories regarding who shot Kennedy; the most popular account is that this former Marine shot Kennedy from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository.
While in police custody, Lee Harvey Oswald was fatally shot by this Dallas nightclub owner.
Bartolomeo Cristofori invented this instrument at the turn of the 18th century. For ten points each, Name this dominant keyboard instrument with 88 keys. It is produced in grand and upright forms.
This high-end piano manufacturer produces nearly all of the pianos used in professional performance.
Steinway has been granted many patents for its developments in piano design, including the sostenuto one of these features. These features, including the sustain and una corda, are found at the base of the piano.
A 1791 Declaration of the Rights of these people notes that they “[have] the right to mount the scaffold” and thus must also have “the right to mount the speaker’s platform.” For ten points each, Name this class of people whose rights were promoted by Olympe de Gouges [oh-lamp de goozh].
Olympe de Gouges was highly critical of this movement’s failure to make progress in women’s rights. Her criticisms of Maximilian Robespierre’s actions during this revolution led her to be guillotined in 1793.
de Gouges’ Declaration of the Rights of Woman was a response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, a 1789 document written in part by this French general, who had spent several years in America fighting for the colonists.
The Monsanto Company is the world’s largest supplier of seeds for this type of crop, which accounts for more than ninety percent of corn and soybeans grown in the US. For ten points each, Give this term for a plant or animal whose DNA has been altered to improve its growth or make it resistant to disease, pests, or drought. Several nations in Europe have banned the cultivation of this type of organism.
Besides seeds, Monsanto’s best known product is this weedkiller that has been blamed for a decline in the monarch butterfly population. Many Monsanto crops are engineered to withstand high doses of this herbicide.
Roundup Ready crops include rapeseed, which is used to produce this vegetable oil, the second most popular in the US after soybean oil. Like olive oil, this oil is permitted to claim it reduces the risk of heart disease.
In 1964, a senator from this state had his campaign slogan “In your heart, you know he’s right” parodied by his opponent, who gave out buttons reading “In your guts, you know he’s nuts.” For ten points each, Name this home state of 1964 presidential runner-up Barry Goldwater. When Goldwater retired from the Senate in 1986, John McCain was elected by this state to fill his seat.
This Texan politician succeeded John F. Kennedy as President and defeated Barry Goldwater for re-election in 1964.
Lyndon Johnson successfully used television ads in his 1964 campaign against Goldwater, including a commercial featuring a little girl counting the petals on this type of flower before a nuclear bomb goes off.
Answer the following about artists who included important elements of their life in their work, for ten points each. This surrealist artist of The Persistence of Memory painted his wife Gala as a group of spheres in Galatea of the Spheres and as the Madonna of Port Lligat.
This artist used his wife, Jo, as a model for paintings like Automat and Chop Suey. She helped provide the title of this man’s painting Nighthawks.
This painting, which drew from memories of Marc Chagall’s birthplace in Belarus, colorfully depicts overlapping elements of Eastern European life, including a man with a scythe and an upside-down violinist in front of an Orthodox church.
During this journey, participants throw rocks at a wall as part of the “stoning of the devil.” For ten points each, Name this pilgrimage undertaken by Muslims to visit the Ka’aba in Saudi Arabia.
The focus of the Hajj is the Ka’aba in this holiest city in Islam, the birthplace of Mohammad. While not required, pilgrims can choose to visit Medina before or after reaching this city.
After reaching Mecca, pilgrims visit this hill just outside the city where Mohammad delivered the Farewell Sermon.
Gutta-percha is a naturally occurring form of this substance, also found in the juice of milkweed and dandelions. For ten points each, Identify this substance that is commercially harvested by tapping trees. This substance is used to produce tires, elastic bands, and the soles of shoes.
Because natural rubber consists of a long, repeating chain of identical isoprene subunits, it is classified as this type of large molecule. Silk and cellulose are also described by this term.
Nearly all rubber used in modern manufacturing has undergone this process of heating with sulfur to create stronger bonds between polymer chains. This process was patented by Charles Goodyear in the 19th century.
This poet said he would one day claim that, “Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, / I took the one less traveled by / And that has made all the difference.” For ten points each, Name this poet, who admitted that both paths “equally lay” in “The Road Not Taken.”
In another poem, Frost wrote, “Some say the world will end in” this substance, and said that “from what [he’d] tasted of desire,” he agreed, even though “for destruction ice / is also great / and would suffice.”
In Frost’s poem “Mending Wall,” Frost describes fixing a stone fence with another man who claims that “good fences make” this two-word phrase.
For ten points each, answer the following about Elon Musk’s entrepreneurial adventures. This online money transfer company co-founded by Musk was formed in 2001 as the merger of Confinity, an online payment company, and X.com [“X com”], an online banking company founded by Musk.
In December 2016, out of anger with L.A. traffic, Musk created this company to dig holes in the ground, preferably so that cars could drive through the resulting tunnels.
In a public relations stunt for another one of his companies, Musk sent one of these objects as the dummy payload for Space X’s Falcon Heavy rocket in February 2018.
In physics, applying this operation to work with respect to time yields power. For ten points each, Identify this calculus operation that relates the velocity of an object to a change in its position. Graphically, this operation is the same as finding the slope of a line tangent to a curve.
This scientist explained how to take the derivative of a function, such as velocity, in his 1687 work Principia. According to one story, a falling apple inspired this man to develop the universal law of gravity.
Taking the third derivative of position with respect to time yields this quantity. This quantity, the rate of change in acceleration, must be minimized in roller coaster loops and can result in whiplash from car crashes.
Commentators noted that the format of this tournament’s knockout rounds made it advantageous for England and Belgium to try to lose their last group stage match against each other. For ten points each, Name this 2018 soccer tournament that was held in Russia. Belgium won that match, then lost in the quarterfinals to Brazil, while England lost in the semifinals on penalty kicks.
This country, a rival of England, won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Antoine Griezmann, Paul Pogba, and dynamo Kylian Mbappe scoring goals in the final.
This country upset England in the semifinals, then lost to France in the final, where Mario Mandzukic [man-joo- kitch] gave up an own goal to open the scoring.
One of these works was produced by minister Elijah Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois until 1837, when a pro-slavery mob murdered him and destroyed his printing press. For ten points each, Name this type of work. The Liberator was another anti-slavery examples of this type of periodical.
The Liberator was published by Isaac Knapp and this man, who infamously burned a copy of the Constitution in 1854, calling it an “Agreement with Hell” for its support of slavery.
After the Civil War, many abolitionists turned their focus to women’s rights; in 1868, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and this woman co-founded and published The Revolution.
One of these characters complains that a sailor’s wife refused to share her chestnuts, and decides to sail in a sieve to Aleppo to get magical revenge on the woman’s husband. For ten points each, Identify these unnamed characters, who hail a Scottish soldier as the “thane of Glamis,” “thane of Cawdor,” and one who “shalt be king hereafter” in a Shakespeare play.
The Weird Sisters predict the futures of Banquo and the title man in this “Scottish play” by Shakespeare, whose title character murders the king to gain the throne with the encouragement of his ambitious wife.
Macbeth murders this king to briefly seize the throne of Scotland. This man’s son Malcolm later reclaims the throne with the help of Macduff.
For ten points each, give the following about Vaslav Nijinsky. Nijinsky worked as a performer and choreographer of this art form, in which the company may vacate the stage so that two people can perform a pas de deux [pah-dah-doo]. Nijinsky’s works in this form include The Rite of Spring.
Nijinsky and his company, the Ballets Russes [“ballet” roos], collaborated with this composer on several of his ballets, including The Rite of Spring and The Firebird.
Nijinsky was considered one of the finest ballet dancers of his time, in part because he could perform this ballet technique in which all of the dancer’s weight is placed on the toes. Sustaining this technique is nearly impossible for most male dancers.
Regions along this national border include Kootenai National Forest, Glacier National Park, and the Blackfeet Reservation. For ten points each, The border between these two countries is the longest between any two nations in the world.
adjective forms, likeUS-Canadian border; prompt on a partial answer) Kootenai National Forest, Glacier National Park, and the Blackfeet Reservation are all found in this US state, which has the second longest portion of the US-Canadian border after Alaska.
The Blackfeet Reservation lies on the border between Montana and this Canadian province, the westernmost of the two that border Montana. Driving north into this province from Montana may take you through Lethbridge on your way to Calgary.
Answer the following about Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat, for ten points each. The Persian title Ribaiyat indicates that Khayyam’s poems are written in this format. These poetic stanzas include four lines each.
Khayyam’s most famous quatrain has been re-translated many times, but always includes a reference to a jug of this drink, which he says can make the wilderness a paradise when accompanied by a loaf of bread and a book of verse.
Another Khayyam poem describes this mystical bodypart, which “writes / and, having writ, moves on.”
When this condition occurs during the summer months it is called estivation. For ten points each, Name this inactive state of some animals during the winter, in which heart rate and breathing slow down and body temperature drops below normal. Bears, bats, and many rodents experience this state.
By definition, only mammals and birds hibernate because they can be described by this term, meaning they maintain a constant internal temperature.
Hummingbirds and some small mammals experience a daily fluctuation in body temperature that is controlled by one of these rhythms. These 24-hour cycles also determine sleep patterns in humans.
This European country lost the 1896 Battle of Adowa, ending its first attempt to conquer an East African country. For ten points each, Name this country that re-invaded Abyssinia in 1935 under Benito Mussolini.
This African country, known as Abyssinia at the time of its Italian invasion, was led by Haile Selassie [hay-lee seh-lah-see] when it was conquered and annexed by Italy in the 1930s.
Italy invaded Ethiopia despite both countries being members of this international organization, which was supposed to prevent such wars. When Haile Selassie went to speak to this body in May 1936, the Italian delegation jeered and was kicked out of the room.
This god was a protector of Ra on his nightly journey through the Duat. For ten points each, Name this desert god, represented by an unidentifiable beast. This evil brother of Isis was the brother-husband of Nephthys [NEFF-this].
Seth killed this god, his brother, twice; the second time, he scattered the pieces of this god’s body across Egypt. This god’s son, Horus, then fought a long war with Seth over control of Egypt.
After the first time Seth killed Osiris, Isis found his body inside a pillar, which became this symbol of Osiris. This symbol of stability and strength represents the backbone of Osiris and was used in funerals to ensure the resurrection of a dead person, just as Isis had returned Osiris to life.
A theorem by a French mathematician states that if a prime number has a remainder of one when it’s divided by four, like thirteen and seventeen do, then it can be written as the sum of two of these numbers. For ten points each, Name this type of whole number. A theorem by Lagrange notes that every natural number can be written as the sum of four of these numbers.
This French mathematician names the aforementioned theorem about sums of two squares. This man didn’t bother to write out a proof for the theorem, or for his “Last Theorem.”
Prime numbers that follow Fermat’s theorem on the sum of two squares are named for this ancient Greek mathematician. More famously, he names a geometric formula that involves adding two squared numbers to find the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
In 1956, this country invaded Egypt in what is sometimes known as the Sinai War. For ten points each, Name this country whose prime minister is Benjamin Netanyahu.
After France was granted control of the Levant in the end of World War I, the Hashemites established an Arab Kingdom in this country and unsuccessfully fought the French. Today, this country is controversially led by Bashar al-Assad.
In 1967, Israel and Syria fought in this short conflict that involved a battle at Golan Heights and the capture of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and old Jerusalem.
This author’s only work was discovered in the achterhuis [ock-tur-hwees] by Miep Gies, who worked for this author’s father, Otto. For ten points each, Name this German-born author, whose work was published as The Diary of a Young Girl shortly after World War II.
