Betty Parris and Abigail Williams both claimed to be afflicted by these people, setting off a panicwhich hunted these people. The West Indian slave Tituba, after herself being accused of being one ofthem, accused (*) Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne during that 1692 panic. For 10 points, a series of "trials"were held in Salem, Massachusetts targeting what purported evil magic users?
During this war, the Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to provide military supplies to oneside. General Anthony MacAuliffe famously declared "Nuts!" after being demanded to surrender at theBattle of the (*) Bulge in this war. Dwight D. Eisenhower oversaw a US offensive in this war that included theD-Day landings. For 10 points, in what war did the US fight against Nazi Germany?
This group’s membership was significantly expanded by the addition of a group known as the "A8".This group, which was preceded by the EEC and ECSC, was established via the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.In a move nicknamed (*) "Brexit", the United Kingdom voted to leave this organization in a referendum. TheEuro is the official currency of, for 10 points, what organization of European states?
This kingdom's namesake "hegemony" ended after it was defeated by Thebes at Leuctra. AdmiralLysander helped this kingdom win the Battle of Aegospotami, securing their victory in the (*)Peloponnesian War. At the Battle of Thermopylae, King Leonidas led 300 soldiers from this place against ahuge Persian army. For 10 points, name this militaristic Ancient Greek city-state often at odds with Athens.
Ironically, violence escalated in this country after a president gave a speech about it under a"Mission Accomplished" banner. Because of tensions over oil, this country invaded its neighbor tobegin the First Gulf War. In 1980 this country invaded (*) Iran under the leadership of Saddam Hussein.The terrorist group ISIS is named for Syria and, for 10 points, what country led from Baghdad?
One symbol of a 1956 revolution in this country was its flag with a hole cut out of the middle; afterthat revolution failed it was led by János Kadar (YAH-nosh KAH-dar), a proponent of "goulashcommunism", named for a popular national dish. This country once formed a dual monarchy with (*)Austria, its western neighbor. For 10 points, name this country now led by Viktor Orbán from Budapest.
Horace Hunley developed one of these vehicles for the Confederacy, but it went down three times,the second of which killed Hunley himself. A Soviet one of these vehicles, K-129, was salvaged by theCIA after it sank. In 1915, the RMS (*) Lusitania was sunk by one of these vehicles, which the Germanscalled U-boats. Periscopes are used by, for 10 points, what naval vessels which can travel underwater?
People in one of these places wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War, causing theSupreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines. The National Guard protected the Little Rock Nine as theyattended one of these places. The Supreme Court reversed the (*) "separate but equal" doctrine in a caseabout these places. Brown v. Board desegregated, for 10 points, what places where students go to learn?
While docked in this modern-day country, the USS Maine exploded, prompting the US to enter theSpanish-American War. Many refugees from this country traveled north to Florida by boat. Thiscountry's leader Fulgencio (*) Batista was deposed in 1959 in favor of Fidel Castro. Guantanamo Bay isleased by the United States from, for 10 points, what Caribbean island nation led from Havana?
Following this event, thousands of people were stranded in Canadian cities like Gander,Newfoundland by Operation Yellow Ribbon. The passengers of United Airlines Flight 93 forced it to (*)crash-land in Shanksville, Pennsylvania during this event. Al-Qaeda perpetrated, for 10 points, what deadliestterrorist attack in US history, which destroyed the Twin Towers?
Spartacus led a slave rebellion which rappelled down this mountain to win a battle. The ancientcity of Herculaneum was located near this mountain. Pliny the Elder died during a natural disastercaused by this (*) volcano, whose eruption buried an ancient Roman city in volcanic ash, preserving it. For10 points, name this volcano which destroyed Pompeii.
This war began shortly after the strongly Catholic Ferdinand II was elected as Holy RomanEmperor, and some of his representatives were thrown out a window by Bohemian Protestants. Thiswar was ended by the Peace of (*) Westphalia, and it curtailed the power of the Catholic Habsburgs. For 10points, name this Central European war that lasted from 1618 to 1648 and is named for that amount of time.
As Secretary of War, this man attempted to import camels for cavalry soldiers, an experiment whichresulted in Douglas the Camel fighting for the 43rd Mississippi. This man fled Richmond in women'sclothing but was eventually arrested for treason. He was appointed to his highest position in (*) 1861shortly following the outbreak of the Civil War. For 10 points, name this only Confederate president.
Robert Welch and the John Birch Society fought against this ideology. Along with anarchists, thePalmer Raids were conducted against people holding this belief. Joseph (*) McCarthy investigatedpeople suspected of this political position in a period known as the Red Scare. The U.S. joined the VietnamWar to stop the spread of, for 10 points, what political ideology championed by the Soviet Union?