The achterhuis was Anne Frank’s hiding place in this European city, where she and her family had gone to try to flee the Holocaust.
Anne Frank’s diary is largely addressed to an unknown girl with this name.
A second occurrence of this phase in any calendar month is known as a blue moon. For ten points each, Name this phase in which the portion of the Moon’s surface visible from Earth is greatest. A lunar eclipse can only occur during this phase.
The transition of the Moon from new to full can be described by this term, which means that the amount of visible surface area is increasing.
More than half of the surface of the moon can actually be seen during full moons because of this phenomenon, the apparent rocking back and forth of the Moon due to its axis tilt and varying orbital speed.
As of 2018, the United Nations has declared this status for only two illnesses: rinderpest and smallpox. For ten points each, Identify this status in which a pathogen can no longer be found in the host population and no new cases of the illness are reported. A decline in childhood vaccination has prevented measles from reaching this status in the United States.
With only small pockets surviving in Africa and South Asia, this disease that can cause paralysis in children may be eradicated in the next decade. The first widely available vaccine against this disease was developed by Jonas Salk in the 1950s.
Much of the funding for global disease eradication comes from a foundation started by this second-richest man in the world and his wife Melinda. This Microsoft co-founder has committed to ending malaria by the year 2040.
This former 30th overall pick recently created a rift in his team’s front office due to his disputes with Karl Anthony-Towns and Andrew Wiggins. For ten points each, Name this shooting guard for the Minnesota Timberwolves who, during the 2018 off-season, requested a trade.
Some have claimed that the Timberwolves are trying to become this team; they acquired Butler from this team in 2017, are coached by their former coach Tom Thibodeau [tih-boh-doh], and have recently signed Taj Gibson and Derrick Rose. Unfortunately, they can’t sign Michael Jordan, who helped this team win six titles in the ‘90s.
The Timberwolves may try to be the Bulls, but it’ll be tough to escape their Minnesota roots. Like baseball’s Twins, the Timberwolves’ home arena is named for this Minnesota retail giant and rival of Walmart.
Answer the following about short poetry from Asia, for ten points each. Omar Khayyam wrote the Rubaiyat, a collection of quatrains, in this language. This was the primary language of a civilization that long held power in what is now Iran.
This Tang-dynasty Chinese poet was one of the Immortals of the Wine Cup, and legendarily died while trying to embrace the reflection of the moon in the Yangtze River.
Favored by Matsuo Basho, this form of short, Japanese poetry typically consists of three lines of 5-7-5 on [ohn], or syllables, and includes a “cutting word” to contrast its images or themes.
Answer some questions about female non-Olympian deities, for ten points each. According to some myths, this goddess of the hearth gave up her seat as an Olympian to Dionysus so she could tend to the fire at Olympus.
Hestia is a child of this Titaness and Kronos. When Kronos began eating his children, this Titaness gave Kronos a stone to eat in place of Zeus.
This earth goddess was the mother of the Titans with Uranus. She gave Cronus the sickle that he used to castrate Uranus.
This event began in October 1934 with an escape from Jiangxi [jee-ahng-shee] and a move to Zunyi, where the Politburo gathered to discuss how to avoid Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists. For ten points each, Name this year-long retreat by the Red Army through China.
This Communist general led the Red Army during the Long March, which solidified his power. This man served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party for 33 years until his 1976 death.
The Chinese Civil War resumed after World War II, and in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists were forced to retreat to this island.
Pitchblende, one of these minerals, was separated by the Curies, allowing the discovery of radium and polonium. For ten points each, Name this type of mineral that is mined for the valuable metals it contains. Hematite is one such mineral source for iron.
Because of its low melting point, this metal with chemical symbol Pb [P-B] is relatively easy to extract from ores. It is used to manufacture acid batteries and bullets.
Once mined by the ancient Egyptians to make the dark eyeliner kohl, this ore is the major source of lead.
Identify the following members of the Noble and Most Ancient House of Black, for ten points each. This man’s name was burned off of the Black family tapestry by his mother, Walburga, after he ran away from home in the 1970s. This man was the best friend of James Potter and the godfather of Harry Potter.
This man, Sirius’s younger brother, took over as family heir after Sirius was disowned. He would likely have been disowned himself if Walburga had discovered that his man had a change of heart and tried to destroy one of Voldemort’s horcruxes.
Sirius’s cousins included Narcissa, Bellatrix, and this woman, who was burned out of the family tapestry after marrying a muggle-born man and producing a daughter named Nymphadora.
This country includes Corfu in the Ionian Islands, Hydra and Aegina in the Saronic Islands, and Naxos in the Cyclades Islands. For ten points each, Name this country that controls several hundred islands in the Aegean Sea, including the Dodecanese [doh-DEH- kah-NEEZ] near Turkey.
The ancient Minoan civilization was based on this island, the largest controlled by Greece.
The largest island in the Dodecanese group is this island, which was once ruled by the Knights Hospitaller. A Wonder of the Ancient World was built on this island and stood until 226 BCE.
In 1973, members of the American Indian Movement led an armed occupation of this town as a protest against federal treatment of Native Americans. For ten points each, Name this small town where, 83 years earlier, Spotted Elk and over one hundred Lakota people were massacred by the 7th Cavalry.
Wounded Knee is a town in the Pine Ridge Reservation, which is found in this US state.
Roughly two dozen US soldiers were given this award for their conduct in the Wounded Knee Massacre. Although Congress resolved to condemn the massacre in 1990, these awards have not been revoked. This is the US military’s highest personal decoration.
For precision machining, engineers can use a hollow core fiber laser or a cutter that shoots jets of this extremely high-temperature substance. For ten points each, Name this fourth state of matter, an ionized gas formed by lightning and high intensity lasers. Stars are also composed of this substance.
Lasers made with hollow core fibers are filled with a low pressure noble gas, such as this element with atomic number eighteen. This gas makes up 0.9% of the earth’s atmosphere, and lamps made with it have a purple glow.
This question’s author uses a hollow core fiber laser to perform an ultrafast type of this technique, in which elements are identified by the wavelengths of light they absorb or emit. The infrared form of this technique uses “fingerprint” regions to identify compounds.
In one opera, this character rapidly repeats his own name in the aria “Largo al Factotum.” For ten points each, Name this character who aids Count Almaviva in The Barber of Seville and is married in a Mozart opera.
This composer of the Barber of Seville also wrote the operas The Thieving Magpie and William Tell. Today, he is best known for the overtures to those works.
Both The Barber of Seville and The Marriage of Figaro are in this language, the native language of Rossini. Most musical markings, including piano and forte, are written in this language.
Answer these questions about the use of the Greek letter mu [mew] in physics, for ten points each. One use of mu is as the symbol for this quantity, the resistance of a fluid to flowing. This quantity is more than six thousand times greater for mayonnaise than for water.
Mu also represents the coefficient of this force that resists the motion of an object as it travels along a surface. To push a box up a ramp, you must overcome the “static” form of this force.
Because the coefficient of friction can only be determined by experiment, instead of calculated from a formula, mu is this type of measurement. This term can refer to any knowledge gained by direct observation or experience.
In this religion, evil souls who attempt to reach the underworld encounter an ever-narrowing bridge and the demon Vizaresh. For ten points each, Name this monotheistic religion that grew out of the teachings of a Persian prophet. In this religion, Angra Mainyu attempts to lure the followers of Ahura Mazda into committing sin.
Zoroastrians commonly pray in temples dedicated to this substance. This substance was, along with water, one of the last primordial elements to be created.
The Zoroastrian version of this ritual involves four days of activities, including the planting of a twig to ensure fertility. In another part of this ritual, a man passes an egg around his head three times and sprinkles a woman with rice.
This author wrote a short story in which an unnamed narrator is sent to ask Simon Wheeler about Leonidas W. Smiley. For ten points each, Name this American author, who wrote about about the supposedly remarkable amphibian Dan’l Webster in “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.”
Mark Twain also created this character, who visits his own funeral after vanishing to Jackson’s Island with Joe Harper and Huckleberry Finn.
This woman, the mother of Tom’s cousin Mary, cares for Tom and his brother, Sid, in St Petersburg, Missouri.
This man made a famous speech stating that the “great questions of the day” would be decided by “blood and iron.” For ten points each, Name this 19th century chancellor who discussed how to unify Germany in that speech.
Bismarck was appointed Prime Minister of this German predecessor state in 1862. This kingdom captured Napoleon III when it fought France in an 1870 war.
In 1862, during a crisis about the re-organization of Prussias military, this man appointed Bismarck Prime Minister. This man served as the first Kaiser of a unified Germany, and his grandson of the same name served as Kaiser during World War I.
A function can be described by this adjective when considered at points not in its domain, but this adjective is most commonly used to describe situations involving an impossible division. For ten points each, Give this adjective that describes expressions like 1 over 0, which cannot be represented by a real number.
The function “f of x equals one over x” is not defined at x equals zero, and instead has this graphical feature along the y-axis. The graph of one over x approaches, but never touches, this vertical feature of the graph.
Of the six basic trigonometric functions, two of them - sine and cosine - are defined along the entire real number line. Two of them are not defined at x equals zero; name either of those functions.
This architect’s Robie House exemplifies his Prairie School style. For ten points each, Name this Midwestern architect who designed many homes from his studio Taliesin [tah-lee-ess-in].
This Frank Lloyd Wright building facing Central Park is designed so that visitors view this museum’s collection of modern art while descending a continuous, spiral ramp around its central rotunda.
Another Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was designed by this stainless-steel-loving architect, who also designed the Prague Dancing House and Millennium Park’s Pritzker Pavilion.
This character is imprisoned by a race of tiny people on the island of Lilliput. For ten points each, Name this traveller who is sold to the Queen of Brobdingnag, dropped into the ocean by a giant eagle, and rescued by the flying island of Laputa.
Gulliver’s Travels is a satirical work by this Irish author who also wrote A Tale of a Tub and Drapier’s Letters.
Swift also wrote this satirical essay, which proposes that Irish Catholics should eat and sell their babies as food to alleviate their economic hardship during the Irish Potato Famine.
This man declared “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!” after hearing of the Supreme Court’s decision in Worcester v. Georgia. For ten points each, Name this US President whose fierce anti-Native sentiment led many Native Americans to be forced out of their ancestral lands and onto the Trail of Tears.
Jackson was Major General at this battle during the War of 1812, which actually took place twelve days after the Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
This Native American tribe fought against the United States on three separate occasions after Andrew Jackson invaded their Florida territories following the War of 1812.
Scholars within this field may focus on pragmatics, in which the context of a message is studied, on semantics, in which the meaning of words or symbols are studied, and/or on syntax, in which the structure of sentences are studied. For ten points each, Name this social science, the study of language.
Linguists often study the historical development of a language, from a simplified pidgin stage, to this more stable stage of a mixed language that can be learned natively by children, and further into varieties, dialects, and languages. This term is also used to described racially-mixed ethnic groups, such as descendants of French settlers in Louisiana.
Linguists have not come to a complete consensus on whether this variety of English evolved from an African creole or an English creole. Linguists do not generally use the controversial term Ebonics for this variety.
Alison Bechdel’s autobiographical work Fun Home is an example of this style of book. For ten points each, Name this style of book, in which a story is told through comic book-style panels of pictures and words.
In this graphic novel, Art Spiegelman describes his father’s experiences during the Holocaust. In this novel, Nazis are portrayed as cats stalking Jews, whom Spiegelman characterizes as the title animals.
In this two-part autobiographical graphic novel, Marjane Satrapi describes growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution in the 1980s.