Members of one of this country's political parties run for British parliament but do not take theirseats. That party, Sinn Féin (shin fayn), was founded to fight for this country's independence. In 1920,British forces shot into a crowd of spectators watching a (*) Gaelic football match in this country's capital.For 10 points, what European country bordering the UK adopted a green-white-orange tricolor flag?
This nation carried out Operation Orchard in order to destroy a suspected Syrian nuclear reactor.Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of this country, but declined. This nation's parliament, theKnesset, was first led by its first prime minister, David (*) Ben-Gurion. Tel Aviv is the economic center of,for 10 points, what nation engaged in land disputes with Palestine?
For surviving this event, criticism was directed at J. Bruce Ismay, a chairman of White Star Lines.Robert Ballard searched the remains of this event, in which "Nearer, My God, To Thee" was played by adoomed (*) orchestra. The Carpathia rescued survivors of this event, in which a lack of lifeboats led to extradeaths. For 10 points, name this 1912 event in which an "unsinkable" ship hit an iceberg.
This country was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979, prompting a 1980 boycott of the Olympics.This country's massive Bamiyan Buddha statues were destroyed by a terrorist group based in it calledthe (*) Taliban. It's not Iraq, but the United States has been fighting in this country since 2001. For 10 points,name this Asian country led from Kabul.
An 1885 massacre targeted coal miners of this ethnicity in Rock Springs, Wyoming. The term"coolie" was disparagingly applied to laborers of this ethnicity on the Transcontinental Railroad. In1882, a namesake (*) "Exclusion Act" barred members of this ethnicity from immigrating to the UnitedStates. For 10 points, identify these people who came to America from cities like Fuzhou or Shanghai.
Oliver Hazard Perry won the Battle of Lake Erie during this war, and a freak tornado stopped theBritish army from continuing to set fire to one city during it. During an attack on Fort McHenry in thiswar, Francis Scott Key composed "The (*) Star-Spangled Banner". Washington, DC was burned during, for10 points, what 19th century war between the US and Britain named for the year in which it began?
The Teapot Dome scandal involved the secret leasing of land containing this resource. Anorganization of nations that export this resource, formed in 1960, is called OPEC. The DeepwaterHorizon rig (*) spilled this resource into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. BP and ExxonMobil produce, for 10points, what fossil fuel which is drilled for by wells and often turned into gasoline?
This ruler commissioned the construction of St. Basil's Cathedral to celebrate the capture of Kazan.This man created the oprichniki secret police, which he used to sack the city of Novgorod and purgethe (*) Russian nobility. The "Chosen Council" appointed this man as the first Tsar of Russia. For 10 points,name this 16th-century monarch popularly named for his brutality.
In this city, the Etemenanki Temple and the Ishtar Gate were constructed by King Nebuchadnezzar.After a ruler of this city destroyed Solomon's Temple, the Jews suffered a namesake (*) "captivity" inthis city. Legal principles like "an eye for an eye" were established in this city by its ruler Hammurabi. For 10points, name this Mesopotamian city home to some legendary Hanging Gardens.
The book And the Band Played On criticized this president's lack of a response to the HIV/AIDSepidemic, which first became widespread during his administration. This man's administrationillegally sold arms to Iran to fund Nicaraguan rebels in the (*) Iran-Contra affair. "Trickle-downeconomics" was popularized by, for 10 points, what Republican president who served through the 1980s?
This country's flag was said to have miraculously fallen from the sky during a battle in Estonia.Prussia invaded this country during a dispute over Schleswig-Holstein, a territory which now lies justover its southern border with (*) Germany. Sweden and Norway formed the Kalmar Union with, for 10points, what Scandinavian country led from Copenhagen, home to the Danes?
This president's "Square Deal" initiative broke up monopolies, and he gave an 84-minute campaignspeech in Milwaukee despite being shot just before it. This man became president after theassassination of William (*) McKinley, and he led the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War. For10 points, name this president who lends his name to a stuffed bear.
The first black woman with this job, Bessie Coleman, died in a 1926 accident. A man with this jobhad his son kidnapped by Bruno Hauptmann in the "Crime of the Century." Fred Noonan assisted a (*)woman with this job during a trip in which they both disappeared near Howland Island. The "Spirit of St.Louis" was used by a man with, for 10 points, what job of Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart?
This man's military career began in disaster when his forces killed a neutral French commander atJumonville Glen, sparking a war. This former aide to Edward Braddock was forced to surrender FortNecessity. The Conway Cabal failed to depose this general, who later personally put down the (*)Whiskey Rebellion during his presidency. For 10 points, name this commander-in-chief of the ContinentalArmy.
Heavy pollution caused the Cuyahoga River to suffer this type of event in 1969. Labor laws weretightened after a 1911 one of these events killed 146 garment workers in New York City. One of thesedisasters allegedly began in Catherine (*) O'Leary's barn and destroyed much of the city of Chicago. For 10points, name this type of disaster whose prevention is advocated by Smokey Bear.
This man won the Battle of Pharsalus against the forces of Pompey the Great, securing victory in acivil war. This man captured the chief Vercingetorix at the end of the Gallic Wars, which he won. Thisman brought his army across the (*) Rubicon in defiance of the Senate, but was eventually assassinated onthe Ides of March. For 10 points, name this Roman dictator who was stabbed by Brutus.
The first of these conflicts ended with the Battle of Ascalon, a decisive victory for Godfrey ofBouillon, and resulted in Baldwin I ruling the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The fourth of these militarycampaigns was diverted to sack Constantinople rather than going to the (*) Middle East. Christiansfought Muslims for control of the Holy Land in, for 10 points, what series of medieval religious wars?
In this city, Jan (yahn) Masaryk was likely murdered by being thrown out of a window in 1948, anincident often called its "Fourth Defenestration". Alexander Dubček (doob-check) led from this city,and Jan Palach (yahn pah-lock) set himself on fire in its Wenceslas Square. A namesake 1968 (*)"Spring" prompted a brutal Soviet invasion of, for 10 points, what capital of the Czech Republic?
This leader accused a group of mostly Jewish doctors of sabotage in his antisemitic "doctors’ plot".This ruler's regime caused the devastating man-made Holodomor famine in Ukraine in the early (*)1930s. In Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded this leader's country. For 10 points, name this brutalSoviet dictator who led the USSR during World War II.
An aqueduct system in this city was designed by William Mulholland, triggering a set of "WaterWars". The Sleepy Lagoon murder occurred in this city and set off its Zoot Suit Riots. A 1992 series ofriots in this city followed the taped beating of (*) Rodney King by police. Long Beach and Anaheim aresuburbs of, for 10 points, what Southern California city?
This man wrote the hymn "A Mighty Fortress is Our God." This man debated Huldrych Zwingli(HULL-drick TSVING-lee) at the Marburg Colloquy and was excommunicated by Leo X at the Diet ofWorms (vorms). This man's anger at Johann Tetzel's sale of indulgences prompted him to (*) nail hismost famous work into the door of a church in Wittenberg. For 10 points, name this author of the 95 Theseswho started the Protestant Reformation.
The sign language interpreter at this man's funeral, Thamsanqa Jantjie (taam-saan-ta yaan-tee),performed meaningless gestures instead of actual sign language. This man succeeded F. W. de Klerk inhis highest office after being released from 27 years of imprisonment at (*) Robben Island. For 10points, name this leader of the African National Congress, the first black president of South Africa.
One ruler with this name issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the earlier Edict of Nantes andremoving the rights of Protestants. That king ruled from 1643 to 1715, was known as the Sun King,and was the (*) 14th king of France with this name. The 16th French king of this name was guillotined duringthe French Revolution. For 10 points, what name was held by eighteen kings of France?
This modern-day country was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest known in theAmericas. This non-Bolivia country's huacas are traditional places of worship for Quechua-speakingpeoples, some of whom also built its mysterious (*) Nazca Lines. This country's city of Cuzco was theformer capital of the Inca Empire. For 10 points, name this country home to the citadel Machu Picchu(MAH-choo PICK-choo).
A colonial governor of this modern-day state, William Berkeley, was recalled to England following a1676 uprising here led by Nathaniel Bacon. This state's House of Burgesses was the firstrepresentative legislature in America. One colony in this state was afflicted by the (*) "Starving Time"and came into conflict with the Powhatan. For 10 points, in what state was Jamestown established in 1607?
As part of the attempt to cover up this event, a series of government officials were fired in the"Saturday Night Massacre". This event was reported on by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. GeraldFord assumed the (*) presidency after the orchestrator of this event resigned rather than face impeachment.For 10 points, what scandal caused Richard Nixon to step down as president?
This ruler was imprisoned by Leopold of Austria on charges of murdering Conrad of Montferrat.This monarch conquered Cyprus from the Byzantines and sold it to the Templars. This monarch tookover leadership of the Third (*) Crusade from Philip II and fought against Saladin. The son of Henry II andEleanor of Aquitaine was, for 10 points, what 12th-century English king named "the Lionheart"?
This man coined the term "satyagraha" to describe his philosophy of political resistance, asexemplified by the 240-mile-long Salt March he undertook to protest British salt monopolies. Thisman launched the "Quit (*) India Movement" to demand independence from Britain. In 1948, a Hindunationalist assassinated, for 10 points, what Indian nonviolent activist and independence leader?