This Enlightenment thinker wrote about proper methods of education in a work that included the “Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar,” a defense of religious thought that angered both Protestants and Catholics. For ten points each, Name this French philosopher and author of Emile [ay-MEEL] who wrote that “man is born free, but everywhere is in chains” to open his most famous work.
Rousseau’s [roo-SOH’s] best known work is titled for this philosophical concept, the implicit agreement between people and their government in which some personal freedom is given up in exchange for protection of other rights.
accept Du contrat social; ou Principes du droit politique) Rousseau’s Social Contract argued in favor of democracy and against the idea that this type of ruler was divinely empowered to rule; Rousseau’s work thus inspired the French Revolution.
Answer these questions about the principles of green chemistry, for ten points each. A major goal of green chemistry is the use of agricultural byproducts to generate non-hazardous types of these chemicals that dissolve the solute in a solution. Water is often called the “universal” one of these substances.
Many green chemists are developing totally sustainable ways of generating this engine fuel from vegetable oils. Algae and waste grease from cooking can also be processed into this fuel.
Green chemistry promotes the use of wood vinegar as a safe alternative to synthetic types of these chemicals like DDT. Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring and the 1984 Union Carbide disaster in India both concerned this type of chemical.
In a poem about these animals, one of them “dips his wing / in the orange sun rays / and dares to claim the sky.” For ten points each, Name this animal. One of these animals “sings / with a fearful trill / of things unknown / but longed for still” in a poem that declares “I know why the caged” one of these animals “sings.”
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is the title of both a poem and an autobiography by this American poet of “On the Pulse of Morning.”
Maya Angelou recited “On the Pulse of Morning” at one of these events in 1993. At one of these events for John F. Kennedy in 1961, Robert Frost was scheduled to recite his poem “Dedication,” but recited “The Gift Outright” instead.
The Greeks referred to this man as Ozymandias. For ten points each, Name this “great” Egyptian pharaoh who defeated the Nile “Sea People” and claimed a victory at the 1274 BCE Battle of Kadesh.
The “Sea People” were allies of these people, who fought Ramesses the Great at the Battle of Kadesh. The empire of these people was largely based in modern Turkey.
The Battle of Kadesh is generally agreed to be the largest battle of forces using this wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle.
Give the following about rectilinear polygons, which are usually drawn such that all of their sides are either horizontal or vertical, for ten points each. Like all polygons, rectilinear polygons can be classified by this adjective if every line segment between two points on their edges stays within the interior of the polygon. Polygons without this quality are called concave.
Every interior angle in a convex rectilinear polygon is this type of angle, with a measure between that of an acute and an obtuse angle.
Tracing movement in this form of geometry will create a rectilinear polygon, because this type of distance is defined by movements parallel to the Cartesian axes, as you would see while driving a car in a city.
Answer the following about Pablo Picasso, for ten points each. Picasso co-founded this geometric and fragmented style with Georges Braque. Many of his works were in the “analytic” and “synthetic” forms of this style.
This early cubist painting by Picasso depicts five angular, nude woman. The faces of two of the figures in this painting are inspired by African masks.
Avignon) Before his cubist phase, Picasso went through this “period” in his work, which was characterized by cool tones and depressing themes. The Old Guitarist is a painting from this period.
In 1754, this man surrendered over 300 men to Louis Coulon de Villiers, the only military surrender of his career. For ten points each, Name this Virginian who, decades later, led the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
Washington’s surrender was one of the precursors to this conflict. This war, the North American theater of the Seven Years’ War, was named for the pair of opponents faced by the British and their colonial allies.
After taking thirty-one casualties in a small skirmish, Washington surrendered this hastily-built fort to the French.
This astronomer determined that the Andromeda Nebula was not actually a nebula. For ten points each, Name this American astronomer, the namesake of a low-orbit telescope launched in 1990, and of a law that relates the redshift of objects in space to their distance from an observer.
The Andromeda Nebula was actually one of these systems, outside the Milky Way. This term describes a rotating collection of billions of stars with a black hole at its center, and can have a spiral or irregular shape.
Hubble classified galaxies using a Y-shaped diagram named for this acoustical device. The two prongs of this diagram separate the barred and unbarred spiral galaxies.
Some characters in this novel change a long-held slogan from “four legs good, two legs bad” to “four legs good, two legs better.” For ten points each, Name this novel about the growing dictatorship of Napoleon, an allegory of Soviet Russia that plays out in a barnyard, written by George Orwell.
In Animal Farm, this horse adopts the personal mantra “I will work harder” as he works tirelessly to build a silo.
This elderly pig gives a speech that inspires the animals’ rebellion, but his death begins the power struggle between Napoleon and Snowball.
Answer the following about water in the life of Jesus, for ten points each. As a young adult, Jesus was submerged in the Jordan River by this man, the son of Elizabeth who was sent to “prepare the way” for Jesus.
At his mother’s request, Jesus performed this feat, his first miracle, during the wedding at Cana.
Jesus gathered his disciples from around this sea, where he demonstrated his ability to walk on water.
In 2018, the Internet exerted enough pressure to make this musical experience happen, but it wasn’t that much different from the original version. For ten points each, Name this song, whose speaker notes that “It’s gonna take a lot to drag me away from you” before blessing the rains in the title place.
The Internet campaign to get Weezer to cover “Africa” began with a tweet to this lead singer of Weezer.
Weezer’s music video for “Africa” doesn’t feature Rivers Cuomo; instead, Cuomo is played by this singer of numerous polka covers and parody songs like “White and Nerdy.”
This body of water cuts into a US state, creating the Olympic Peninsula to its west. For ten points each, Name this sound, which is connected to the Pacific Ocean via the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Its water reaches the cities of Tacoma and Olympia.
Puget Sound cuts into this US state in the Pacific Northwest, giving Seattle a coastline.
This highest mountain in Washington, and in and all of the Cascades, poses a massive volcanic threat to Tacoma and other cities on Puget Sound.
Answer these questions about electrolysis, for ten points each. In electrolysis, an electric current is used to power a chemical reaction, commonly done to perform this action on molecules. For example, performing electrolysis on water creates hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
component elements; do not accept descriptions related to just a phase change) One common electrolytic cell is the rechargeable battery using this lightest alkali metal with symbol Li.
An electrolytic cell can be modeled as two half-reactions: a reduction that occurs at the cathode, and an oxidation that occurs at this positive electrode.
This man famously crossed the Rubicon to take control of Rome. For ten points each, Name this Roman “dictator-in-perpetuity” who was killed on the Ides of March.
Prior to becoming dictator of Rome, Julius Caesar fought a group of people from this region, now a part of France. His victory at the Battle of Alesia solidified Roman control of this region.
This chief of the Arverni people was the greatest Gallic belligerent and lost at the Siege of Alesia. This man was later paraded through Rome and strangled to death.
In one myth, this god dresses up as Freyja at a wedding to retrieve his stolen weapon from the giant Thrym [thrimm]. For ten points each, Name this wielder of the hammer Mjolnir [mee-YOLL-neer], the Norse god of thunder.
In the Prose Edda, Thor loses a wrestling match to Elli, who is the personification of this state of being, since no one can avoid this state of being.
At Ragnarok, Thor will kill and be killed by this creature. This creature is so large that its body wraps around the Earth.
This composer’s final opera was based on Tolstoy’s War and Peace. For ten points each, Name this composer who adapted a fairy tale into his opera The Love For Three Oranges and wrote ballets based on Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella.
Prokofiev is best known for this narrated work, which uses different instruments to represent characters such as the bird, the cat, and a duck that gets swallowed alive by one of the title characters.
This largest standard woodwind instrument represents the grandfather in Peter and the Wolf. This double-reed instrument is usually held diagonally when played.
In a novella by this man, a town declines to intervene in the death of Santiago Nassar, though they are all aware of his impending murder. For ten points each, Name this Colombian author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold, One Hundred Years of Solitude, and a novel about a love triangle between Florentino, Fermina, and Doctor Urbino.
Florentino, Fermina, and Doctor Urbino appear in a Garcia Marquez novel titled for Love in the Time of this illness, which Doctor Urbino strives to eradicate. This illness is spread through contaminated drinking water.
The Garcia Marquez novel One Hundred Years of Solitude follows the rise and fall of the Buendia family in the town of Macondo, which depends on a plantation that grows bunches of these tropical, tree-grown fruits.
By 1940, one-third of Queen Victoria’s male descendants are known to have inherited this disease. For ten points each, Name this genetic illness in which blood does not properly clot, leading to excessive bleeding after even mild injuries.
Most cases of hemophilia are sex-linked because the mutation is carried on this chromosome. Females possess two of this chromosome and males have one paired with a Y-chromosome.
A less common sex-linked disorder is hypo-phospha-temia, also known as the dominant type of this bone disease. Children with this disease cannot absorb vitamin D, resulting in short stature and painful, bowed legs.
On October 20, 1973, this man ordered Elliot Richardson to fire Archibald Cox; when Richardson refused and resigned, this man went down the line to William Ruckelshaus, who also refused to fire Cox and resigned. For ten points each, Name this US President who orchestrated the “Saturday Night Massacre.” Six months later, this man resigned once it was clear he would be impeached for his part in the coverup of the Watergate scandal.
Until the Saturday Night Massacre, Elliot Richardson held this Cabinet post, which leads the Justice Department. This is the only Cabinet post other than Vice President whose title does not include “Secretary.”
Nixon asked Richardson and Ruckelshaus to fire Archibald Cox from this position, the leader of the investigation into the Watergate scandal. Robert Mueller currently holds this position with regards to Russian interference in the 2016 elections.
This religion holds that the Buddha, Mohammad, and Jesus are all manifestations of a single god. For ten points each, Name this off-shoot of Islam founded by the Bab. This religion is led by a ruling body called the Universal House of Justice, and divides a year into nineteen months of nineteen days each.
Followers of Baha’i [bah-hah-ee] believe that neither hell nor this pleasant afterlife have physical locations. Rather, they believe that this location is a spiritual state especially near to God.
Adult Baha’is are required to perform an “obligatory” form of this action once daily while facing the shrine of Baha’u’llah, who wrote the standard text for these religious actions. In Islam, this action is performed while facing the Ka’aba in Mecca.
This short story concludes that “of all who give gifts,” this story’s protagonists “were the wisest.” For ten points each, Name this short story in which Della cuts her hair to buy a chain for her husband, James, only to discover that he has sold his watch to buy a present for her.
In “The Gift of the Magi,” Jim buys these jeweled decorations for Della with the money gained by selling his watch.
“The Gift of the Magi” is a short story by this author, who also wrote “A Retrieved Reformation” and “The Ransom of Red Chief.”
The “Crime of ‘73” ended a policy in which people who owned this commodity could freely have it struck into coins at the Mint. For ten points each, Name this precious metal that bimetallists wanted the US government to use, along with gold, in the minting of coins.
This bimetallist ran for President in 1896, electrifying the audience at the Democratic National Convention with the “Cross of Gold” speech.
The biggest support group for free silver was this class of workers, who hoped that the ensuing inflation would help them pay their debts. The Grange was a fraternal organization of these workers, who fueled the rise of a brief Populist Party in the late 1800s.
Examples of this symbiotic relationship include cattle egrets that feed on insects stirred up by buffalo; and remoras that attach themselves to sharks. For ten points each, Name this symbiotic relationship, in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. Humans have this relationship with eyelash mites, and most bacteria that live on our skin.
About three-fourths of the species in this plant family are commensalists, growing on the branches of trees. More than one hundred thousand varieties of these flowers are raised in greenhouses, including the one that produces vanilla extract.