This state's Executive Order 44, issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs, empowered its citizens to shootand kill Mormons on sight as part of an 1838 "War". One of the starting points of the Oregon Trail wasthis state's city of Independence. This state was admitted to the Union along with Maine in (*) 1820 aspart of its namesake "Compromise". For 10 points, name this state led from Jefferson City.
This president's administration created the Department of Justice and used it to prosecutemembers of the KKK. As a general, this man led the Vicksburg campaign during the Civil War, and heaccepted Robert E. Lee's (*) surrender at Appomattox. This man and his running mate Schuyler (SKY-ler)Colfax won the 1868 election. For 10 points, name this highest-ranking Union general, a Republican president.
Many 16th and 17th century maps incorrectly depicted this modern-day U.S. state as an island.Francis Drake claimed the colony of New Albion in this state. Junípero Serra founded many missionsalong this state's Camino Real. The (*) Donner Party died trying to reach this state, where an 1849 goldrush attracted thousands of migrants. For 10 points, name this “Golden State”.
One man with this surname ran a campaign ad about the prisoner Willie Horton. A recount of"hanging chad" ballots in Florida enabled another man with this surname to narrowly defeat Al Gorein one election. A man with this surname who promised, "Read my (*) lips: no new taxes" later lostre-election in 1992 to Bill Clinton. For 10 points, give this surname of two U.S. Presidents named George.
This leader led a Grand Embassy through Western Europe, which inspired him to Westernize hiscountry by means such as introducing a formalized Table of Ranks for the military. This man's countryfought the Great Northern War against Sweden from (*) 1700 to 1721. For 10 points, what Russian tsarbuilt a capital on the Neva River named for a saint with the same name?
This dynasty's Emperor Wu defeated the Xiongnu (shong-noo), turning them into a Chinesetributary, and established Confucianism. This dynasty was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms Period.Liu Bang founded this (*) longest-reigning Chinese dynasty, succeeding the Qin (chin). For 10 points, namethis Chinese dynasty which reigned from 202 BC to 220 AD and shares its name with the largest Chineseethnicity.
This document was the subject of the Virginia and New Jersey plans, which were eventuallycombined by the Connecticut Compromise. This document replaced the Articles of Confederation, andits first article describes the (*) powers and structure of Congress. The Bill of Rights makes up the first tenamendments to, for 10 points, what fundamental American legal document?
New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller deployed the National Guard to stop the Attica Riots at one ofthese places. Native American activists staged a 19-month-long occupation of a closed one of theseplaces, which was located on an island in (*) San Francisco Bay and notoriously hard to escape. For 10points, Alcatraz was a historic one of what locations where criminals are detained?
[10] Name this Islamic empire ruled by sultans such as Suleiman the Magnificent. It conquered Constantinople from the Byzantines in 1453 and was dissolved after World War I.
[10] This modern-day Balkan country staged a decades-long revolt against Ottoman rule in the 15th century led by Skanderbeg. In the 20th century, it was ruled by the dictator Enver Hoxha (HOE-juh).
[10] Shortly before its dissolution, the Ottoman Empire perpetrated a genocide against this ethnic group, in which around 1.5 million people were killed. This is the majority ethnic group in a modern-day country that borders Turkey to its east.
[10] At the beginning of the Arab Spring, Mohamed Bouazizi performed this specific action in protest against the Tunisian dictatorship. The Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức ( teek kwang deek) famously performed this action to protest the Vietnam War after covering himself in gasoline. A description is acceptable.
[10] Tunisia is also home to the ruins of this city, which was razed to the ground and its inhabitants sold into slavery after losing the Third Punic War to the Roman Empire. During the Second Punic War, its forces were led by Hannibal.
[10] Cato the Elder, a member of the Roman Senate, argued for war with Carthage by ending all his speeches in the Roman senate with this specific phrase, regardless of whether it was relevant to the ongoing debate, for multiple years until war was eventually declared.
[10] This former Argentinian president was overthrown in a 1955 coup, only to return to power in 1973. His wife Eva was also a widely popular figure before her 1952 death.
[10] Perón spent his exile in this country. This European country originally colonized Argentina, and its language is spoken there.
[10] Juan Perón’s government was notorious for providing protection to members of this political party, such as Josef Mengele, fleeing prosecution for war crimes.
[10] Name this US general who led a scorched-earth "March to the Sea" through Georgia during the Civil War.
[10] Sherman's March to the Sea began with the burning of this Southern city, the capital of Georgia.
[10] After the March to the Sea, Sherman issued Special Field Orders No. 15, which included orders to distribute land and farm animals to freed black families, as exemplified by this phrase which is often used as a slogan for slavery reparations.