Thehermit typeofthesecrustaceans actascommensalists by living inside discardedsnail shells. Other commercially harvested species of these include the Dungeness and Alaskan king.
This enormous composite sculpture originally included a depiction of Francesca da Rimini and her lover, Paolo, embracing in The Kiss. For ten points each, Name this massive work depicting scenes from Dante’s Inferno that also contains a smaller version of its sculptor’s work The Thinker.
This artist worked on The Gates of Hell for half of his life. He also sculpted works such as The Walking Man and The Burghers of Calais.
Rodin [roh-DAN] worked primarily by casting sculptures out of this alloy of copper and tin. Critics falsely accused Rodin of casting his intricate sculpture The Age of this material from a living model.
Give the following about the formula for linear equations, “y equals m x plus b,” for ten points each. The m in the formula represents this property of a line, indicating its steepness and direction.
If a line is increasing, m will be this type of number.
information noting that m could be equal to 0) Consider the line with equation “y equals 10 x plus 10.” How many of the four quadrants does the graph of this line pass through?
Speakers at this event included David Hogg, who has been accused of being a “crisis actor,” and Emma Gonzalez, who led a six-minute long moment of silence. For ten points each, Name this March 24, 2018 demonstration and protest against gun violence, led by survivors of a February 2018 school shooting.
Gonzalez and Hogg attended this school, where 17 students and staff were killed in the aforementioned February 2018 attack.
Stoneman Douglas High School is located in this state. In 2016, 49 people were killed in the Pulse nightclub shooting in this state’s city of Orlando.
The owner of one of these animals meets her lover at a performance of The Geisha. For ten points each, Name this animal. In the aforementioned short story, Dmitri Gurov begins an affair with Anna after meeting her in Yalta where she is walking one of these animals, a small Pomeranian.
The Lady with the Lapdog; accept The Lady with the Pet Dog; accept The Lady with the Little Dog; accept Dama s sobachkoy) “The Lady with the Dog” is a short story by this Russian author of plays like Ivanov, Uncle Vanya, and The Seagull.
In this Chekhov play, the title property is chopped down and replaced with cottages by the merchant Lopakhin, who purchases the title grove from Madame Ranevskaya.
The upper hand in this war shifted drastically after a 17-year-old peasant girl with religious visions joined the army in 1429. For ten points each, Name this war between England and France that began in 1337.
In 1429, the French lifted a six-month-long siege of this vital city on the Loire River, preventing the English from taking southern France.
This peasant girl inspired troops at Orleans [ohr-lay-OWN] and led the French to Reims [rehm]. She was captured at Compiegne [com-pee-yen] by the Burgundians and burned at the stake after a show trial.
On National Weather Service maps, two types of these features are marked with lines of blue triangles or red semicircles. For ten points each, Name these boundaries between air masses of different temperature and density. Thunderstorms and other severe weather typically form along one of these boundaries.
Besides fronts, weather maps often show these lines that connect locations of equal air pressure. One of these lines that forms a closed loop can mark a high pressure system.
When a map shows tightly bunched isobars and perpendicular isotherms over land, there is a strong chance one of these rotating storms will form. Many of these occur each year in a namesake alley that stretches from Texas to Minnesota.
Answer the following about the pop culture inspirations of Binging With Babish, a popular YouTube cooking channel starring Andrew Rea [ray], for ten points each. In the most popular video on the channel, Rea makes a Krabby Patty, as made by this yellow Nickelodeon character on his namesake show. He accurately complains that putting the lettuce directly above the meat patty is a terrible idea.
On another episode, Rea makes congee [con-jee], a rice porridge. The congee is topped with eggs and bacon in the shape of a smiley face, the way the dragon Mushu makes it in this 1998 Disney film.
Another episode explains how to make this rosewater-flavored confection, which is offered by the White Witch in the Chronicles of Narnia and “tastes like potpourri,” according to the video.
The prologue of this collection claims that April is when people long to go on pilgrimages and come from every part of England to seek the “holy blissful martyr.” For ten points each, Name this collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims, including a Knight and a Nun, as they stop at the Tabard Inn on the way to the grave of a famous archbishop, written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
In the Canterbury Tales, this frequently-married woman with a gap in her front teeth tells a story in which Queen Guinevere sends a knight to find what women most desire.
In this man’s story, an old carpenter is tricked by his young wife, Alison, and a pair of clerks named Nicholas and Absolon.
Answer these questions about some physical properties used as identifiers in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, for ten points each. One column in the table of physical constants lists this property, which is defined as a substance’s ratio of mass to volume. Ice has a value of 0.92 grams per cubic centimeter for this property, allowing it to float in liquid water.
While many descriptions of the non-metal elements include the term brittle, most metals are described by this word, which means they can be hammered into thin sheets.
The Handbook’s table of thermodynamic properties includes this one defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Gold has a very low value for this property while liquid water has a value above four.
Answer the following about geographic landmarks in California, for ten points each. This valley of the Mojave Desert reaches nearly 300 feet below sea level at Badwater Basin. Its Furnace Creek set the American record for hottest air temperature in 1913.
Less than 100 miles away from Death Valley is this tallest mountain in the lower 48 states. The John Muir Trail, named for a 20th-century conservationist, ends at this peak’s summit.
The John Muir Trail winds through this mountain range, passing through the Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. Only a small portion of this range called the Carson Spur is found outside California.
This form evolved from the ricercar [REE-cher-kar], and it is often contrasted with the simpler canon. For ten points each, Name this contrapuntal style in which voices repeat and embellish on a central theme. In each set of The Well- Tempered Clavier, twenty-four pieces in this style are paired with twenty-four preludes.
This Baroque composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier showed his mastery of the fugue [fyoog] in an unfinished Art of the Fugue. He also wrote 6 Brandenburg Concertos and was the father of several notable composers.
Some of Bach’s fugues, such as the Little Fugue in G minor and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, were written for this massive pipe instrument usually found in churches.
The original form of this document listed 16 articles, which became condensed and contracted into 12 articles by its 1789 approval by Congress. For ten points each, Name this document. Ten of its articles were ratified and applied to the US Constitution in 1791 as the first amendments.
This Founding Father was elected to the first Congress after pledging to introduce a Bill of Rights, which he drafted and presented to the House.
The first two of the 12 original articles were not ratified by the states by 1791 and did not make it into the Constitution as part of the Bill of Rights. Article 1 provided formulas for calculating Congressional apportionment and is still technically pending before the states, and Article 2 concerned Congressional pay raises and ultimately became this amendment in 1992.
Answer the following about very different mythological weavers, for ten points each. Name this Greek woman who foolishly challenged Athena to a weaving contest. Her pride was well-placed, as she easily bested the goddess, but she was turned into a spider nonetheless.
In this country’s folklore, the Jade Emperor prevented his daughter, the Goddess Weaver, from returning to Earth to meet her husband by creating the Milky Way. Later, he took pity on her and allowed her to see her husband on the seventh day of the lunar calendar.
The Egyptian goddess Neith wove the fabric of the world every day, but broke the mold of a peaceful weaver by also being a god of this type. In her role as a god of this type she produced weapons and guarded the bodies of dead warriors.
For ten points each, give the following the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi [why-tahn-gee]. The treaty was written by British colonizers and purposefully mistranslated when described to leaders of this ethnic group, which didn’t intend to give up all sovereignty to the British. Western contact with these people led to a period of infighting called the Musket Wars.
The Maori were forced to give up their land rights in what is now this country. Like the Aborigines in Australia to the west, the Maori people had been native to this country for centuries before Western contact.
The physical document of the Treaty of Waitangi is held in New Zealand’s National Library in this capital city on the North Island.
In a novel by this author, a group of squirrels decide that Veruca is a bad nut and throw her down a trash chute in a candy factory. For ten points each, Name this author of bizarre children’s books like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
In this Roald Dahl novel, the title orphan flies away from his awful aunts in a huge piece of fruit, accompanied by a grasshopper, a centipede, a worm, a spider, a ladybug, and a silkworm.
In this other animal-themed book by Roald Dahl, the title character creates an underground society by stealing from farmers Boggis, Bunce, and Bean.
Accurate dating of Stone Age artifacts is possible because this value is equal to 5,730 years for the carbon-14 isotope. For ten points each, Identify this quantity, the average time needed for fifty percent of a radioactive sample to decay into a new element. This quantity is 4.5 billion years for uranium-238.
Carbon-14 undergoes this type of radioactive decay, in which an electron is emitted while a neutron is converted into a proton.
One famous example of radioactive dating in archaeology involves this Italian relic of the Roman Catholic Church. It shows the face and body of a buried man believed by some to be Jesus, but radiocarbon tests only date this item to the fourteenth century.
Answer the following about two similarly named but very different novels, for ten points each. Name either the novel about Griffin, a scientist who creates a serum that makes him disappear, or the novel about an unnamed African-American narrator who feels unseen by society. The only difference between the two books’ titles is the first article.
The Invisible Man is by H.G. Wells, but Invisible Man is by this African-American author, who also wrote Juneteenth.
Although Ralph Ellison’s work isn’t typically classified as part of this region’s Renaissance, he lived and worked in this New York neighborhood, where he set much of Invisible Man.
Frederick Sanger is the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, both of which were for determining the sequence of biomolecules. Answer these questions about his work, for ten points each. Sanger’s first Nobel Prize was awarded for finding the complete amino acid sequence of this hormone produced in the beta cells of the pancreas. Type one diabetics must take injections of this hormone to regulate their blood sugar.
Sanger’s second Nobel Prize was for his method of sequencing these building blocks of DNA. Each of these molecules consists of a sugar, phosphate, and base.
The Sanger method of nucleotide sequencing eventually made possible this three billion dollar project that determined all base pairs in the 46 chromosomes of Homo sapiens. This project’s initial report was published in 2001 and made free to the public.
The writers of this question are not lawyers, so we strongly advise you to not treat the information in this bonus about legal defenses as official legal advice. For ten points each, American court cases can be decided in a bench trial, in which the judge renders the verdict, or in a trial decided by one of these groups of people. Most criminal cases have 12 people, plus some alternates, in this group.
The M’Naughten test, named for the attempted assassin of Robert Peel, is used to determine whether a defendant can claim this defense, which is used to explain why the defendant was not responsible for their actions.
This Constitutional amendment protects defendants from double jeopardy, or from being put on trial for the same offense twice.
Beethoven claimed to see a “spark of divine genius” within this composer, whose Symphony No. 4 is sometimes called his Tragic Symphony. For ten points each, Name this Austrian composer who, despite dying at the age of 31, wrote 9 symphonies including the Little C Major, the Great C Major, and a famous Unfinished eighth symphony.
Franz Schubert also wrote over 15 works, including Death and the Maiden, for string quartet, an ensemble including a viola, a cello, and two of these string instruments.
Schubert’s “Death and the Maiden” string quartet was inspired by a lied [leed] he had written three years earlier. Lieder are German songs most commonly set for one of these musicians and a piano accompanist.
This city-state’s agoge [uh-goh-gay] system trained young men for battle and inclusion in society; the training was successful enough that this city-state went without walls. For ten points each, Name this highly militaristic ancient Greek city-state that lost 300 warriors in a mountain pass at Thermopylae in 480 BCE.
The main Spartan force was not available for combat at Thermopylae, but Sparta did send an advance guard of 300 men under this king, who died with his men after a three-day battle.
Leonidas’ 300 Spartans were defeated by this empire’s much larger force: over 2 million troops if you believe Herodotus, which scholars don’t. Xerxes [zerk-zees] led this empire against the Greeks, but was defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis.