[10] At the behest of the FBI, this city's police department drugged young black activist Fred Hampton and shot him 99 times in his sleep. More recently, this city's police department has come under fire for running an extrajudicial "black site" at Homan Square.
[10] The Chicago Police Department falsely claimed to the media that Hampton had been killed during a chaotic gunfight with members of this civil rights activist organization named for a type of wild cat. No such gunfight occurred.
[10] The FBI also sent this man a blackmail letter demanding that he commit suicide. This man delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech during the March on Washington.
[10] Name this American president who issued the Specie Circular and was nicknamed 'Old Hickory'.
[10] As president, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated Indian tribes to Oklahoma along this route.
[10] Jackson won this battle during the War of 1812, which occurred after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed.
[10] Name this Roman emperor who was the first emperor to commit suicide, after learning that he had been sentenced to death in absentia.
[10] After the Great Fire of Rome, Nero singled out members of this religious group for persecution. Constantine the Great was the first emperor to convert to this religion, establishing the Roman state church which would eventually give rise to this religion's Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.
[10] Under the rule of Emperor Nerva, Christianity was recognized as a separate religion by making Christians exempt from the annual tax placed on members of this other religion. This religion's holiday of Tisha B'Av commemorates the destruction of its temple by the Romans.
[10] Name this Eastern European country which was led by Nicolae Ceaușescu ( chow-SHESS-koo) until 1989, when he fled its capital and was executed by firing squad.
[10] Ceaușescu was executed on this holiday. A "truce" named for this holiday occurred when British and German troops abandoned their arms to play soccer on it during World War I.
[10] Ceaușescu banned this practice in Romania, leading to many children being abandoned. This medical procedure was the subject of the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade.
[10] The emperor Akbar the Great repealed the jizya, a tax on all subjects of the Mughal Empire that did not adhere to this religion, which the Mughal Empire spread by building mosques.
[10] This Maurya Emperor converted to Buddhism after witnessing mass deaths in his bloody conquest of Kalinga, according to his "rock edicts."
[10] Vasco da Gama, an explorer from this country, spread Christianity in India after sailing to it by rounding the tip of Africa. Another explorer from this country almost completed his circumnavigation of the world, but was killed by Filipino natives.
[10] Name this Illinois senator who supported popular sovereignty and backed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He ran for president in 1860, receiving electoral votes only from Missouri, which he won, and a "fusion ticket" in New Jersey.
[10] Douglas was a member of this political party that today opposes the Republicans.
[10] In 1858, Douglas ran for a Senate seat against this man, who gave the "House Divided" speech in a famous series of debates against him.
[10] Name this ruler of the Franks who defeated the Lombards at the battle of Pavia and was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III.
[10] Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the leader of a "Holy" empire with this name. An ancient empire with this name was ruled by emperors such as Augustus and Caligula from its namesake Italian city.
[10] Charlemagne's father, Pepin the Short, deposed the last king of this previous ruling dynasty of the Franks known for their long hair. This dynasty ruled between the 5th and 8th centuries, and its first Christian king was Clovis I.
[10] Benjamin West painted a fanciful depiction of this man "Drawing Electricity from the Sky", in reference to his flying a kite in a thunderstorm.
[10] As President of the Continental Congress, this person presumably signed the Declaration of Independence first, and did so in a famously large and flamboyant manner.
[10] This signee would later become the governor of Massachusetts and the fifth vice president, and his last name would become part of a term for drawing congressional district boundaries for political aims.
[10] He was the lead prosecutor in the Scopes Monkey trial, which concerned John Scopes having allegedly taught this theory in school. This biological theory is opposed to creationism or intelligent design.
[10] Bryan later served as Secretary of State under this president. This president won reelection in 1916 using the slogan "He kept us out of war".
[10] Bryan is probably best known for giving a speech in which he defended bimetallism and which he ended by declaring "you shall not crucify mankind upon" one of these specific objects, for which the speech is named.
[10] Name this country where that "hostage crisis" occurred after its Shah, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown in 1979 and replaced by a regime led by Ruhollah Khomeini.
[10] The Iranian Revolution was strongly aligned against this country, using "Death to [this country]" and "Death to Israel" as slogans. This country's embassy was used to hold its diplomats hostage during the revolution despite the efforts of its president, Jimmy Carter, to free them.
[10] Ruhollah Khomeini is generally referred to using this title for high-ranking Shia Muslim clergy with the power to make far-reaching declarations about religious law.
[10] Name this adopted son of Julius Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate.
[10] Augustus defeated Marc Antony in this 31 BCE naval battle. Marcus Agrippa commanded the winning side in this battle.
[10] Antony and this woman both committed suicide after the Battle of Actium. This woman was the last queen of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt before it became a Roman province, and she was renowned for her knowledge of many languages.
[10] Name these holes dug by soldiers for shelter from gunfire. A stalemate occurred in the Western Front of World War I because of a style of warfare named for these structures.
[10] The introduction of these machines ended years of trench warfare in World War I, since they could shield soldiers from gunfire. Types of them such as the Panzer were used heavily in World War II.
[10] Trench warfare in World War I began after this 1914 battle in France, fought at a namesake river. Thousands of Allied soldiers were transported in taxis to this battle, which marked the failure of Germany's Schlieffen Plan.
[10] Name this Genoese explorer who left Spain for the New World in 1492.
[10] Columbus sailed on behalf of these two Catholic monarchs whose marriage to each other unified Spain through joining their respective kingdoms, Castile and Aragon. ANSWERS: Ferdinand II of Aragon [or Ferdinand V of Castile, or Ferdinand I of Spain, or Ferrando II, or Ferran II, or Errando II, or Fernando II] AND Isabella I of Castile [or Isabel I] [10] This was the largest boat of the three in Columbus’s fleet. It ran aground due to incompetent piloting and was dismantled to build the first Spanish settlement in the New World.
[10] Name this corrupt political machine associated with the Democratic Party that dominated New York state politics during the 1800s. Its most infamous leader was “Boss” Tweed.
[10] Name this former Socialist and fascist world leader. He was nicknamed “Il Duce” (eel doo-chay) and was supported by the paramilitary Blackshirts.
[10] Benito Mussolini led this country, whose other former leaders include Sergio Mattarella and Giuseppe Conte.
[10] Another European fascist leader was this Spanish generalísimo, a dictator who led the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War and ruled until the 1970s.
[10] Name this "Boy Pharaoh" of Egypt, whose tomb was famously discovered nearly intact by Howard Carter.
[10] During his reign, Tutankhamun moved Egypt's capital from Amarna back to this other city. This city shares its name with a city-state in Greece that was legendarily founded by Cadmus.
[10] According to one theory, Tutankhamun's premature death may have been caused by an accident involving one of these vehicles. In ancient Rome, spectators could watch these vehicles at the Circus Maximus.
[10] Name this lengthy English civil war between the Houses of York and Lancaster, named for the flowers that formed each house's emblem.
[10] The Wars of the Roses were largely decided by this 1485 battle in which the forces of Henry Tudor defeated King Richard III.
[10] The House of York was represented by a rose of this color during the Wars of the Roses. Along with blue and red, this color makes up the British flag.
[10] Name this Revolutionary War traitor who intended to surrender West Point to the British in exchange for 20,000 pounds.
[10] Arnold led the capture of Fort Ticonderoga with this Vermonter and leader of the Green Mountain Boys.
[10] After the capture of Fort Ticonderoga, Henry Knox led a team that hauled sixty tons of heavy artillery across New York and Massachusetts to this city, Massachusetts’s largest city.
[10] In 1963, Kennedy gave a speech in this city in which he famously declared “Ich bin ein [resident of this city]”. During the Cold War, a wall separated the East and West halves of this German capital city.
[10] The Kennedy administration approved this failed 1961 invasion of Cuba led by Cuban exiles, which increased tensions, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
[10] Kennedy gave a speech in which he compared this action to Rice University playing Texas in football, saying that "we choose to" do this action "and the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard".
[10] Name this Asian country whose emperors are said to be the “symbol of the State” by its constitution. In 2019, its emperor became the first since 1817 to abdicate while alive.
[10] The Imperial Regalia of Japan consist of a jewel, a mirror, and a “Grass-Cutting” one of these weapons. A traditional Japanese form of this weapon is the katana.
[10] Emperor Jimmu is said to have received the Imperial Regalia through his descent from this Japanese sun goddess, who hid in a cave from her brother and was lured out by the mirror and jewel, later being given the sword as an apology gift.
[10] Identify this social cause which sought to ban the consumption of beverages like beer, rum, and bourbon in the United States.
[10] Carrie Nation, a radical temperance activist, was infamous for violently attacking saloons and bars using one of these weapons to destroy kegs of alcohol.
[10] During the prohibition era, this Chicago gangster built an empire on the sale of illegal alcohol, a practice known as bootlegging. Nicknamed "Scarface", this perpetrator of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre would later be jailed at Alcatraz after his conviction for tax evasion.
[10] Name this largest contiguous land empire in world history. It stretched from Siberia to Eastern Europe, eventually fracturing into several smaller realms such as the Chagatai Khanate.
[10] This grandson of Genghis established the Yuan Dynasty in China, becoming the first non-Han emperor to control all of China after his conquest of the Song Dynasty and accession to the imperial throne.