Attempts to keep this drink’s price down included stocking vending machines with a few randomly empty bottles and asking the US Mint to create a 7.5 cent coin. For ten points each, Name this drink, which was sold for five cents for roughly seventy years. This drink’s biggest rival claims it tastes better in blind taste tests known as the “Pepsi Challenge.”
Some conspiracy theorists believe that Coca-Cola introduced this drink in 1985 just so that they could enjoy a sales boost when they re-introduced “Coca-Cola Classic.”
Other conspiracy theorists believe that the New Coke plan was a gambit to switch the Coke formula from cane sugar to this cheaper sweetener, which has a four-letter acronym.
This novel is one of its author’s Voyages extraordinaires [voh-YAHJ ex-tra-or-dee-NAYR], a series of early science fiction adventure novels that explore the furthest reaches of the Earth. For ten points each, Name this novel in which Professor Otto Lidenbrock leads an expedition through a volcano and into a series of undiscovered caverns, where he finds a hidden world of giants and dinosaurs deep underground.
centre de la Terre) In Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Lidenbrock’s expedition begins at the Snaefell volcano in this Nordic country. This country is the home of Hans Bjelke [Hans b-YELL-kuh], Professor Lidenbrock’s guide.
This early French science fiction author’s adventure novels include Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
This physics principle explains why a narrowing of the carotid artery will lead to a drop in blood pressure. For ten points each, Name this principle which states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure it exerts decreases. This effect also explains why the high winds of a hurricane can cause a roof to be lifted off by the higher pressure inside the house.
Bernoulli’s equation can be determined from the fact that as an ideal fluid moves through a tube, the sum of potential energy and this form of energy must be constant. This energy of motion is often given by the formula “one-half times mass times velocity squared.”
One important application of Bernoulli’s principle is the design of wings for these vehicles. Because air travels faster over the top of the wing, lift is generated, which allows these vehicles to fly.
For ten points each, name the following cash crops of the American South. Pro-secession politicians argued that the South could stand on its own because its slaves provided this “King” crop, which was necessary for the North’s textile industry to function.
John Rolfe developed the Orinoco strain of this crop, which he grew in the Virginia colony at the start of the 17th century. It became the backbone of the Virginian economy.
Plantations in South Carolina, such as those owned by the Pinckney family, grew this crop that can be processed into a blue dye.
The holder of this position is also the Bishop of Rome. For ten points each, Name this leader of the Vatican and the Holy See. This position, currently held by Francis, is the head of the Catholic Church.
The Pope is elected by a conclave of these church leaders, known for their red vestments.
After this event, a Pope is tapped on the head three times with a silver hammer while being called by their birth name. This event is confirmed by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church who claims the Ring of the Fisherman until it is destroyed.
Low-quality telescope lenses probably explain why some astronomers saw crisscrossing canals on this planet for more than thirty years. For ten points each, Name this outermost of the Solar System’s rocky planets, known for its red color.
Larger in area than the state of Arizona, this volcano on Mars is the biggest in the Solar System. Its summit reaches a height of sixteen miles.
The lowest point on Mars is found within this impact crater in the southern hemisphere. Atmospheric pressure is so great at the bottom of this crater it could potentially hold liquid water.
Falsely accused French traitor Alfred Dreyfus was imprisoned on Devil’s Island off the coast of what is now this country. For ten points each, Name this South American departement of France, the easternmost of three small countries on the northern border of Brazil.
The three countries of the Guiana region were each colonized by different European powers; French Guiana is directly east of this former Dutch colony whose capital is Paramaribo.
In 1964, France chose the district of Kourou in French Guiana as their location to perform this action. The decision was based on its proximity to the equator and its expanse of open water to the east, the same reasons why the US picked Cape Canaveral in Florida for this purpose.
A military operation in this country called Operation Eagle Claw was authorized only when Secretary of State Cyrus Vance took a brief vacation and was not present to oppose the plan. For ten points each, Name this country that took 52 Americans hostage in 1979 and released them moments after Ronald Reagan was sworn in as President in 1981.
This US President from Georgia was unable to resolve the Iran hostage crisis, either with Operation Eagle Claw or diplomatic measures.
Vance supported diplomatic talks with Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the Supreme Leader of Iran a month after the hostages were taken. Khomeini held this religious title, which means “Sign of God” in Arabic.
This term, which can also apply to functions and polynomials, is called the multiplicative inverse when it describes a real number. For ten points each, Give this mathematical term for a number found by taking one divided by an original number. For the number four, this number is one-fourth.
Zero has no reciprocal, because division by zero is undefined. There are two numbers that are their own reciprocals; name both.
only one number is given) This positive number is approximately equal to 1.618, and is exactly equal to one plus this number’s reciprocal.
This poet wrote “my [love] is like a red, red rose” and a poem about a drunk man who interrupts a witches’ sabbath. For ten points each, Name this poet of “Tam o’Shanter” and “Auld Lang Syne.”
Burns wrote a poem that says that the “best laid schemes of” these animal “and men / gang aft agley” [gong oft ah-glay]. The poem describes the panic that this tiny rodent feels when her home is destroyed by a plow.
Many of Robert Burns’s poems, such as “Auld Lang Syne” and “Tam o’Shanter,” are written to reflect the speech patterns of people with this home nationality of Burns, who himself lived slightly south of Glasgow and Edinburgh.
This artist sculpted a penitent Mary Magdalene entirely from wood. For ten points each, Name this sculptor of The Feast of Herod and Gattamelata, who also created the first free-standing bronze sculpture since antiquity.
The aforementioned free-standing bronze sculpture depicts this biblical figure wearing a wide-brimmed hat and smiling as he stands over the severed head of his foe, Goliath.
Donatello used marble to sculpt this bald prophet so realistically that Donatello is said to have commanded it to speak. Because of its bald head, Donatello’s statue of this man is nicknamed “Zuccone” or “pumpkin.”
This ruler underwent a campaign of “burning the books and burying the scholars” to suppress Confucianism and unified the various sections in a single Great Wall of China. For ten points each, Name this ancient Chinese ruler whose mausoleum in Shaanxi [shahn-she] became an archaeological find in 1974.
Qin Shi Huang [chin she hwahng] was buried with an army of thousands of sculptures made of this material.
When the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang was discovered in the 20th century, archaeologists studied the soil to verify Sima Qian’s [seema chee-an’s] account that the tomb included rivers of this liquid metal.
This author used the pen name “Jonathan Oldstyle” to write a collection of critical letters, and published the satirical periodical Salmagundi under the pen name “Launcelot Langstaff.” For ten points each, Name this early American author, who used yet another pen name to write The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, a collection of short stories that includes “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon includes this short story, supposedly written by historian Diedrich Knickerbocker, yet another pen name of Irving’s. In this story, the title Dutch settler wakes up from a twenty-year nap in the mountains of New York to discover that he slept through the American Revolution.
Instead of using his real name, Irving credited this collection of stories to “the author of the Sketch Book.” This book includes folk tales and essays about Irving’s travels in Spain, and is named for a castle near Granada. ANSWER:TalesoftheAlhambra(acceptTheAlhambra:aseriesoftalesandsketchesoftheMoorsandSpaniards) (19) Answer the following about the reaction between silver nitrate and potassium phosphate in water, for ten points each. Two products, silver phosphate and potassium nitrate, will form because both reactants have a high value for this constant in water. Silver nitrate’s value for this constant equals the concentration of silver cations times the concentration of nitrate anions.
These creatures were tasked by Zeus to destroy Phineus’s food to punish him for revealing a prophecy given by Zeus. For ten points each, Name these half-bird, half-woman creatures from Greek mythology. These creatures, when not serving as the “hounds of Zeus,” regularly carried off evildoers to the Erinyes.
The harpies would have continued harassing Phineus, likely to the end of time, if it wasn’t for the intervention of this leader of the Argonauts. Phineus thanked this man by telling him how to get past the Symplegades, which allowed this man to continue his quest for the Golden Fleece.
In some stories, Jason also needed the help of Calais and Zetes, the sons of a god of this specific phenomenon. Boreas, the bringer of winter, was a god of this specific phenomenon.
This religion holds that the Buddha, Mohammad, and Jesus are all manifestations of a single god. For ten points each, Name this off-shoot of Islam founded by the Bab. This religion is led by a ruling body called the Universal House of Justice, and divides a year into nineteen months of nineteen days each.
Followers of Baha’i [bah-hah-ee] believe that neither hell nor this pleasant afterlife have physical locations. Rather, they believe that this location is a spiritual state especially near to God.
Adult Baha’is are required to perform an “obligatory” form of this action once daily while facing the shrine of Baha’u’llah, who wrote the standard text for these religious actions. In Islam, this action is performed while facing the Ka’aba in Mecca.
This short story concludes that “of all who give gifts,” this story’s protagonists “were the wisest.” For ten points each, Name this short story in which Della cuts her hair to buy a chain for her husband, James, only to discover that he has sold his watch to buy a present for her.
In “The Gift of the Magi,” Jim buys these jeweled decorations for Della with the money gained by selling his watch.
“The Gift of the Magi” is a short story by this author, who also wrote “A Retrieved Reformation” and “The Ransom of Red Chief.”
The “Crime of ‘73” ended a policy in which people who owned this commodity could freely have it struck into coins at the Mint. For ten points each, Name this precious metal that bimetallists wanted the US government to use, along with gold, in the minting of coins.
This bimetallist ran for President in 1896, electrifying the audience at the Democratic National Convention with the “Cross of Gold” speech.
The biggest support group for free silver was this class of workers, who hoped that the ensuing inflation would help them pay their debts. The Grange was a fraternal organization of these workers, who fueled the rise of a brief Populist Party in the late 1800s.
Examples of this symbiotic relationship include cattle egrets that feed on insects stirred up by buffalo; and remoras that attach themselves to sharks. For ten points each, Name this symbiotic relationship, in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. Humans have this relationship with eyelash mites, and most bacteria that live on our skin.
About three-fourths of the species in this plant family are commensalists, growing on the branches of trees. More than one hundred thousand varieties of these flowers are raised in greenhouses, including the one that produces vanilla extract.
Thehermit typeofthesecrustaceans actascommensalists by living inside discardedsnail shells. Other commercially harvested species of these include the Dungeness and Alaskan king.
This enormous composite sculpture originally included a depiction of Francesca da Rimini and her lover, Paolo, embracing in The Kiss. For ten points each, Name this massive work depicting scenes from Dante’s Inferno that also contains a smaller version of its sculptor’s work The Thinker.
This artist worked on The Gates of Hell for half of his life. He also sculpted works such as The Walking Man and The Burghers of Calais.
Rodin [roh-DAN] worked primarily by casting sculptures out of this alloy of copper and tin. Critics falsely accused Rodin of casting his intricate sculpture The Age of this material from a living model.
Give the following about the formula for linear equations, “y equals m x plus b,” for ten points each. The m in the formula represents this property of a line, indicating its steepness and direction.
If a line is increasing, m will be this type of number.
information noting that m could be equal to 0) Consider the line with equation “y equals 10 x plus 10.” How many of the four quadrants does the graph of this line pass through?
Speakers at this event included David Hogg, who has been accused of being a “crisis actor,” and Emma Gonzalez, who led a six-minute long moment of silence. For ten points each, Name this March 24, 2018 demonstration and protest against gun violence, led by survivors of a February 2018 school shooting.
Gonzalez and Hogg attended this school, where 17 students and staff were killed in the aforementioned February 2018 attack.
Stoneman Douglas High School is located in this state. In 2016, 49 people were killed in the Pulse nightclub shooting in this state’s city of Orlando.
The owner of one of these animals meets her lover at a performance of The Geisha. For ten points each, Name this animal. In the aforementioned short story, Dmitri Gurov begins an affair with Anna after meeting her in Yalta where she is walking one of these animals, a small Pomeranian.
The Lady with the Lapdog; accept The Lady with the Pet Dog; accept The Lady with the Little Dog; accept Dama s sobachkoy) “The Lady with the Dog” is a short story by this Russian author of plays like Ivanov, Uncle Vanya, and The Seagull.
In this Chekhov play, the title property is chopped down and replaced with cottages by the merchant Lopakhin, who purchases the title grove from Madame Ranevskaya.
The upper hand in this war shifted drastically after a 17-year-old peasant girl with religious visions joined the army in 1429. For ten points each, Name this war between England and France that began in 1337.
In 1429, the French lifted a six-month-long siege of this vital city on the Loire River, preventing the English from taking southern France.
This peasant girl inspired troops at Orleans [ohr-lay-OWN] and led the French to Reims [rehm]. She was captured at Compiegne [com-pee-yen] by the Burgundians and burned at the stake after a show trial.
On National Weather Service maps, two types of these features are marked with lines of blue triangles or red semicircles. For ten points each, Name these boundaries between air masses of different temperature and density. Thunderstorms and other severe weather typically form along one of these boundaries.
Besides fronts, weather maps often show these lines that connect locations of equal air pressure. One of these lines that forms a closed loop can mark a high pressure system.
When a map shows tightly bunched isobars and perpendicular isotherms over land, there is a strong chance one of these rotating storms will form. Many of these occur each year in a namesake alley that stretches from Texas to Minnesota.
Answer the following about the pop culture inspirations of Binging With Babish, a popular YouTube cooking channel starring Andrew Rea [ray], for ten points each. In the most popular video on the channel, Rea makes a Krabby Patty, as made by this yellow Nickelodeon character on his namesake show. He accurately complains that putting the lettuce directly above the meat patty is a terrible idea.
On another episode, Rea makes congee [con-jee], a rice porridge. The congee is topped with eggs and bacon in the shape of a smiley face, the way the dragon Mushu makes it in this 1998 Disney film.
Another episode explains how to make this rosewater-flavored confection, which is offered by the White Witch in the Chronicles of Narnia and “tastes like potpourri,” according to the video.
The prologue of this collection claims that April is when people long to go on pilgrimages and come from every part of England to seek the “holy blissful martyr.” For ten points each, Name this collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims, including a Knight and a Nun, as they stop at the Tabard Inn on the way to the grave of a famous archbishop, written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
In the Canterbury Tales, this frequently-married woman with a gap in her front teeth tells a story in which Queen Guinevere sends a knight to find what women most desire.
In this man’s story, an old carpenter is tricked by his young wife, Alison, and a pair of clerks named Nicholas and Absolon.
Answer these questions about some physical properties used as identifiers in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, for ten points each. One column in the table of physical constants lists this property, which is defined as a substance’s ratio of mass to volume. Ice has a value of 0.92 grams per cubic centimeter for this property, allowing it to float in liquid water.
While many descriptions of the non-metal elements include the term brittle, most metals are described by this word, which means they can be hammered into thin sheets.
The Handbook’s table of thermodynamic properties includes this one defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Gold has a very low value for this property while liquid water has a value above four.
Answer the following about geographic landmarks in California, for ten points each. This valley of the Mojave Desert reaches nearly 300 feet below sea level at Badwater Basin. Its Furnace Creek set the American record for hottest air temperature in 1913.
Less than 100 miles away from Death Valley is this tallest mountain in the lower 48 states. The John Muir Trail, named for a 20th-century conservationist, ends at this peak’s summit.
The John Muir Trail winds through this mountain range, passing through the Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. Only a small portion of this range called the Carson Spur is found outside California.
This form evolved from the ricercar [REE-cher-kar], and it is often contrasted with the simpler canon. For ten points each, Name this contrapuntal style in which voices repeat and embellish on a central theme. In each set of The Well- Tempered Clavier, twenty-four pieces in this style are paired with twenty-four preludes.
This Baroque composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier showed his mastery of the fugue [fyoog] in an unfinished Art of the Fugue. He also wrote 6 Brandenburg Concertos and was the father of several notable composers.
Some of Bach’s fugues, such as the Little Fugue in G minor and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, were written for this massive pipe instrument usually found in churches.
The original form of this document listed 16 articles, which became condensed and contracted into 12 articles by its 1789 approval by Congress. For ten points each, Name this document. Ten of its articles were ratified and applied to the US Constitution in 1791 as the first amendments.
This Founding Father was elected to the first Congress after pledging to introduce a Bill of Rights, which he drafted and presented to the House.
The first two of the 12 original articles were not ratified by the states by 1791 and did not make it into the Constitution as part of the Bill of Rights. Article 1 provided formulas for calculating Congressional apportionment and is still technically pending before the states, and Article 2 concerned Congressional pay raises and ultimately became this amendment in 1992.
Answer the following about very different mythological weavers, for ten points each. Name this Greek woman who foolishly challenged Athena to a weaving contest. Her pride was well-placed, as she easily bested the goddess, but she was turned into a spider nonetheless.
In this country’s folklore, the Jade Emperor prevented his daughter, the Goddess Weaver, from returning to Earth to meet her husband by creating the Milky Way. Later, he took pity on her and allowed her to see her husband on the seventh day of the lunar calendar.
The Egyptian goddess Neith wove the fabric of the world every day, but broke the mold of a peaceful weaver by also being a god of this type. In her role as a god of this type she produced weapons and guarded the bodies of dead warriors.
For ten points each, give the following the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi [why-tahn-gee]. The treaty was written by British colonizers and purposefully mistranslated when described to leaders of this ethnic group, which didn’t intend to give up all sovereignty to the British. Western contact with these people led to a period of infighting called the Musket Wars.
The Maori were forced to give up their land rights in what is now this country. Like the Aborigines in Australia to the west, the Maori people had been native to this country for centuries before Western contact.
The physical document of the Treaty of Waitangi is held in New Zealand’s National Library in this capital city on the North Island.
In a novel by this author, a group of squirrels decide that Veruca is a bad nut and throw her down a trash chute in a candy factory. For ten points each, Name this author of bizarre children’s books like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
In this Roald Dahl novel, the title orphan flies away from his awful aunts in a huge piece of fruit, accompanied by a grasshopper, a centipede, a worm, a spider, a ladybug, and a silkworm.
In this other animal-themed book by Roald Dahl, the title character creates an underground society by stealing from farmers Boggis, Bunce, and Bean.
Accurate dating of Stone Age artifacts is possible because this value is equal to 5,730 years for the carbon-14 isotope. For ten points each, Identify this quantity, the average time needed for fifty percent of a radioactive sample to decay into a new element. This quantity is 4.5 billion years for uranium-238.
Carbon-14 undergoes this type of radioactive decay, in which an electron is emitted while a neutron is converted into a proton.
One famous example of radioactive dating in archaeology involves this Italian relic of the Roman Catholic Church. It shows the face and body of a buried man believed by some to be Jesus, but radiocarbon tests only date this item to the fourteenth century.
Astronomer Carl Sagan is the namesake of both the number of stars in the observable universe and an indefinite quantity equal to “billions and billions.” Answer these questions about some of his other work, for ten points each. Sagan chaired the committee that selected music by Bach, Stravinsky, Chuck Berry, and others for inclusion on the Golden Records attached to these spacecraft. The first of these craft flew by Jupiter and Saturn and left the Solar System in 2004.
In 1980, Sagan hosted this thirteen-part television series on PBS that popularized many concepts in astronomy. With over 500 million viewers, this series is still the most-watched science program in TV history.
A sequel to Cosmos, subtitled A Spacetime Odyssey, was aired in 2014 with this scientist and friend of Carl Sagan as host. This man is a frequent talk show guest and Reddit AMA participant, and he published Astrophysics for People in a Hurry in 2017.
In a poem about this concept, it accompanies the speaker past a “School, where Children strove / At Recess - in the Ring” and stops in front of a grave that the speaker sees as a “House that seemed / A Swelling of the Ground.” For ten points each, Name this event at the end of life, which rides in a carriage with the speaker and Immortality in a poem that begins “Because I could not stop for” this concept, “He kindly stopped for me.”
This American poet wrote that “There is no Frigate like a Book / To take us Lands away” as well as “Because I could not stop for Death.”
Emily Dickinson contrasts this concept with “Confident Despair” and says that “Had [she] presumed” to do this, “The loss had been to [her].” In another poem, Dickinson describes this concept as “the thing with feathers - / That perches in the soul.”
This city was supposedly founded by the legendary Dido, lover of Aeneas. For ten points each, Name this city, the center of an empire that went to war with Rome, backed by an army led by Hannibal Barca and his war elephants.
Carthage and Rome participated in these three conflicts that showed the prowess of the Carthaginian navy, but resulted in Hannibal’s death and Carthage’s fall.
In response to Cato the Elder’s frequent demands, Rome destroyed Carthage after the 3rd Punic War and, according to legend, the Roman soldiers did this to the land so that nothing would ever grow there.
One of these things named “Tristan” is made of the notes F, B, D sharp, and G sharp. For ten points each, Name these musical structures made of several notes played together. They form the basis for musical harmony.
This composer included the Tristan chord in the prelude to his opera Tristan and Isolde. This composer is best known for his massive Ring cycle of operas.
Another famous chord was used by Igor Stravinsky to represent Petrushka, one of these toys that is brought to life. Pinocchio is another living one of these toys, which are featured in Punch and Judy shows.
This concept, along with interest and money, are the three subjects of a General Theory that was published in 1936. For ten points each, Name this economic concept that theoretically cannot be “full” in a competitive labor market, according to the aforementioned General Theory, in part because the number of people engaged in this activity is not determined by the wages earned by it.
This British economist wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, which outlines a theory of macroeconomics now commonly named for him.
In The General Theory, Keynes criticizes Say’s Law, which argues that production of a good generates this phenomenon for the good. This consumer-oriented phenomenon is usually contrasted with the employer-oriented supply.
Jaundice of the skin will result if one component of this bodily fluid is not excreted fast enough. For ten points each, Name this greenish-yellow fluid that is produced in the liver and sent through a namesake duct to the small intestine to aid the digestion of fats.
Bile is stored in this small organ beneath the liver. About half a million Americans have this organ removed each year because of the formation of cholesterol stones.
Bile helps the digestion of lipids by forming one of these mixtures in which tiny drops of fats are dispersed in water. Mayonnaise and vinaigrette dressing are also considered this type of mixture.
This man, who was given his last name by an Imperial recruiter, shoots Tobias Beckett before he has a chance to kill him. For ten points each, Name this smuggler who meets Chewbacca and pilots the Millennium Falcon through the Kessel Run in a 2018 prequel film.
In Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian is played by this actor, who plays Earn Marks on Atlanta and enjoys a rapping career as Childish Gambino.
Ray Park reprises this role in Solo. This Sith Lord is shown with robotic legs, which he receives in Clone Wars after having been cut in half in Phantom Menace.
According to the Uttardhyayana [oo-tahr-dyah-yah-nah], this concept determines whether a person is reincarnated as a demon, an ant, or something else entirely. For ten points each, Name this common concept in Indian religions, that dictates that individual choices, both good and bad, affect the conditions of one’s rebirth.
The Uttardhyayana is a sacred text of this religion. This religion is divided into “white-clad” and “sky-clad” sects and practices intense non-violence.