[10] This successor state of the Mongol Empire was founded by Batu Khan and ruled over the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It was eventually defeated by Muscovy at the Great Stand on the Ugra River.
[10] Name this first female European Prime Minister who was almost killed in an IRA bombing in Brighton.
[10] Thatcher was the prime minister of this country, whose regions include Wales and Scotland and which has also been led recently by David Cameron.
[10] Thatcher successfully ended a nationwide strike of people in this profession led by Arthur Scargill. This profession was concentrated in northern England and the Welsh mountains, and is also common in the U.S. in states like West Virginia.
[10] Name this king of Macedon who built an empire spanning from Greece to India. He named many cities after himself, including one in Egypt home to a famous lighthouse.
[10] This man was Alexander the Great's father. He was assassinated by one of his bodyguards and led the League of Corinth.
[10] In the Battles of Issus and Gaugamela, Alexander defeated Darius III, the ruler of this large empire centered on modern-day Iran.
[10] Identify this 1770 event in which British soldiers shot and killed several people protesting colonial laws in the capital of Massachusetts.
[10] This dock worker was the first victim of the Boston Massacre. Most historians agree he is both of African and Native American descent.
[10] The Boston Massacre was depicted in an engraving by this silversmith. This freedom fighter orchestrated a signal to light one lantern if British forces were advancing by land and two if by sea in one of his most famous feats.
[10] Identify this action, which was also performed on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. A description is acceptable.
[10] This actor shouted "Sic Semper Tyrannis", or "thus always to tyrants", after shooting Abraham Lincoln in 1865.
[10] After the assassination of William McKinley, Congress passed a law to task the Secret Service with protecting the president. The Secret Service was originally a branch of the Treasury Department tasked with preventing this crime.
[10] The goal of Operation Chattanooga Choo Choo was to bomb tracks for these vehicles, which passengers on the Trans-Siberian Railroad used.
[10] Operations Breakfast, Lunch, Snack, Dinner, Supper, and Dessert were launched to bomb this country neighboring Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
[10] The U.S. occupied New Georgia in Operation Toenails in this war, which also included the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
[10] Describe this event was perpetrated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist group.
[10] Franz Ferdinand's death sparked the beginning of this war which lasted from 1914 to 1918.
[10] This country was the first to mobilize forces to support Serbia, although it withdrew from the war after a 1917 revolution deposed its king Nicholas II.
[10] Name this country whose capital during the Qin Dynasty was located at Xi'an (SEE-ahn).
[10] This first emperor of the Qin dynasty united China, ending the Warring States period. He is traditionally held to have perpetrated a burning of books and mass murder of scholars, which may not have actually happened.
[10] Qin Shi Huang (chin shur hwahng) ordered the construction of a massive army of sculptures of soldiers made of this substance to protect him in the afterlife.
[10] Name this event in which the USS Arizona was sunk in an American naval base by a surprise attack.
[10] Pearl Harbor is a naval base in this U.S. state consisting of a volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. Its capital of Honolulu is near Pearl Harbor.
[10] This Japanese admiral commanded the pilots at Pearl Harbor. His plane was shot down on Bougainville Island during Operation Vengeance in 1943.
[10] The Plymouth Colony was founded by the Pilgrims, who sailed to America aboard this vessel. The first governing document of the colony was a “Compact” signed aboard, and named for, this vessel.
[10] This Puritan minister founded Rhode Island after being expelled from Massachusetts. He was one of the first abolitionists and wrote the first book about Native American languages.
[10] This other New England state was formed out of three colonies, including the New Haven and Saybrook Colonies. In 1687, its charter was hidden in a large oak tree to avoid it being seized by the English governor-general.
[10] Name this state which was established after Árpád, the son of Álmos (AHL-mohsh), led the Magyars (MAH-jars) into the Pannonian Basin, where they built a capital on the Danube River.
[10] King Stephen was given this honor after his death. In order to be given this honor in the Catholic Church, two miracles must be ascribed to one’s intercession, and beatification is a prerequisite step.
[10] Saint Stephen of Hungary was crowned by a holder of this title named Sylvester. This title, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, is currently held by Francis.
[10] Name this country currently led by Jacinda Ardern from its capital of Wellington.
[10] New Zealand is known as "Aotearoa" in the language of this indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, who fought each other in the Musket Wars and signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 with British colonizers.
[10] In 2015 and 2016, New Zealand undertook a pair of referendums on whether it should take this specific action, with "no" being the eventual result. Mississippi announced in 2020 that it would take this action in order to remove Confederate symbolism. A description is acceptable.
[10] Before becoming president, FDR served as governor of this state, where he led from its capital of Albany.