Jains can voluntarily undergo an extreme type of this religious practice called Sallekhana that ends with their death. More commonly, this practice involves temporarily avoiding consuming food.
Two weeks before his death, this man asked the New York Evening Sun to publish his obituary early, so that he might read it. For ten points each, Name this 19th-century businessman who worked with James Bailey to create the world’s biggest circus.
This opera singer toured America on P.T. Barnum’s invitation in the early 1850s. This singer, known as the “Swedish Nightingale,” inspired a mania and earned hundreds of thousands of dollars for charity.
P.T. Barnum also had a political career in this state, where he served as mayor of Bridgeport. He also co-sponsored an anti-contraception bill, which was struck down in the 1965 Griswold case, while he was a state senator in Hartford.
Ancient Greek tragic plays often include a “deus ex machina” [day-oos ex mah-kee-nah] or “god from the machine,” a literary device in which a god or other character comes onto the stage to resolve the play’s central problem, often while being moved by a “mechane” [meh-kah-nay] device to make it look like they are flying. Answer some questions about deus ex machina in the works of ancient Greek tragedians, for ten points each. In the Oresteia, a tragic trilogy by Aeschylus [ESS-kill-us], this Greek goddess of wisdom is brought in as a deus ex machina to establish the court of her namesake city as a means of settling disputes.
This Greek tragedian used Heracles as a deus ex machina in his play Philoctetes [fih-LOCK-teh-teez], but left the device out of his “Theban plays” trilogy, which includes this author’s Antigone, Oedipus Rex, and Oedipus at Colonus.
At the end of a tragedy named for this mythical sorceress, Euripides [yoo-RIH-pih-deez] used the mechane to lift this woman and the bodies of her sons in the chariot of Helios as she escapes from the unfaithful hero Jason.
Answer the following about the Green-Tao theorem, for ten points each. The Green-Tao theorem concerns these lists of numbers that, unlike a set, are allowed to repeat values. A series is generated by adding the values within these mathematical objects.
Specifically, the Green-Tao theorem looks at the sequence of these numbers. The first of these numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and they cannot be divided evenly by integers other than themselves and 1.
The Green-Tao theorem says that, for any natural number n, there is a list of n prime numbers that form this type of sequence, in which any two consecutive numbers are always separated by the same difference.
This citizen of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was tried in 1637 for “traducing,” or slandering, the local ministers. For ten points each, Name this 17th-century woman who was sentenced in a trial overseen by John Winthrop for holding prayer sessions for women and speaking out against religious gender norms.
Hutchinson and the Massachusetts Bay Colony belonged to this religious sect, known for its strict adherence to the Bible and proclivity for witch hunting.
After Anne Hutchinson was exiled, she followed the advice of Roger Williams, another victim of banishment, and settled at Portsmouth in what is now this US state.
Most of the money spent on the Manhattan Project was not used to construct bombs, but to prepare material capable of sustaining this process. For ten points each, Identify this process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two lighter nuclei. The energy released by the “Little Boy” bomb resulted from uranium forming smaller barium and krypton atoms by this process.
Besides smaller nuclei, the fission of uranium-235 also produces these particles that start a chain reaction in the bomb’s core. Unlike the positive protons, these particles in the nucleus have no charge.
In December, 1942, this physicist demonstrated that neutrons could sustain a chain reaction when he built the first nuclear reactor under the University of Chicago’s football field’s stands. This man is also the namesake of element 100.
Answer the following about the works of Henrik Ibsen, for ten points each. Henrik Ibsen was a playwright from this Scandinavian country. His play Peer Gynt was originally performed in Oslo in this modern country.
This play by Ibsen explores the life of Nora Helmer, who leaves her husband Torvald after describing her frustration with her living situation, since she has come to feel like a plaything living in the title structure.
In a play by Henrik Ibsen named for one of these animals, Hedvig shoots herself under the pretense of killing a “Wild” one of these water birds.
The Golden Horn cuts into this city and was once spanned by a large chain to prevent enemy ships from getting in. For ten points each, Name this Turkish city that was previously named Byzantium and Constantinople.
Istanbul lies on both banks of this narrow strait that links the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. Further west, the Dardanelles strait links the Sea of Marmara to the Mediterranean.
Despite a metropolitan population of over 15 million and its position on the Bosporus, Istanbul is not the capital of Turkey; instead, this central city became the capital when Turkey became a republic in 1923.
By the time of the Middle Kingdom, this god had been supplanted by Osiris as lord of the underworld. For ten points each, Name this jackal-headed Egyptian god who judged whether souls were worthy to enter the realm of the dead.
To judge the dead, Anubis utilized a scale and a feather named for this goddess of truth and balance.
The feather of Ma’at was weighed against this vital organ, which the Egyptians considered the seat of the soul. If weighed-down with wrongdoing, this organ would be devoured by Ammit.
Answer the following about everyone’s favorite artist from Vinci [vin-chee], for ten points each. Leonardo was born in Vinci but trained as an artist in this city. The Uffizi Gallery is in this city, and Brunelleschi’s massive dome tops this city’s Duomo.
After training in Florence, Leonardo created this work on the wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazia in Milan. In this painting, Jesus is framed by a rectangular window and sits at a long table with his disciples.
Toward the end of his life, Leonardo left Italy and traveled to France, taking with him his painting of The Virgin and Child with this woman. In the painting, Mary sits on this woman’s lap and reaches toward her infant son, who is wrestling with a lamb.
In this novel, sixteen-year-old Lydia runs away with George Wikham, who marries her after being blackmailed. For ten points each, Name this novel, in which Elizabeth Bennett comes into conflict with Fitzwilliam Darcy, but eventually marries him.
This English author, whose six published “manners novels” included Pride and Prejudice and Emma.
In this other Jane Austen novel, the title pair of concepts are represented by the practical Elinor Dashwood and her emotional sister, Marianne, as they deal with their relationships with Edward Ferrars, John Willoughby, and Colonel Brandon.
In a 19th century civil war in this country, Fructuoso Rivera’s Colorados fought Manuel Oribe’s agrarian Blancos. For ten points each, Name this South American country where wealthy businessmen in Montevideo [mon-tay-vih-DAY-oh] supported the Colorados, the eventual winning side.
Both sides in the Uruguayan Civil War took this action to gain support and bolster their ranks. Brazil took this action in 1888 with the Golden Law, 25 years after the USA took this action.
partial answers) The Blancos and Colorados were named because the sides wore colored armbands to tell each other apart; name either color. The opposing armies in the Russian Civil War were named for the same two colors.
In 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry officially approved names for elements 113, 115, 117 and 118, the most recent additions to the periodic table. For ten points each, Name any one of those four elements. The four are named after a country, a city, a state, and a physicist, respectively.
Tennessee is the second US state to be honored with the name of an element. The first is this state whose flagship public university in Berkeley, near San Francisco, is also the namesake of an element.
All four of the new elements are unstable and must be synthesized in one of these devices that fuses nuclei together by bombarding them at high speed. CERN’s Large Hadron Collider is the most powerful one of these devices in operation.
This event followed the removal of its target from the Politburo in 1926 and his exile from Russia in 1929. For ten points each, Name this August 20, 1940 attack against a former Communist politician. Ramon Mercader carried out this attack in Mexico City with an ice axe.
The assassination of Leon Trotsky was ordered by this dictator of the Soviet Union, who had struggled to work with Trotsky after the death of Vladimir Lenin.
Trotsky was initially exiled to Almaty, which served as the capital of this country within the Soviet Union and as an independent nation. In 1997, this country moved its capital to Astana.
Answer these questions about consequences of the special theory of relativity, for ten points each. Perhaps the most significant consequence is that this quantity must remain constant in all inertial reference frames. This quantity is represented by c in equations such as E equals m c squared.
Because the speed of light is constant, the theory implies that this substance, the medium through which light waves were thought to travel, does not exist. The non-existence of this substance was first suggested by the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Time dilation, another consequence of the theory, requires that the clocks on the thirty-two satellites of this system be corrected by about seven microseconds per day. The correction allows this system to give a location on Earth accurate to within four meters.
In Gustave Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary, Emma Bovary has affairs with Leon Dupuis and Rudolphe Boulanger before taking this action to escape her massive debt. For ten points each, Name this action, which Emma Bovary commits by swallowing arsenic. In other novels from the late 1800s, unfaithful women commit this action by throwing themselves under trains or swimming too far into the Gulf of Mexico.
The title woman of this Leo Tolstoi novel kills herself by jumping under a train after a torrid love affair with Count Vronsky.
In this novel by Kate Chopin [shoh-PAN], Edna Pontellier has affairs with Alcee Arobin and Robert Lebrun, but swims into the Gulf of Mexico to die when Robert’s dedication to social norms prevents her escape from a stifling marriage.
Answer the following about talented drummers from the 1990s, for ten points each. Dave Grohl drummed on hits like “Heart-Shaped Box” and “Smells Like Teen Spirit” for this band. Grohl formed the Foo Fighters after the suicide of this band’s lead singer, Kurt Cobain.
Travis Barker was key in the success of this band, whose debut album included “What’s my Age Again?”, “Adam’s Song,” and “All the Small Things.”
Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was fired from this band in 1996 and 2009 and briefly left it in 2017. He was a member of this band for the release of “1979” and “Bullet with Butterfly Wings” on the album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness.
For ten points each, name the following South American countries based on their recent political issues. This country’s Constitution prohibits Presidential re-election, and has thus alternated between Sebastian Pinera and Michelle Bachelet as leaders since 2006. The President of this country is based in La Moneda Palace in Santiago.
In 2019, Jair Bolsonaro became President of this country, where he immediately gave agricultural businesses greater access to land in the Amazon by removing protections for indigenous people.
In 2018, this country’s government bribed voters with food to vote for incumbent President Nicolas Maduro, who has overseen its worst-ever economic crisis. Maduro succeeded Hugo Chavez as this country’s President in 2013.
One of these substances, saccharin, generated a scare in the 1970s when a controversial study linked it to bladder cancer in rats. For ten points each, Give the general term for compounds such as cyclamate and aspartame that contain almost no calories and substitute for sugar in diet soft drinks and other foods. In the US, these substances are color-coded pink, blue, and yellow in restaurant packets.
An ancient artificial sweetener that may have contributed to the decline of Rome is sugar of lead, which consists of the toxic metal bonded to this anion with formula C H O ▯1 [C-two-H-three-O-two, one minus]. This anion results 2 3 2 when the acid in vinegar gives up a hydrogen ion.
Nearly half of the artificial sweetener sold in the US in 2017 was sucralose marketed under this brand name owned by Heartland Food Products Group. Due to legal action by its rival Equal, this brand no longer uses the slogan, “Made from sugar, so it tastes like sugar.”
For ten points each, name the following infamous civil rights court cases. This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not allowed to sue in federal court because they were not, and could not be, U.S. citizens.
This 1896 Supreme Court case confirmed the legality of the “separate but equal” doctrine in a decision with one dissenter, John Marshall Harlan, who noted that this case would eventually be as infamous as Dred Scott. This case was overturned for public schools by Brown v. Board.
Plessy v. Ferguson’s “separate but equal” doctrine was overturned in these public places by 1954’s Brown v. Board. In 1957, the Little Rock Nine became the first children to enroll in a previously all-white one of these places in Arkansas.
An ancient, armless sculpture of this goddess by Alexandros of Antioch probably once held the golden apple this woman received during the Judgement of Paris. For ten points each, Name this Greco-Roman goddess of love and beauty.
A painting by Sandro Botticelli depicts this event in Venus’s life. In the painting, Venus is blown to shore on an enormous seashell while a nymph rushes to clothe her.
sea”) Venus also appears in this Botticelli painting, in which the three Graces dance beside Bacchus in a field blooming with new flowers.