[10] FDR was the running mate for James Cox in the 1920 presidential election, which Cox lost to this man who was later implicated in the Teapot Dome scandal.
[10] In 1932, FDR defeated this man to become president. This president’s administration oversaw the beginning of the Great Depression, for which he was widely unpopular.
[10] Name this Italian city at the end of the Adriatic Sea which was a merchant republic ruled by doges such as Enrico Dandolo and dominated Mediterranean commerce for centuries.
[10] The island of Murano, north of the main island of Venice, is renowned for its historical leadership in the production of this good. The Venetian government ordered all the manufacturers of this material to move to Murano in 1291, fearing that their furnaces would cause fires.
[10] Venice contains hundreds of these artificial waterways, which are traversed by boats such as gondolas. The "Grand" one of these waterways divides Venice in half.
[10] The caliphate was mostly composed of tribes of this ethnic group. Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria have large populations of this ethnic group, for which the peninsula containing Oman and Yemen is also named.
[10] The caliphate conquered Syria and the Levant region from this empire, ruled by Heraclius at the time. This empire was also known as the Eastern Roman Empire and was led from Constantinople.
[10] Following a civil war, the Rashidun Caliphate was replaced by a caliphate led by this dynasty, which eventually established itself in Spain even after its overthrow by the Abbasids.
[10] Name this Democrat who vowed to enforce "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever" in a 1963 inaugural address.
[10] Wallace served as governor of this southern U.S. state for a total of sixteen years. Rosa Parks' arrest served as the catalyst for a bus boycott in this state's capital of Montgomery.
[10] During Wallace's first year in office, four African American girls were killed when the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham was bombed by members of this organization. William J. Simmons helped revive this group in 1915.
[10] Identify this Mesoamerican empire whose capital was Tenochtitlan. They were defeated by Hernan Cortez.
[10] This Aztec emperor exchanged gifts with Cortez at Cortez's first arrival before his eventual defeat.
[10] Tenochtitlan is now the location of this city, the largest city in North America and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.
[10] Rodrigo Duterte is the current leader of this country, whose capital is Manila. America took possession of it after the Spanish-American War.
[10] Once Marcos was exiled, he lived in this state, formerly known as the Sandwich Islands. They became an American possession after they were ruled by 5 kings named Kamehameha.
[10] Both Hawaii and the Philippines were settled by Austronesians, who are generally considered to have emigrated from this Asian island, where the Dutch East India Company established Fort Zeelandia. It was historically known as Formosa.
[10] Name this country whose possessions of Ingria and Estonia were captured during the war. It is led from Stockholm.
[10] This Swedish monarch was 17 when the coalition declared war; he went into exile after the disastrous Battle of Poltava.
[10] Charles XII returned and attempted to campaign against this country under Danish personal union; he attempted to besiege its cities of Trondheim and Fredricksten, but he died in battle.
[10] Name this British Prime Minister who led the country during World War II. In a famous 1940 speech, he said he had nothing to offer but "blood, toil, tears, and sweat".
[10] Churchill was a member of this political party, one of the two major British political parties along with the Labour Party. Its name indicates its center-right policy positions, and its recent prime ministers have included Theresa May.
[10] Churchill resigned as First Lord of the Admiralty after this failed military campaign in the Dardanelles. The anniversary of the landings in this campaign is a national holiday in Australia and New Zealand.
[10] Name this ethnic group, which today is the largest in South Africa. A province of South Africa is named for this ethnic group and Natal.
[10] This early 19th century Zulu monarch developed the "bull horn" formation and a shorter style of spear as part of his massive military reformation. The expansion of his realm is argued to have triggered the Mfecane (m-fay-thaa-nay), a long period of social upheaval in southern Africa.
[10] The Zulu Kingdom was eventually defeated by this colonial power, whose armies were also involved in the Boer Wars in South Africa. This country's colonial possessions also included Nigeria, Canada, and Australia.
[10] This battle was the last of the Revolutionary War, where Lord Cornwallis was defeated by George Washington and the Count de Rochambeau.
[10] These first two battles of the Revolutionary War were fought in towns outside Boston in 1775. Name either.
[10] George Washington secretly crossed the Delaware River and defeated the Hessians in this battle in New Jersey which occurred the day after Christmas.
[10] Name this event in which millions of oppressed African Americans moved North because of the South's discriminatory practices during the middle of the 20th century.
[10] This organization promoted the Great Migration under the leadership of W. E. B. DuBois. This organization's field secretary, Medgar Evers, was murdered by Byron De La Beckwith, and its newspaper was known as The Crisis.
[10] Medgar Evers was killed in this state, also the site of Emmett Till's murder. This state's capital lies at Jackson.