This author wrote the novel Oil!, which was adapted into the film There Will Be Blood. For ten points each, Name this author, who wrote about Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian immigrant who becomes a socialist, in another novel.
Although this novel by Upton Sinclair was meant to draw attention to the poor working conditions suffered by factory workers like Jurgis Rudkus, the American public was shocked by the appalling food safety measures this novel described.
Upton Sinclair was a member of this early 1900s journalistic movement, which sought to expose corrupt leaders and institutions. Investigative journalism is sometimes referred to by this term.
This deity was punished for plotting to kill the god of light by having snake venom dripped onto his skin. For ten points each, Name this Norse trickster god who fooled the blind Hodr into killing Baldr with a spear made of mistletoe.
Loki is the father of Hel, Jormungandr [YOR-moon-gahn-durr], and this gigantic wolf, who is predicted to kill Odin and be killed by Vidarr at Ragnarok.
Loki’s monstrous children were also the children of Angrbotha, who was one of these mythical descendents of Ymir [EE-meer]. Although they were not usually depicted as extraordinarily large, these creatures are now often called “giants.”
This scientist used a buzzer, tuning fork, and metronome in his most famous experiment, but never a bell. For ten points each, Name this Russian scientist who trained dogs to salivate upon hearing a certain stimulus, often thought to be a bell.
Pavlov’s dogs learned to associate the sound of a buzzer with their food through this process in which an existing response is tied to an unrelated stimulus. B.F. Skinner later experimented with the “operant” form of this process.
Pavlov’s 1904 Nobel Prize was not for his animal behavior experiments, but for studying the secretion of gastric juice by this digestive organ. This hollow organ breaks down protein and other food components before releasing it to the small intestine.
This war included a nearly year-long siege of Sevastopol, where the Black Sea fleet was based. For ten points each, Name this 1850s war between Russia and an alliance of the Ottomans, France, and Britain, fought in a peninsula that was annexed by Russia in 2014.
War nursing was revolutionized during the Crimean War by this “Lady with the Lamp,” a statistician who organized and managed nursing for the English and their allies.
Three years after the end of the Crimean War, the bloody Battle of Solferino in the Franco-Austrian War inspired the creation of this organization, which advocated for better treatment of wounded soldiers and safety for medics and field hospitals. Clara Barton founded the American branch of this organization.
This author’s pen name is likely derived from her father’s position in the Shikibu-sho [shee-kee-boo-shoh], the Ministry of Rites in Heian-Era [hay-on era] Japan. For ten points each, Name this early Japanese author, who wrote about a “shining prince” in her most famous work.
Murasaki Shikibu’s [moo-rah-sah-kee shee-kee-boo’s] “shining prince” is the title hero of this work of fiction, in which he falls in love with Lady Fujitsubo, Lady Murasaki, and Lady Aoi before he “vanishes into the clouds.”
The Tale of Genji is often considered among the first examples of this type of work. This term describes a long work of fiction written in prose rather than poetry.
Two of these instruments play the flowing melody at the start of Smetana’s tone poem The Moldau. For ten points each, Name these reedless woodwind instruments. They often play high orchestral parts alongside their smaller relatives, the piccolo.
This composer’s Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun begins with a chromatic flute solo. This composer’s other piano pieces include “The Sunken Cathedral” and “Clair de Lune.”
This composer’s 8th symphony begins with a flute solo, and a flute plays a solo at the bottom of its range in this composer’s New World Symphony.
In 1844, a mob attacked a jail where this man and his brother, Hyram, were awaiting trial; Hyram was shot through a door, and this man was shot three times before he fell out of a second-story window. For ten points each, Name this man. After his death, James Strang, Sidney Rigdon, and Brigham Young quarreled over who should succeed him as leader of their religious group.
Joseph Smith was a leader of the Latter-Day Saints, a religious movement that uses this sacred text. Smith translated this text into English out of “reformed Egyptian” that had been written on a set of golden plates revealed to him in New York in 1827.
Joseph Smith led the Mormons in this Illinois town, where as mayor he ordered the destruction of a newspaper critical of him and declared martial law.
A line of best fit may be drawn through one of these graphs to indicate a relationship between the variables in question. For ten points each, Name this type of chart that displays points of data with a labeled set of x and y axes, named for the unorganized form it often takes.
A scatter plot can be used to demonstrate this type of association, often symbolized r, between two variables. A statistician must be careful not to use a scatter plot to imply that there is a cause and effect relationship between the variables, although this relationship is much weaker.
The quantity r will have this value if a scatter plot’s points all lie on a single, downward sloping line.
Answer some questions about religious rites of passage, for ten points each. This rite of passage is commonly performed on Jewish boys when they turn 13 or Jewish girls when they turn 12 or 13. During the ceremony, the child reads a portion of the Torah and official becomes responsible for themselves as an adult under Jewish law.
In Catholicism, this sacrament is performed to solidify the process of joining Christianity that began with baptism.
In Hinduism, a young child must undergo Chundakarana, or the performing of this action, as the eighth step of their rite of passage. This action is against the Sikh belief of Kesh, which is meant to reflect god’s perfect creation.
Answer the following about the poem “My Last Duchess”, for ten points each. “My Last Duchess” is by this English poet, who also wrote “Porphyria’s Lover” and The Ring and the Book, and who wrote poems for his wife, Elizabeth Barrett, who was also a poet.
In “My Last Duchess,” the sociopathic duke shows a guest a piece of art created by Fra Pandalf, a man with this profession, who created a depiction of the dead duchess.
The duke has the duchess killed because she is as happy with his “gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name” as she is by this daily event, which the duke describes as “the dropping of the daylight in the West.”
This region is home to an annual Underwater Music Festival, where divers “play” instruments like the bara-tuba and raise awareness of coral degradation. For ten points each, Name this island chain off the southern coast of Florida.
US Highway 1, which stretches all the way from Maine to Key West, enters the Florida Keys at this key. Its name reflects the fact that it is the longest of the islands that make up the Keys.
Coral reefs aren’t the only ecosystem in Florida in need of environmental protection. This wetlands region of central and southern Florida is plagued with hundreds of invasive species of plants and threatened by urban development.
According to the Koppen climate classification system, these arid regions of the planet have expanded by seven percent since 1950. For ten points each, Identify this biome with an average annual temperature above eighteen degrees Celsius and very little precipitation. Saudi Arabia and most of North Africa reside in this biome.
The Koppen system uses a mathematical formula to differentiate deserts from these semiarid grasslands that have hot summers and cold winters. Much of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine consists of these plains.
Deserts and steppes are designated by this letter of the alphabet in the Koppen system. This letter also designates the layer of soil found just below the topsoil.
The Warburg effect is a tenfold increase in this process in malignant cancer cells compared to normal cells. For ten points each, Name this pathway, the first stage of cellular respiration, that converts glucose sugar to pyruvate in the cytoplasm. This process is usually followed by the Krebs cycle.
Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway because it does not require this gas to proceed. This gas is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the lungs during breathing.
Each of the ten steps of glycolysis requires a different one of these protein catalysts to speed up the reaction. The third of these proteins, phospho-fructo-kinase, controls the overall rate of the pathway.
While snowed in at a strange house, this character has a nightmare about the ghost of a girl named Catherine. For ten points each, Name this character, who listens to Nelly Dean’s story about Catherine and her adoptive brother, Heathcliff.
In this novel, Mr Lockwood rents a manor house called Thrushcross Grange, which is rented to him by Heathcliff, the owner of the nearby title estate.
Wuthering Heights was written by this author, the sister of fellow authors Charlotte and Anne.
For ten points each, name the following Chinese rivers. This longest river in Asia is dammed by the Three Gorges Dam, rises in the Kunlun Mountains, and passes through Nanking.
This second-longest Asian river is nicknamed “China’s Sorrow” because of its frequent flooding. Its name is inspired by the color of the loess [less] it carries downstream.
Hong Kong and Macau lie on the delta of this third-longest river in China, which was formerly known as the Canton River and empties into the South China Sea.
This kingdom was ruled by Cetshwayo [ket-sh’wi-oh], who built a new capital at Ulundi. For ten points each, Name this kingdom of 19th century southern Africa that was attacked by the British in 1879, winning an early victory at Isandlwana but ultimately losing in five months.
To fight the British, Cetshwayo re-introduced military reforms that had been implemented by this earlier Zulu leader, who invented a highly effective bullhorn formation.
Shaka also invented a new form of this weapon called an iklwa, that was shorter and stabbier than the traditional thrown assegai.
Nearly all of the debris that makes up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch consists of this substance. For ten points each, Name this class of synthetic polymers which are commonly used to manufacture shopping bags and soda bottles. Unlike wood or paper, this material is rarely biodegradable.
Description acceptable. A number one or two inside of this symbol guarantees that a plastic item is recyclable in the United States. Glass bottles and aluminum cans are also marked with this symbol.
on “triangle” or “loop” alone) This type of plastic, marked with a number six, is almost never recycled in the US, leading some environmentalists to call for a ban on it. It is still often used to manufacture packing peanuts and coffee cups.
Answer the following about American novels about the sea, for ten points each. In this novel by Herman Melville, Captain Ahab goes on a mad quest to get revenge on the title white whale.
After a long dry spell in this short Hemingway novel, Santiago catches an enormous marlin, only for it to be eaten by sharks before he can return it to shore.
This author wrote about Humphrey van Weyden’s encounter with the vicious captain Wolf Larsen in The Sea-Wolf.
Gonc ¸alo Velho [gohn-sahl vel-yo] commanded the Azores for this country, which rejected Christopher Columbus’ proposal to cross the Atlantic Ocean. For ten points each, Name this European country that was ruled by the House of Aviz during its Age of Discovery
This prince, the son of King John I, spurred Portuguese interest in exploration by promoting the use of faster caravels and sponsoring explorers like Velho.
In 1415, at Henry’s urging, Portuguese troops captured this port city on the African shore of the Strait of Gibraltar; Henry was wounded in the battle. Two centuries later, when Portugal gained its independence from Spain, this city chose to remain a Spanish territory.
Contrary to popular belief, the element with symbol V is not vibranium. For ten points each, V is actually the symbol for this element, number 23, that is used as a catalyst in the production of sulfuric acid.
The letter V also appears in the ideal gas equation, P V equals N R T, representing this quantity that can be measured in liters. This quantity is directly related to temperature by Charles’ law.
In the VSEPR [ves-per] theory of molecular geometry, the letter V stands for this term that refers to the outermost electron shell of an atom. Hydrogen can hold a maximum of two electrons in this shell while the other main group elements can hold eight.
The Confederate leader of this battle sought to defeat Grant’s forces before the Army of the Ohio arrived. For ten points each, Name this two-day Civil War battle in which P.G.T. Beauregard took over as general after the death of Albert Johnston. Nearly 4,000 men died in this battle, after which the Union Army was able to advance to Vicksburg.
This state was the site of the Battle of Shiloh and the lesser-known Battle of Nashville.
After Shiloh, the Union army progressed to Vicksburg, whose surrender on July 4, 1863 opened this vital river to Union control.
Name some characters from Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book, for ten points each. This young human is adopted and raised by a wolf pack in The Jungle Book, although Shere Khan, a tiger, thinks that this human “cub” is dangerous.
With the help of the panther Bagheera, this wise, sleepy, old bear teaches Mowgli and his wolf siblings the Law of the Jungle.
This wise bull elephant teaches Mowgli the story of the creation god Tha, and explains why Shere Khan hunts humans for sport.